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Topic: Kaurna

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	Kaurna Links
		Kaurna Plains School aims to concentrate on the development of cultural programs that emphasise the teaching of Aboriginal cultural values and structures.
		The story of Kudnarto is a history of settler interaction with the Kaurna and the response of the Kaurna to settlers.
		Kaurna is one of the several hundreds of peoples who lived in Australia before the Englishmen came 200 years ago and colonized their country.
	kaurna.tripod.com /ch27.htm (449 words)

	History of Adelaide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Adelaide plains were inhabited by the Kaurna people at the time European contact was made, their territory extending from what is now Cape Jervis to Port Broughton.
		The Kaurna led a nomadic existence within the Yerta confines in large family groups of around 30.
		Kaurna numbers were greatly reduced by the spread of smallpox transported downstream by the Murray River.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Adelaide (2154 words)

	Kudnarto
		This morning we passed through a country of an inferior description, making a short state to a watercourse, named by me the "Crystal Brook" it was a pretty stream emanating from the hills to the north-east, and marked in its whole course through the plains to the northward and westward lines of gum trees.
		Because her Kaurna name was unfamiliar to Europeans for pronunciation or even understanding its context, the name Mary Ann came into existence.
		Within the Kaurna society, the consequence is that a person born of one moiety could not marry a person belonging to the same moiety.
	kudnarto.tripod.com /ch2.htm (2549 words)

	Kaurna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kaurna refers to the indigenous or aboriginal people and language of the Adelaide Plains of South Australia.
		The language is no longer spoken as a mother tongue but is being revived with the aid of a remarkable dictionary of Kaurna compiled by two German missionaries in the 1840s.
		This is a stub related to the city of Adelaide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kaurna (105 words)

	Ingarnendi - Features - "Echoes of a tribal voice" The Advertiser, 14th April,2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The extinguishing of the Kaurna tribal identity was remarkably swift.
		The Kaurna people prefer not to borrow from English in their revivification of language but return to the age-old tradition of delivering new terms for their existing vocabulary.
		Amery’s role in all of this is to try to make sense of these historical records and to use his extensive linguistic skills to make all the language connections, comparing and contrasting, and putting all the findings in their context.
	www.ingarnendi.samuseum.sa.gov.au /db/features/story.php?primKeyPost=3 (1042 words)

	The Kaurna People
		The Kaurna people lived on this land for many thousands of years and were made up of independent groups living within their own lands but who came together for trade, social, ceremonial and religious reasons.
		The Kaurna seem to have moved between the coast in summer months, for coastal berries and various sea life, including turtles, and the foothills in the colder weather which had better shelter and firewood.
		The Kaurna were the southernmost tribe to perform the initiatory rite of circumcision.
	www.acc.asn.au /Kaurna.htm (987 words)

	City of Burnside - Our History - Adelaide, South Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Kaurna people lived in family groups or clans and led a hunter-gatherer existence, moving about their strictly defined tribal lands in a never-ending quest for food.
		For a few years the Adelaide Kaurnas and tribes from the Murray River were present in considerable numbers: "At every creek and gully you would see their wurlies and their fires at night", wrote James Milne Young, who grew up near Beaumont and later kept a nursery-garden in the Burnside Village.
		Just as the Kaurnas themselves had made the banks of the Torrens their main tribal base, so did the Europeans; and the creeks that came down from the hills were similarly valued.
	www.burnside.sa.gov.au /site/page.cfm?u=668 (1978 words)

	Lilliths Realm - Aboriginal Genocide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kaurna is the name given to the original inhabitants of the Adelaide Plains (although the term "Adelaide Plains" is yet another imposed European concept of boundaries and borders).
		Kaurna population declined rapidly and those who survived were either forced to move to the the fringes and small towns outside of the city, or were relocated against their will to mission stations in other Aboriginal peoples lands, living in great fear of their future.
		Kaurna are still being dispossessed both physically and mentally; the mental persecution is the most powerful and what hurts the most.
	members.aol.com /_ht_a/lillithsrealm/myhomepage/Humanity/HumanRights/Genocide/AboriginalGenocide.htm (881 words)

	The Guardian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The community has rejected the suggestion that a "Kaurna Park" should be built on a narrow strip of land beside the Jervois Bridge in Glanville.
		Kaurna Elder Veronica Brodie told The Guardian last week that the idea that a monument on the otherwise unusable 50-metre strip of land would somehow sufficiently recognise the Aboriginal history of Port Adelaide is pure tokenism.
		The strip in question is currently part of a vacant riverfront parcel of land which is earmarked for "development" into a precinct that would include commercial and apartment buildings of up to seven stories.
	www.cpa.org.au /garchve03/1127kaurna.html (479 words)

	Adelaide City Council - Reconciliation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In March 2000, Council endorsed the Kaurna naming of the first four Adelaide City Park Lands and made a formal request to the Geographical Names Advisory Committee to dual name the River Torrens and the Main Lake Botanic Garden with their Kaurna names.
		Council works closely with linguists, Kaurna communities and Council's Reconciliation Committee in the development of text for each of the Park Lands and City Squares that has been assigned a Kaurna name.
		Kaurna signage for all 29 Adelaide City Park Lands has now been installed.
	www.adelaide.sa.gov.au /recsite/sig_sites.htm (500 words)

	City of Onkaparinga: History Profile
		The Kaurna Aboriginal people were traditional owners of the land for at least 40,000 years before the arrival of Europeans.
		The Kaurna, see themselves as stewards of the environment – a world alive with social and spiritual meaning.
		Revering their ancestors and having virtually no contact with the world beyond their own, the Kaurna people were forced to meet head-on the culture of the first Europeans who arrived on their land in the early 1800s.
	www.onkaparingacity.com /history/kaurna.asp (232 words)

	The Kaurna
		Although the Kaurna people have dissappeared, their names still remain as a reminder to South Australians that there was a people who lived in the area.
		The total population of the Kaurna region prior to European settlement is unknown.
		Wife stealing was a regular practice among the Kaurna and the neighbouring yerta.
	kudnarto.tripod.com /ch1.htm (2450 words)

	Australia - Kaurna - English
		English became their daily language, and the Kaurna language was no longer passed on to the coming generations.
		Some German missionaries made a word list and a grammar of the Kaurna language and they started a school where the Kaurna children were taught in their own language.
		Children have learnt the language at school, they are singing in Kaurna and Kaurna language has got a kind of official acceptance.
	home.online.no /~sveilund/urfolk/kaurnae.htm (872 words)

	The Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kaurna people also used the shaft of the flower spike for fire sticks and to make lightweight spears.
		A sharp hardwood point was attached to the end of the spear shaft using kangaroo sinews and a cement resin gathered from the trunk of grass trees.
		Kaurna people licked the sweet nectar which dripped from the dense flower heads of the local silver banksia.
	oac.schools.sa.edu.au /outreach/oes/botanic/btn/stories.htm (1263 words)

	The Kaurna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The young were cared for, nurtured and trained in the roles as independent adults, sharing with the group the produce from their hunting and gathering activities.
		The Kaurna people were decimated by disease and forced removal from their lands soon after the European invasion of 1788 and the establishment of the Adelaide colony in 1836.
		In recent times Kaurna people are rediscovering their rich heritage and identity.
	www.literacy.unisa.edu.au /SchoolofEd/Student%20Pages/Greg%20Johnson/page2.html (199 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages. Newsletter 15
		This is a longitudinal study of the reclamation of Kaurna (both as a linguistic and social process) which is taking place within the context of a linguistic and cultural renaissance and re-emergence of a distinctive Kaurna identity over the last few decades.
		I trace the history of Kaurna drawing on all known sources (mostly from the period 1836-1858) and all known emerging uses for the language in the modern period (1989-1997).
		In reclaiming Kaurna, key leaders and members of the community are working in collaboration with linguists and educators.
	www.ogmios.org /1511.htm (1469 words)

	Kaurna Warra - Home Page
		Since the Kaurna managed the lands given to them in trust for thousands of years without these problems emerging, hidden within these words are a way of life that builds the land up rather than denudes it as is happening at the moment.
		That is why the study of the Kaurna language is as important today as it was when it was banned by the settlers.
		To build an active language data base requires the ceaseless contributions of all people who have an acquaintance with Kaurna warra, both in the living and older form, or the curiosity of people who want to expand their understanding of this language for personal purposes.
	kaurna.tripod.com (1093 words)

	individual book page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Programs have been established for a range of learners, language functions continue to expand, and the language is beginning to take root within households.
		Kaurna is now becoming a marker of identity and a means by which Kaurna people can further their political and social goals.
		A.’s study is intended as a model for the revival of languages in similar circumstances to Kaurna.
	wings.buffalo.edu /linguistics/ssila/books/indbook/b25.htm (183 words)

	Kaurna Walking Trail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The trail honours and recognises Kaurna people and their traditional ownership and custodianship of the Adelaide Plains.
		Elders say the Kaurna spirit lives amongst the steel and concrete, roads and lawns and we should learn about the past so that we can grasp the future.
		A detailed brochure of the Kaurna Walking Trail, produced by the Graham F. Smith Peace Trust, is available at the Centre or by contacting the Graham F. Smith Peace Trust at PO Box 693, North Adelaide SA 5006.
	www.afct.org.au /apps/news?sectionID=86&pageID=42 (119 words)

	The Guardian
		Kaurna people and the river Kaurna people, who talk of one of the symbolic animals of the area as being the possum (brush-tailed), also talk of Kaurna people who remember when they used to sew possum skins to make possum skin footballs.
		The dolphin and pelican dreaming exist for Kaurna people and are felt by the community.
		Recorded history recounted by Kaurna elders recalls when Kaurna people were forcibly removed by CSR from the old sugar refinery site and made to walk to Adelaide where they were arrested and charged as vagrants.
	www.cpa.org.au /garchve1/983sa.html (844 words)

	b o r d e r l a n d s e-journal
		For Indigenous people such as the Kaurna, the term postcolonial can be a problematic label serving to mask the ongoing colonial nature of the institutions that continue to occupy their country.
		For the Kaurna the oval remains a colonised and colonising space.
		Recent research projects examining the cultural significance of the Adelaide Parklands (driven by Kaurna leadership) and the Adelaide Oval Conservation Review have reminded the colonial institutions – the City of Adelaide and SACA – that their histories of heroic deeds, nation building and ‘settlement’ are not the only stories to be told.
	www.borderlandsejournal.adelaide.edu.au /vol2no1_2003/hemmingrigney_oval.html (5998 words)

	Adelaide History \| Lonely Planet World Guide
		At the time of European settlement, the area that is now Adelaide was occupied by the Kaurna people, a peaceful group numbering around 300.
		Modern historians know little about Kaurna social life, but we do know that they were skilled at working with skins and fibres.
		Even before the arrival of white settlers in South Australia, the Kaurna people had suffered epidemics of smallpox and other diseases which had swept down the Murray from NSW.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /destinations/australasia/adelaide/history.htm (568 words)

	Adelaide Festival of Arts 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kaurna Palti Meyunna is a new ceremony, where the old is acknowledge and modern forms recognised in which the inherent wisdoms of indigenous people can be conveyed.
		The Ceremony is an opportunity for non-indigenous people from Australia and other countries to experience the deep relationship and ongoing connection that the Kaurna people have with this land.
		In Kaurna Palti Meyunna the ancient knowledge of the Kaurna people will be drawn upon to clear pathways for future generations to travel...” Karl Telfer and Waiata Telfer
	www.adelaidefestival.org.au /archives/2002/kaurmapaltimeyunna.asp (162 words)

	7.30 Report - 28/2/2001: Aboriginal language resurrected in South Australia
		ROD AMERY, LINGUIST UNIVERSITY OF SA: Kaurna is the language that Kaurna people themselves prefer to refer to as a sleeping, or a dormant language.
		It was written in 1840 by Kaurna elders in conjunction with two German missionaries -- Clamor Schurmann and Christian Teichelmann -- who ran a school for Aboriginal children.
		LEWIS O'BRIEN, KAURNA ELDER: Language is culture and we want to get it back and we see the sense of it all and all that sort of brilliance that they developed.
	www.abc.net.au /7.30/stories/s252923.htm (914 words)

	Paitya Dance Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is also home to the Kaurna Living Cultural Centre a joint project with the KACHA (Kaurna Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Association) and the Marion Council.
		We are the bearers of the culture of the Kaurna people, and we are responsible to hold these dances and stories for future generations.
		We are the Kaurna culture bearers, we keep our stories, we keep our language, we keep our dances, we come from this spirit place our land.
	www.users.bigpond.com /winda8/home.html (193 words)

	Kokotinna - Section 5
		Relationships between the Kaurna people of the Adelaide plains and the Europeans is mostly friendly with curiosity on both sides but many Kaurna and Ngarrindjeri die from diseases such as colds, measles and whooping cough because they have no immunity and are now living in unhygienic conditions.
		(Instruct a 'European' to physically move the remaining Kaurna group to Port Lincoln) Many suffer badly from illnesses, probably including stress at leaving their land and living in what was to them a foreign land.
		Kaurna country includes what is now the metropolitan area of Adelaide, the land south along the coast of Fleurieu Peninsula as far as Cape Jervis and the land north to Crystal Brook.
	www.flinders.edu.au /kokotinna/SECT05/GRP_WK3.HTM (5917 words)

	Morialta Conservation Park - About the Park
		The intensive settlement of the Adelaide plains during the last century has had a devastating effect on the Kaurna people and their culture.
		Tindale (1974) suggests that the Kaurna peoples "most consistent movements were towards the seashore in summer and inland at the beginning of winter to find better shelter and better sources of firewood".
		The upper slopes were used for hunting possums, bandicoots and other small animals and particularly for supplies of the cossid larvae of the large moth Xylentes affinis found boring in the stems of the Golden Wattles Acacia pycnantha (Tindale 1974).
	www.environment.sa.gov.au /parks/morialta/about.html (1164 words)

	Guide to the Norman B. Tindale Archives - 338/16 - Maps - South East of South Australia
		Tindale Tribes: Kaurna ; Ngadjuri ; Peramangk ; Ramindjeri.
		Supplementary to: 'Notes on the Kaurna or Adelaide Tribe and the natives of Yorke Peninsula and the Middle North of South Australia by Norman B. Tindale.
		Tindale Tribes: Jarildekald ; Kaurna ; Meintangk ; Ngadjuri ; Ngaiawang ; Nganguruku ; Ngaralta ; Ngarkat ; Peramangk ; Portaulun ; Ramindjeri ; Tanganekald ; Warki.
	www.samuseum.sa.gov.au /tindale/HDMS/338-16.htm (6987 words)

	Adelaide City Council - Reconciliation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kaurna meyunna, Kaurna yerta tampendi (recognising Kaurna people and Kaurna land) Walking Trail for Karrawirra Parri (River Torrens) and Adelaide City area.
		The Kaurna meyunna, Kaurna yerta tampendi Walking Trail begins at the foyer of the Festival Centre with a Kaurna sculpture.
		Detailed Kaurna meyunna, Kaurna yerta tampendi Walking Trail Guides are available at the Adelaide City Council Customer Service Centre or alternatively, from the Aboriginal Education Unit, the Art Gallery of South Australia, the Global Education Centre, the Migration Museum, the South Australian Visitor and Travel Centre, Tandanya, the Environment Shop and the Wilderness Shop.
	www.adelaide.sa.gov.au /recsite/kaurna_walking_trails.htm (210 words)

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