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Topic: Keck telescopes

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Mauna Kea Observatory

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	Keck On The Desk
		Almost half of the observing runs on the Keck Telescopes are for one night or half a night.
		And the builders of instruments such as spectrographs that are used in conjunction with the Keck Telescopes will have easy access for troubleshooting and monitoring the performance of their instruments.
		The twin Keck Telescopes, each with a primary mirror 10 meters in diameter, are the largest optical and infrared telescopes in the world.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/telescopes-00b.html (801 words)

	Keck telescopes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Both Keck telescopes are equipped with adaptive optics, which compensates for the blurring due to atmospheric turbulence.
		In addition, the Keck I and Keck II telescopes can work together as the Keck Interferometer; the 85 m separation gives them the effective angular resolution in one direction of an 85 m mirror, comparable with the resolution of other astronomical interferometer arrays such as the VLTI (200 m separation).
		The W. Keck Observatory is managed by the California Association for Research in Astronomy, a non-profit 501 (c)(3) organization whose board of directors includes representatives from Caltech and the University of California.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Keck_telescopes (357 words)

	Keck Interferometer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Keck Interferometer is a two-telescope astronomical interferometer.
		It combines the light from the twin Keck telescopes to measure the emission from dust orbiting nearby stars, directly detect the hottest gas giant planets, image disks around young stars and other objects of astrophysical interest, and survey hundreds of stars for the presence of planets the size of Uranus or larger.
		Keck Foundation and NASA, the observatory is operated by CARA for the California Institute of Technology, and the University of California, with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which joined the partnership in October, 1996.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Keck_Interferometer (513 words)

	Keck
		The Keck Telescope and its twin brother, Keck II--known by some as "Side-Keck"--live together near the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, at an altitude of almost 4200 meters.
		Designers built Hale and other pre-Keck telescopes around technology which ignores the constant motion of the atmosphere due to the mixture of warm air with cool air, a fact of nature that limited such telescopes to resolutions of one arc second, or 1/3600 of a degree.
		As an infrared telescope, it is essential that its surrounding temperature conditions remain perfect: the air around it must be cool, and practically no infrared-absorbing water should be in the air.
	www.rso.cornell.edu /scitech/archive/97sum/keck.html (1718 words)

	Caltech Astronomy : Keck Observatory
		Keck Observatory consists of two ten-meter telescopes constructed and operated by Caltech and the University of California on top of Mauna Kea, an extinct volcano 13,800 feet high on the island of Hawaii.
		None of the other 8 to 10-meter telescopes in the world are expected to come into operation before 1998 at the earliest so that the Keck observing community will enjoy several years in which to skim the cream at the latest frontier of optical and infrared astronomy.
		The primary mirror design of the Keck telescopes is a radical departure from that of existing telescopes; it consists of 36 actively controlled hexagonal segments, each 1.8 meters in diameter.
	www.astro.caltech.edu /observatories/keck.bluebook.html (977 words)

	Keck telescope
		The W.M. Keck telescopes are the two biggest telescopes in the Mauna Kea Observatory[?].
		With their 10 m (33 ft) mirrors they are the largest telescopes in the world.
		It is a Ritchey-Chrétien type of telescope on an altazimuth mount[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ke/Keck_telescope.html (90 words)

	The Twin Keck Telescopes of Mauna Kea Volcano.....
		The Twin Keck Telescopes of Mauna Kea Volcano.....
		The Twin Keck telescopes in Hawaii is the largest optical and infrared telescopes.
		The Keck telescopes are used by astrophysicists to seek answers to some very large questions such as How did the universe evolve since creation to its present state.
	hyper.vcsun.org /HyperNews/rrains/get/SCA4f/11.html (157 words)

	Keck Telescopes
		Located at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, both have primary mirrors 10 m (33 ft) in diameter, made from 36 1.8-m-wide hexagonal segments.
		Keck I began scientific observations in May 1993 and Keck II in October 1996.
		Among the instruments fitted to Keck II is MIRLIN, the Mid-InfraRed Large-well Imager, capable of showing detail in circumstellar disks and thereby shedding light on the process of planet formation.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/K/KeckT.html (231 words)

	Telescopes.Rifle-Scope-Alley.Com :- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Telescopes used for non-astronomical purposes are often referred to as theodolites, transits, spotting scopes, monoculars, binoculars, camera lenses, microscopes or spyglasses.
		Radio telescopes are often operated in pairs, or larger groups to synthesize large 'virtual' apertures that are similar in size to the separation between the telescopes: see aperture synthesis.
		The telescope was aimed by the aid of a Foucault sidérostat, which is a movable plane mirror with a 2 m diameter, mounted in a large cast-iron frame.
	telescopes.rifle-scope-alley.com (1201 words)

	NASA to join in use of keck telescopes
		NASA researchers are preparing to use the giant twin telescopes of the W.M. Keck Observatory together as a single, high-powered instrument in coming years to search for planets and planetary systems around nearby stars.
		The recently completed Keck II Telescope, the second of the 10-meter (33-foot) diameter telescopes atop Hawaii's Mauna Kea, is to be formally dedicated in ceremonies at the observatory on Wednesday, May 8.
		The Keck II Telescope, like its sibling Keck I, uses a mirror composed of 36 hexagonal pieces of glass, individually polished and assembled, to form a huge, perfectly parabolic reflecting surface.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/96/keckrel.html (660 words)

	Keck Pictures of Uranus
		Later observations conducted by the team at University of Wisconsin-Madison, also with the Keck II AO system, were formed into a composite image in which the highest clouds appear white, the middle level clouds appear bright green, and the lower clouds appear darker blue (Figure 2).
		Funding for the telescopes and the Keck II adaptive optics system is provided by the W.M. Keck Foundation.
		The W. Keck Observatory is operated by the California Association for Research in Astronomy (CARA), a non-profit 501 (c) (3) corporation whose board of directors includes representatives from the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
	www2.keck.hawaii.edu /news/science/uranus (1217 words)

	W.M. Keck Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The twin Keck Telescope domes are in the middle-left foreground.
		Behind the Kecks are, left to right: the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF), the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, the under-construction Gemini 8-meter, the University of Hawaii 2.2-meter, and the United Kingdom Infrared 3.8-meter Telescope.
		To be mounted permanently on the forward Cassegrain module along with the other Keck I infrared instruments, LWIRC will be used to study unusual objects in the galactic center, active galactic nuclei, starburst galaxies, planet-forming regions of young stars, and older stars that have shed portions of their mass into interstellar space.
	fips-server.physik.uni-kl.de /fips/teilnehmer/newsticker/history/00-08-22.html (2649 words)

	Tim Williams - University of Arizona - Astronomy
		Using the Keck Telescopes, the group surveying quasars as old as twelve billion years to reach the startling conclusions.
		The Keck Interferometer obtained Keck-Keck fringes on the night of March 12, 2001.
		Keck Observatory for the international rate of sixty cents as part of this series.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~trw/astro (530 words)

	Interfacing Visitor Instruments to the Keck Telescopes
		This guide is meant to convey the essential information needed by an instrument builder to judge the compatibility of the instrument with the Keck II telescope and to estimate the effort required to observe with it.
		The telescope aperture area is equivalent to that with a circular aperture 9.96 m in diameter.
		Keck II is provided with an infrared chopping capability on the f/40 focus, but it differs from the Keck I f/25 system in having a simpler secondary mirror drive with a more restricted angular chop range.
	www2.keck.hawaii.edu /realpublic/observing/interfacvinst/ifvifrm-1.html (2308 words)

	Astronomy photos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Keck II telescope is at the left, and the Keck I telescope is on the right.
		The Keck telescope domes and the Subaru telescope enclosure at sunrise on July 16, 2000, immediately after the total lunar eclipse.
		The Subaru Telescope and Keck I dome with the partially eclipsed moon on July 16, 2000.
	www.wainscoat.com /astronomy (542 words)

	APOD: December 27, 1997 - Keck: The Largest Optical Telescopes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Together, the twin Keck telescopes have the resolving power of a single telescope 90-meter in diameter, able to discern sources just milliarcseconds apart.
		Keck II, completed last year, and its twin are located on the dormant volcano Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA.
		One reason Keck was built was because of the difficulty for astronomers to get funding for a smaller telescope.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap971227.html (145 words)

	Benjamin Lackey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This technology was pioneered by the Keck telescopes, which use 32 mirror segments to form an effective 10m primary mirror.
		The current telescope proposals are: the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) with an aperture of 20m, the 30m California Extremely Large Telescope which was recently renamed the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), the 50m Euro50, and the 100m OverWhelmingly Large (OWL) telescope.
		Given the necessary optics advancements and enormous costs required to build such telescopes, and the immediate need for an ELT’s data, open competition for an effective design and significant collaboration to develop the most promising design is necessary to have a finished telescope within the next 15 years.
	www.personal.psu.edu /students/b/d/bdl142/writingsample.html (1421 words)

	Keck Telescopes Upgraded Via Lasers
		U.S. scientists have outfitted the giant, twin Keck telescopes in Hawaii with a new laser guidance system they said could revolutionize astronomy.
		Before the laser system was devised, Keck astronomers had to rely on the availability of a relatively bright, naturally-occurring star to measure and correct for atmospheric distortions.
		Telescopes in space and on the ground have analyzed the light from galaxies for years, but now we can actually see the structure and stellar population inside those galaxies, said Dr. David Le Mignant, instrument scientist for the adaptive optics system at the W. Keck Observatory.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/telescopes-04x.html (331 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Hawaii News
		HILO >> Astronomers using the two giant Keck telescopes on Mauna Kea have for the first time linked their light to produce an image of a distant star, the W.M. Keck Observatory announced.
		Combining the light is called interferometry, and when used in that way, the two Keck telescopes are called an interferometer.
		The Keck Observatory is funded by Caltech, the University of California and NASA, and is managed by the California Association for Research in Astronomy.
	starbulletin.com /2001/03/15/news/story18.html (504 words)

	SPACE.com -- Giant Telescopes Combine to Form World"s Largest
		The two telescopes are a pair of identical twins called Keck 1 and Keck 2 atop Mauna Kea on the island of Hawaii.
		When the two telescopes' light is combined though, it's as if it was a single unit as large as the 275 feet (85 meters) separating them.
		Since magnifying light after a telescope has collected it is easy, telescope designers have been struggling to maximize the apertures of their instruments.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/keck_inter_010315.html (555 words)

	The Keck Telescopes viewed from the North (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The mirrors of the Keck telescopes can be seen inside the open domes.
		Both telescopes are pointing towards the north - a direction chosen to avoid getting sunlight on the telescope.
		Close-up photographs of the Keck telescopes may be found later in this series.
	www.ifa.hawaii.edu /images/aerial-tour-98/northofkecks.html (55 words)

	NAI News Article: An Astronomy First: Telescopes Double-team Hawaiian Night Sky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Monday night, March 12, starlight from HD61294, a faint star in the constellation Lynx, was captured by both Keck telescopes and transported across a sophisticated optical system across the 275 feet separating the two telescopes.
		The development of the Keck Interferometer is managed by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.
		The W.M. Keck Observatory is funded by Caltech, the University of California, and NASA, and is managed by the California Association for Research in Astronomy, Kamuela, HI.
	nai.arc.nasa.gov /news_stories/news_print.cfm?ID=182 (766 words)

	Keck Telescope, and other Keck Telescope information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Keck Telescope in Hawaii, a joint project of Caltech and the University of...
		The Keck Observatory Vision "A world in which all humankind is inspired and united by the pursuit of knowledge of the infinite variety and richness of the Universe.
		The dome for the 10-m aperture Keck Telescope is smaller than the dome which houses...
	www.maxiscopes.co.uk /directory/keck-telescope.html (419 words)

	Telescopes: The Keck Telescopes
		When the telescope dome’s shutters are opened, the mirror goes through a process of cooling until it reaches the temperature of the night air.
		To minimize the effect of the temperature changes, the buildings around the Keck telescopes were built with giant air conditioners to keep the mirrors the same temperature as the night air.
		The Keck telescopes use a technology that helps reduce the blurriness caused by atmospheric distortion, a constant problem for astronomers.
	amazing-space.stsci.edu /resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/scopes/keck/page3.php?show=true (351 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Twin telescopes team up to sharpen their focus
		The two largest telescopes in the world were linked together this week for the first time, a key step forward for efforts to directly observe extrasolar planets.
		Light from each telescope was directed though an advanced optical system into a tunnel between the two telescopes, where instruments combined the light into a single image with a resolution equivalent to one taken by a telescope 85 meters across, the distance between the two Keck telescopes.
		The Keck interferometer system is able to adjust the light path between the telescopes to within a few millionths of a centimeter.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0103/16keck (1029 words)

	Telescopes double-team Hawaiian night sky
		Monday night, March 12, starlight from HD61294, a faint star in the constellation Lynx, was captured by both Keck telescopes and transported across a sophisticated optical system across the 85 meters (275 feet) separating the two telescopes.
		The development of the Keck Interferometer is managed by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
		The W.M. Keck Observatory is funded by Caltech, the University of California and NASA, and is managed by the California Association for Research in Astronomy, Kamuela, Hawaii.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/2001/keckfringes.html (710 words)

	APOD: July 15, 1996 - Keck: The Largest Optical Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Alone, each is the world's largest optical telescope: Keck.
		Keck II, completed earlier this year, and its twin are located on the dormant volcano Mauna Kea, Hawaii, USA.
		One reason Keck was built was because of the difficultly for astronomers to get funding for a smaller telescope.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap960715.html (161 words)

	The Honolulu Advertiser \| Local News
		Astronomers hope to build a cluster of four small "outrigger" telescopes on the fringes of the two matched Keck 33-foot mirror telescopes atop Mauna Kea, with the goal of using their combined power to develop images of large planets around distant stars.
		The Keck telescopes, their light combined in a technique called interferometry, may be able to do that.
		NASA is financing the Keck outriggers as part of its Origins program, which is aimed at understanding the origin of the universe and seeking out other planets that might be able to support life.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /2001/Jan/21/121localnews16.html (953 words)

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