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Topic: Kazumura Cave

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	Kazumura Cave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kazumura Cave is, at 65,500m (40 miles), the longest, and at 1,101m (3,614 feet), the deepest lava tube in the world.
		Although this cave is still being explored, the most important discoveries were made during the 1990s - when several small caves were discovered to be connected to it.
		Despite Kazumura not being a commercial cave, limited tours are given by a local caver.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kazumura_Cave (111 words)

	Cave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kazumura Cave near Hilo is the longest and deepest lava tube of the world and also the eighth longest cave of the United States.
		Cave inhabiting animals can be categorized as troglobites (cave limited-species), troglophiles (species which can live their entire lives in caves, but also occur in other environments), trogloxenes (species which utilize caves, but must leave the caves to complete their life cycle) and accidentals.
		Because of the fragile nature of the cave ecosytem, and the fact that cave regions tend to be isolated from one another, caves harbor a number of endangered species, such as, for example the Tooth cave spider, Liphistiidae Liphistius trapdoor spider and the Gray bat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cave (1622 words)

	Cave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Cave formation in limestone occurs because limestone dissolves under the action of rainwater and groundwater charged with CO and naturally occurring organic acids.
		Sea caves are very common at all coasts of the world, but as they are restricted to the zone where waves work on the rocks of the coast they are rather small.
		Kazumura Cave near Hilo is the longest and deepest lava tube of the world and also the eight longest cave of the United States.
	usapedia.com /c/cave.html (914 words)

	cave - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Cave inhabiting animals can be categorized as troglobites (cave limited-species), troglophiles (species which can live their entire lives in caves, but also occur in other environments), trogloxenes (species which utilize caves, but must leave the caves to complete their life cicle) and accidentals.
		As of 2005, the deepest known cave (measured from its highest entrance to its lowest point) is Voronya Cave (Abkhazia, Georgia), with a depth of 2,062m.
		The largest individual cavern ever discovered is the Sarawak Chamber, in the Gunung Mulu National Park (Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia), a sloping, boulder strewn chamber with an area of approximately 600m by 400m and a height of 80m.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/cave (1239 words)

	Hawaii Island Journal - Last Issue Stories
		Kaumana Cave, on the Saddle Road above Hilo, is a county park and a popular tourist destination: one of few subterranean passages in the state that appears regularly in tourist guidebooks and can be entered free of charge.
		Last fall, a group of spelunkers (cave explorers) from a local caving club surveyed some of the upper reaches of the Kaumana Cave, on a subcontract to the Department of Hawaiian Homelands, which wants to put in a subdivision over one section of the cave.
		Among the damaged caverns is Kazumura Cave, the longest known lava tube in the world, whose 40 miles of explored passages stretch from Volcano nearly to the ocean in Hawaiian Paradise Park.
	www.hawaiiislandjournal.com /2003/5a03a.html (2539 words)

	Hawaii Forest and Trail - Don't Call Me A Spelunker
		One such lava tube is Kazumura Cave, on the east rift zone of Kilauea in the Puna District.
		Unfortunately, Kazumura's cherished sites have been greatly disturbed by cave visitors; many "cavers" in Hawaii are, in fact, artifact hounds, folks who have keen eyes and are skilled at discovering Hawaiiana treasure.
		The discovery of cave crickets, plant hoppers, thread-legged bugs, millipedes, and spiders adapted for the dark is one of the great stories of Hawaii's natural history.
	www.hawaii-forest.com /essays/9708.html (875 words)

	Wikinfo \| Cave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A cave is an underground void that is large enough to be examined in some way by man and which was formed by nature.
		The largest individual cave room found is the Gua Niah or known as Sarawak Chamber (Borneo, Malaysia; area 700m by 300m, height 70m) - big enough to accommodate 40 Boeing 747s or to fly a light aircraft through.
		Caves are also an archaeological treasure house as primitive people used caves as their shelter and sometimes burial place.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Cave (1063 words)

	Cave
		Glacier caves occur in and under glaciers, formed by melting.
		As of 2005, the deepest known cave (measured from its highest entrance to its lowest point) is Voronya Cave (Abkhazia, Georgia), with a depth of 2,140m.
		NSS Conservation Division Preserving and protecting caves and karst for cavers, scientific research, and the general public is one of the most important goals of the NSS.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/cave.html (1626 words)

	Kazumura Cave Tours
		Kazumura Cave is just one of several tubes that formed in that eruption which began at Kilauea Iki 500 years ago.
		With 40 miles of surveyed passages and a vertical extent of 3,602 feet, Kazumura Cave is not only the longest lava tube, but is also the deepest cave in the United States.
		The cave temperature is 61 degrees F. and wet.
	www.fortunecity.com /oasis/angkor/176 (1149 words)

	Preliminary Draft
		Some of the data is inconsistent due to the lack of standardized definitions, different priorities of data gathering, and different levels of research.
		An appreciation of these lava cave systems can be conveyed in this easy to compare format even though it is incomplete, and a little inconsistent.
		A lava cave is defined as a continuous connected cave by traditional cave definition.
	www.acave.us /llcave.htm (630 words)

	Kazumura Cave Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Kazumura Cave is currently recorded as the longest lava cave in the world, with more than 42 miles of known passage, and has a vertical drop, from end to end, of more than 3000 feet.
		The Kazumura Cave Photo Documentation Project is led by professional photographer Rob Ratkowski, of Maui, Hawaii.
		My role in this project is to assist with photographic and logistical efforts, by helping carry gear into and out of the cave, by positioning and maneuvering lighting equipment, by locating features of interest, by documenting the project itself on occasion, and by doing whatever else needs to be done.
	www.latech.edu /tech/education/cicciarella/crg/kazumuracaveproject.html (150 words)

	NOVA \| Mysterious Life of Caves \| How Caves Form: Lava \| PBS
		Instead of carving or eating away at existing rock, it creates caves within a lava flow as the flow slowly solidifies.
		Openings to lava caves usually lie on the surface, where a thin part of the cave ceiling has collapsed.
		Such caves are commonly found in places where lava has flowed recently (in geological terms), such as Hawaii and the western U.S. The longest lava cave is Kazumura Cave in Hawaii, a cave system that is almost 30 miles long.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/caves/form_lava.html (256 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Limestone caves are often adorned with calcium carbonate formations produced through slow precipitation, including the most common and well-known stalactites and
		Mexican Free-tailed Bat, are trogloxenes, and are commonly found in caves, but forage outside of the caves.
		cave crickets are classified as trogloxenes, as they roost in caves by day and forage above ground at night.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Cave.html (1085 words)

	Caves of the United States: Kazumura Cave
		It is the deepest cave of the USA and the eighth longest.
		The second deepest cave of the USA is still a lava tube of Hawai'i, Huehue Cave.
		This cave is rather young, the lawa flow and the forming of the caves happened only about 350 to 700 years ago.
	www.showcaves.com /english/usa/caves/Kazumura.html (312 words)

	speleogenesis.net :: Publications
		Lechuguilla is well reviewed and has an incredible survey but none of the fabulous photos for which this cave is famous, while Kazumura Cave has a better illustrated overview of its unbroken lava tube that is 41km long within a system of 65km of passages.
		The Huautla caves have a welcome overview, but the area line map is confused by leaving the surface survey traverse on the computer output.
		An entry on camping in caves provides amusing reading of accounts of the various attempts at underground camping in USA mainly in the 1950s to 1970s, but could have improved by including note of more recent Soviet experience in their cold caves.
	www.speleogenesis.net /archive/publication.php?PubID=3280&Type=review (1369 words)

	Encyclopedia of Caves
		Caves are fascinating and interesting from many perspectives.
		They continue to be important because of their connection to ground water, and finally they are important recreational resources.
		The Encyclopedia of Caves brings together these disparate topics with scientifically uncompromising and yet accessibly written essays by the world's leading scholars of caves.
	www.cplbookshop.com /contents/C1502.htm (166 words)

	Cave - Gurupedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Some caves are formed at the same time as the surrounding rock, including lava tubes and blister caves.
		The deepest known cave (2004) is Voronja Cave (Georgia), with a depth of 1,710m, but this title has recently been needed to be updated frequently as exploration of new cave progresses.
		CAVE is the Cave Automatic Virtual Environment for immersive virtual reality simulations.
	www.gurupedia.com /c/ca/cavern.htm (734 words)

	Speleonet: Geology
		From media reports you might imagine that the cave is nothing more than an elusive fl crack in the surface of the earth which leads directly to the forbidden knowledge protected by the deeper realms.
		Stalactite caves retain a record of environmental conditions, including climate and the seepage of water through cracks in the earth.
		The origin of Natural Bridge Caverns and other nearby caves is intimately tied to the depositional, structural, and erosional evolution of the San Marcos Arch and Balcones Fault Zone.
	speleonet.typepad.com /speleonet/geology/index.html (7792 words)

	Cave Conservationist
		The Cave Exploration Group of South Australia (CEGSA) was called in, in September 1991, to map the cave on condition of total secrecy.
		We argued that significant parts of the cave would have survived the blast and physical inspection was the only way to assess the state of the cave-if it was destroyed, worth preserving or had tourism potential.
		The caves themselves are to be "collapsed", unless declared "significant" by state archaeologists.
	www.acave.us /ccms/tc/1995octcc.htm (8800 words)

	Kazumura Cave: The World's Longest Lava Tube (Famous Caves of the World) - Price Comparison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Kazumura Cave: The World's Longest Lava Tube (Famous Caves of the World) - Price Comparison
		You are here: Books > Kazumura Cave: The World's Longest Lava Tube (Famous Caves of the World)
		Kazumura Cave: The World's Longest Lava Tube (Famous Caves of the World)
	books.compricer.com /082396261X (70 words)

	Kazumura Cave: The World's Longest Lava Tube:082396261X:Burnham, Brad:eCampus.com
		Your students will learn what happens to Hawaii's volcanoes when they erupt, and how their lava formed Kazumura cave.
		Cave of Lascaux: The Cave of Prehistoric Wall Paintings
		Caves of the Thousand Buddhas: Treasure-House of Chinese Art
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=082396261X (120 words)

	[No title]
		USA LONGEST CAVES Compiled by: Bob Gulden - July 31, 2006
		Caves Mapped/Surveyed at 1 mile+ in length (5280 feet, 1609 meters)
		The NSS Geo2 Long and Deep Caves Web Site is at http://www.caverbob/home.htm Copyright 2006 NSS Geo2, Bob Gulden NSS#13188
	www.caverbob.com /usalong.htm (49 words)

	Amazon.ca: Kazumura Cave: The World's Longest Lava Tube: Books: Brad Burnham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Amazon.ca: Kazumura Cave: The World's Longest Lava Tube: Books: Brad Burnham
		Kazumura Cave: The World's Longest Lava Tube (Hardcover)
		Publisher: learn how customers can search inside this book.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/082396261X (119 words)

	The Ultimate Cave Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		The Ultimate Cave Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		NSS Geo2 Committee on Long and Deep Caves A website with numerous pages on cave world records, e.g., the longest and deepest caves; compiled by Bob Gulden
		Ogof Ffynnon Ddu A virtual tour of Ogof Ffynnon Ddu, the deepest cave in the UK
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Caves (1266 words)

	USA Long Cave List
		8 Kazumura Cave (Lava Tube) Hawaii Hawaii 38.165 3614 The IUS Com.on Valcanic Caves News#13 06/97
		34 Coldwater Cave Iowa Winneshiek 15.200 0 Marc Ohms 01/96
		68 Grassy Cove Saltpetre Cave (Saltpeter) Tennessee Cumberland 8.144 367 TCS 01/96
	glaciercaves.com /html/caveso_1.HTM (2145 words)

	[No title]
		USA DEEPEST CAVES Compiled by: Bob Gulden - July 31, 2006
		David Ek Fossil Mnt.Ice Cave - Wind Cave System
		Jerry Reeves e-mail / Loc not know to ACS / was a one man survey
	www.caverbob.com /usadeep.htm (71 words)

	Caves of the United States: Kazumura Cave Gallery
		Caves of the United States: Kazumura Cave Gallery
		Image: the sun shining into the cave at Skylight Falls.
		For more photographs and information read his new book!
	www.showcaves.com /english/usa/caves/KazumuraGallery.html (45 words)

	Cave Conservancy of Hawai`i Links
		Raw Sewage and Solid Waste Dumps in Lava Tube Caves of Hawaii Island
		What are the Effects of Golf Course Pesticides on Endangered, Cave Dwelling Arthropods?
		Rare cave spiders on Kauai get protection plan
	www.hawaiicaves.org /links.htm (99 words)

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