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	The Forgotten Battles: Congressional Hearings on Television Violence in the 1950s
		While congressional hearings into the matter of television violence have been discussed generally by a number of researchers6, as have specific legislative action in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1990s, little attention has been given to the earliest hearings.
		The 1952 hearings are generally forgotten in history books33, probably because they lacked focus, failed to discuss specific programs with supposedly violent content, failed to generate any subsequent congressional action, and failed to produce an outspoken leader who would continue to pursue the subject in Congress.
		Kefauver asked him, "Then your testimony is that overall you think the violent TV programs or some of our TV programs, [sic] do increase juvenile delinquency?" Dr. Banay replied, "Yes, I believe so."71 Dr. Banay offered no evidence of correlations, experiments with children, or even systematic study of children's behavior, however.
	www.scripps.ohiou.edu /wjmcr/vol02/2-3a-B.htm (7273 words)

	Kefauver hearings - Slider (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Willie Moretti, who had supplied considerable comic relief during the hearings was executed as a result of his candor testimony during the hearings in fear that he was becoming mentally unstable and would potentially reveal secrets of the Syndicate.
		Kefauver became a national hero for exhibiting not only his adept questioning skills of crime figures, but for his low key approach to dealing with them.
		Agreeing to appear at the hearings on the condition that he would not be filmed on television, the cameras were forced to focus only on his hands, which he kept constantly moving, entertaining many while still revealing nothing of himself.
	enc.slider.com.cob-web.org:8888 /Enc/Kefauver_hearings (332 words)

	American Experience \| Las Vegas: An Unconventional History \| People & Events \| PBS
		The Kefauver Committee, as it became commonly known, interviewed hundreds of witnesses in fourteen cities over the course of fifteen months, in the first governmental attempt to expose the extent of the breadth of organized crime in America.
		Kefauver himself was known to be fond of gambling, and committee member Herbert O'Conor was rumored to have ties to the Mafia.
		While the Kefauver hearings did bring the problem of organized crime to the national consciousness, forcing the FBI and the government to publicly admit that such an organization existed, the hearings did relatively little to damage the strength of the Syndicate.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/lasvegas/peopleevents/p_kefauver.html (1057 words)

	Estes Kefauver (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Committee's hearings, which were televised live, made Kefauver nationally famous and introduced Many Americans to the concept of a criminal organization known as the Mafia for the first time ever.
		Although Kefauver would go on to win twelve of the fifteen primaries that were held that year, losing three to "favorite son" candidates, primaries were not, at that time, the main method of delegate selection for the national convention.
		Kefauver's hopes were rekindled, however, when Stevenson decided to let the delegates themselves pick his vice-presidential nominee, instead of having the choice dictated to them.
	estes-kefauver.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (956 words)

	Organized Crime - The Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The period 1929-1951 is framed by two key events in the history of law enforcement: prohibition and the Kefauver hearings.
		Yet, even though agencies like the FBI spent years fighting individual gangsters, it was not until the Kefauver hearings of 1950 and 51 that the national scope of the mafia was officially recognized.
		Kefauver sought the vice-presidential nomination in 1952 and 1956.
	www.ardecol.ac-grenoble.fr /english/agreg/law.htm (801 words)

	Army-McCarthy Hearings
		Broadcast "gavel to gavel" on the ABC and DuMont networks from 22 April to 17 June 1954, the Army-McCarthy hearings were the first nationally televised congressional inquiry and a landmark in the emergent nexus between television and American politics.
		Though the Kefauver Crime Committee hearings of March 1951 can claim priority as a congressional TV show, and subsequent political spectacles (the Watergate hearings, The Iran Contra hearings, The Thomas-Hill hearings) would rivet the attention of later generations of televiewers, the Army-McCarthy hearings remain the genre prototype for sheer theatricality and narrative unity.
		The Army-McCarthy hearings were a television milestone not only because of the inherent significance of the event covered but because television coverage itself was crucial to the meaning, and unfolding, of events.
	www.museum.tv /archives/etv/A/htmlA/army-mccarthy/army-mccarthy.htm (924 words)

	The Business of Baseball :: The Celler Hearings (1957) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Senator Kefauver: Have you, in your 20 years’ experience, ever been dissatisfied with your salary or with the team where you were going to be sent to play?
		Senator Kefauver: You testified, I believe, before the Celler committee that you thought a 10-year limit on the reserve clause might be a good thing.
		Senator Kefauver: You once recommended, I believe, a limit on the length of the reserve clause.
	www.businessofbaseball.com /cellerhearings2.htm (1804 words)

	Estes Kefauver - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carey Estes Kefauver (July 26, 1903–August 10, 1963) was an American politician from Tennessee who opposed the continued concentration of U.S. economic and political power in fewer and fewer hands.
		Kefauver's subcommittee also held hearings on the pharmaceutical industry between 1959 and 1963 which led to enactment of his most famous legislative achievement, the Kefauver-Harris Drug Act of 1962, after Kefauver expressed shock about the excess profits that U.S. drug companies were taking in at the expense of U.S. consumers.
		In 1962, Kefauver, who had become known to the public at large as the chief enemy of crooked businessmen in the Senate, introduced legislation which would eventually pass into law as the Kefauver-Harris Drug Control Act.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Estes_Kefauver (1916 words)

	Rick Porrello's - AmericanMafia.com - Allan May, Organized Crime Historian and Journalist
		The Kefauver Committee members were still questioning the New Jersey mobster, who the newspapers the next day reported was a “telegenic hit.” Although he had small support groups on Short Vincent rooting for him, there was little doubt that the Cleveland audience was getting ready for the appearance of the hometown boys.
		Kefauver stated that the arrest would be unnecessary because Kleinman and Rothkopf were already under arrest for not accepting the subpoenas in Cleveland.
		Senator Estes Kefauver resigned as chairman of the committee and in 1956 was the Democratic nominee for vice president.
	www.americanmafia.com /Allan_May_1-10-00.html (1576 words)

	Online NewsHour: Campaigns Under Scrutiny - A Historical look at Congressional Investigations -- July 21, 1997
		At the time of those hearings McCarthy was really at a peak of power, and his power had had a terrible influence on the country, lost reputations, fllisting, lost careers.
		I think the Kefauver hearings put a spotlight on organized crime and left in its wake anti-crime organizations in the local areas.
		Something that is different about hearings recently is that they tend to run in a track with criminal investigations, so you have both a congressional hearing and a criminal investigation.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/campaign/july97/historians_7-21.html (2289 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / How America Met the Mob
		Kefauver wavered at first, but in the end he declared flatly, “A national crime syndicate does exist in the United States of America.…” The mob was, in fact, a “second government” of pervasive power.
		He told the Kefauver committee that if state and local laws were properly enforced, gambling would be eliminated “within forty-eight hours.” Having kept his agency clear of the debacle of Prohibition, Hoover had long preached against turning the FBI into a national police force.
		Kefauver would claim that his most important function was as a Cassandra, alerting the public to the hidden menace of the mob.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/2000/4/2000_4_76.shtml (5564 words)

	Ron Schuler's Parlour Tricks: 'Kefauver Hearings' (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A track star and student newspaper editor at the University of Tennessee, Kefauver returned to his home state after Yale Law school to practice in Chattanooga, where he entered politics by organizing a local government reform movement and securing an appointment as chairman of the local planning board.
		Unbeknownst to the public, Kefauver apparently had a gargantuan sexual appetite and frequently had his staff procure prostitutes for him during his lecture and campaign tours -- ironically enough, since prostitution was a subject his committee investigations also touched upon.
		Kefauver died on August 10, 1963 in Bethesda, Maryland, after collapsing from a heart attack on the Senate floor.
	rsparlourtricks.blogspot.com.cob-web.org:8888 /2006/07/kefauver-hearings.html (433 words)

	The Medical Messiahs: Chapter 19
		An illuminating account of the Kefauver hearings and of the legislative history of the Kefauver bill, written from a position of sympathy with the Tennessee Senator's objectives, is Richard Harris, The Real Voice (N.Y., 1964).
		Kefauver bearings, Parts 22 and 23, are concerned with the Welch case, John Lear, "The Certification of Antibiotics," Sat.
		Humphrey hearings, Parts I and 2, are concerned with the thalidomide case, and contain not only testimony but a vast assortment of documents, including reprinting of comment from magazines and the press.
	www.quackwatch.org /13Hx/MM/19.html (4793 words)

	Frank Costello
		In 1951, the Kefauver hearings took place, and Frank was called to testify before the Senate about his involvement in the Mafia.
		The hearings were televised, and Costello used his large pool of influence to ensure that the cameras would not show his face.
		Congress began the Kefauver hearings to get to the bottom of the organized crime problem and even Frank's massive sphere of influence could not keep him out of the proceedings, nor out of prison for contempt afterwards.
	www.rotten.com /library/bio/crime/mafia/frank-costello (701 words)

	1954 Senate Interim Report - Comic Books and Juvenile Delinquency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Members of the subcommittee have emphatically stated at public hearings that freedom of speech and freedom of the press are not at issue.
		This estimate is slightly different from the estimate prepared by the staff of the subcommitte prior to the New York hearings on April 21 and 22, 1954.
		Following the hearings of the subcommittee on the effects of crime and horror comic books and intensified community action throughout the country in protesting to objectionable comic books, establishment of the Comics Magazine Association of America was announced.
	www.collectortimes.com /~comichistory/kefauver.html (19583 words)

	Kefauver Hearings
		Carey Estes Kefauver was chairman of the Special Committee on Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce, referred to as the "Kefauver Committee." He was a Democrat from Tennessee who had been elected to the House 1939-49, and would serve in the Senate 1949-63.
		The hearings began in May 1950 and lasted for 15 months, held sessions in 14 cities, and questioned 800 witnesses.
		The hearings popularized the legend of a highly-organized crime family called the "mafia" imported from Sicily.
	history.sandiego.edu /gen/filmnotes/kefauver.html (553 words)

	CPUSA Online - Pharmaceutical Industry: Rx for Profit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Kefauver said the evidence compiled during that investigation was massive and damning: “What we are confronted with in the ethical (prescription) drug industry is the existence of prices which, by any test and under any standard, are excessive.”
		Kefauver traced the central cause of exorbitant drug pricing to the U.S. system of granting two forms of patents to drug companies: one on products and the other on the processes and methods used to manufacture them.
		None of Kefauver’s recommendations were adopted, with the result that, for the last 42 years, American consumers have paid countless billions of dollars in tribute to drug companies.
	www.cpusa.org /article/articleview/319/1/3 (1745 words)

	The Senate Investigation
		Robert Hendrickson was the chairman of the Senate subcommittee during the period in which the committee held its comic book hearings, but the committee is often referred to as the Kefauver committee, and when the 1954 elections returned control of Congress to the Democrats, Kefauver was given the chairmanship of the juvenile delinquency subcommittee.
		Kefauver, a Tennessee lawyer who was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1939, ran a successful race for a Senate seat in 1948.
		As is the case with most congressional hearings, staff members for the juvenile delinquency subcommittee conducted an extensive background investigation before the actual hearings began.
	www.crimeboss.com /history03-1.html (1845 words)

	TomRoeser.com
		It meant sure political death if Kefauver lost the primary for no one would be as dead as Popovich for seeking to assassinate a king-Humphrey, who was at the zenith of his power-and who failed.
		At the windup, Kefauver’s slate of unknown delegates defeated the well-known liberals including Humphrey and Freeman by 245,885 to 186,723.
		Kefauver went to see Humphrey who was in Sam Rayburn’s private room in back of the convention platform.
	www.tomroeser.com /blogs/blogview.asp?blogID=22426 (2301 words)

	The History of Drug Regulation in the United States
		A push for revisions of the drug statutes emerged from hearings into the practices of the pharmaceutical industry by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee, which began in 1959.
		Though the Kefauver hearings started out as an investigation of the cost of medicines in America, other issues soon came under scrutiny, such as advertising abuses, questionable efficacy of drugs, and the lack of regulation in these areas.
		The thalidomide tragedy resurrected Kefauver's bill to enhance drug regulation that had stalled in Congress, and the Kefauver-Harris Amendments became law on October 10, 1962.
	www.fda.gov /Cder/centennial/history.htm (3819 words)

	Why the Federal Government Must Regulate Adoption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee held a series of oversight hearings in the Senate Judiciary Committee.
		In those hearings, Sen. Kefauver took testimony from birthparents, adoptive parents and adoptees.
		Around the same time Sen. Kefauver was conducting his landmark hearings, birthmothers in Ireland and Irish officials were making a series of alarming discoveries.
	www.americanadoptioncongress.org /hoganarticle.htm (1874 words)

	U.S. Senate: Art & History Home > Historical Minutes > 1941-1963 > Kefauver Crime Committee Launched
		In April 1950, the body of a Kansas City gambling kingpin was found in a Democratic clubhouse, slumped beneath a large portrait of President Harry S. Truman.
		Although the hearings boosted Chairman Kefauver's political prospects, they helped to end the 12-year Senate career of Democratic Majority Leader Scott Lucas.
		The Kefauver Committee and the Politics of Crime, 1950-1952.
	www.senate.gov /artandhistory/history/minute/Kefauver_Crime_Committee_Launched.htm (456 words)

	12/3/2005 - Remembering Sen. Estes Kefauver - Memories - Chattanoogan.com
		While in the Senate, Kefauver gains national attention as a reformer in committee hearings on organized crime, monopolies, and special interests.
		Kefauver has introduced an amendment to a NASA appropriations bill to require that Comsat reimburse the federal government for applicable costs of research and development.
		There are many more details in “Estes Kefauver: A Biography.” Particularly interesting to me were the accounts of Kefauver’s various Chattanooga connections, including places he lived and worked, and interaction with other local political figures of his day.
	www.chattanoogan.com /articles/article_76782.asp (946 words)

	RFK Hoffa
		Ever since the Kefauver hearings in 1951, the public had been at least dimly aware that labor was being infiltrated by the mob.
		Kefauver had capitalized on his organized crime hearings to become the running mate on a losing ticket in 1956.
		Hearings that publicized the depth of union corruption hardly seemed like a way to make friends in the labor movement....
	www.orwelltoday.com /rfkhoffa.shtml (6038 words)

	Wild Shots in the War on Crime, by Rufus King
		In the first twelve volumes of the Kefauver hearings there are 300 committee-initiated references to Frank Costello (and even two to his mother!).
		What these national crime commission proposals amount to is the spectacle of the government itself attempting to set up, by its own authority, an independent private agency to prod it along in the discharge of the very duties it should never have been allowed to neglect or ignore in the first place.
		Kefauver, as has been noted, concentrated his attention on what he called "the Mob," or "the crime syndicate," until near the end of his hearings, when he suddenly began pushing Mafia.
	www.druglibrary.org /special/king/wildshots.htm (11776 words)

	HOME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Drury is cooperating with Sen. Estes Kefauver’s committee hearings into organized crime.
		Further, all of his notebooks and other records that would be of value for testifying before the Kefauver Committee disappear.
		This is not so much a famous crime as, the author points out in an afterword, a famous time in crime, what with the Kefauver and McCarthy hearings being conducted.
	www.deadlypleasures.com /ROTW75.htm (487 words)

	Craig DePalma Goes Back To Jail
		The Kefauver Committee was an interesting milestone in the fight against organized crime.
		Kefauver's Special Committee to Investigate Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce held hearings from March 1950 to May 1951.
		While Kefauver's Committee actually poked around the edges of La Cosa Nostra without gaining a clear picture, it did contribute to the misleading notion that the Mafia controlled all organized crime in the country.
	www.ganglandnews.com /column95.htm (1622 words)

	The New York Review of Books: KEFAUVER
		Toward the end of his life the late Senator Kefauver became increasingly concerned with getting to a wider audience the results of his inquiry into administered prices, which except for some aspects of the hearings on drugs and steel, had gone largely unreported by the press.
		Gass simply ignores the data placed in the record by Senator Kefauver showing that the U. steel producers not only enjoy a marked advantage over their European rivals with respect to materials costs but that their higher hourly wage rates appear to be offset by the greater productivity of the U. mills.
		Gass, Senator Kefauver did support the reduction of taxes on automobile imports; he did hold extensive hearings on Senator O'Mahoney's price notification bill; and his preference for competition over regulation stemmed not from naive Populism but from a sophisticated awareness of what tends to happen to regulatory agencies.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/12927 (989 words)

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