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Topic: Keiretsu

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	Japanese Keiretsu Business Syste
		Keiretsu systems still exists in Japan but their dominant role in the Japanese economy seems to be on the decline.
		The 1990s proved to be the greatest test of the keiretsu system’s ability to protect and support its members during times of crisis and based on the result the system seemed largely incapable of this task.
		Keiretsu systems have proven vulnerable in the past and it is clear that these supportive and protective systems cannot keep them completely isolated for foreign intrusion.
	www.indiana.edu /~ealc100/Group10/Corporate_Japan.htm (1934 words)

	Congressional Research Service
		The keiretsu were one of the targets of the Structural Impediments Initiative talks and follow-up actions between the United States and Japan in 1989-92.
		In-Group Purchases by Horizontal keiretsu The Japanese government response to this debate on the effect of the keiretsu on imports has been to emphasize that it does not matter which side is correct because the results of buying activities of the keiretsu firms are not discriminatory.
		Keiretsu structures have worked well for Japanese industry partly because of historical development and partly because for certain industries, it can be a superior way to structure business ties.
	www.fas.org /man/crs/94-82e.htm (8897 words)

	Naoyuki Hashimoto
		The word keiretsu, a broad concept in itself that cannot be grasped easily, is interpreted in various ways and has generated a great deal of debate, often involving political motives.
		These results show that vertical keiretsu formation impedes imports but at the same time is economically practical in the sense that it improves the international competitiveness of keiretsu corporations (the dilemma position).
		The horizontal keiretsu listed are the same as the 1986-87 version, while the vertical keiretsu not only increased in number but also changed significantly in terms of content.
	homepage.mac.com /naoyuki_hashimoto/Papers_site/keiretsu_eng.html (2758 words)

	Keiretsu
		The main aim of this type of Keiretsu is to force retailers to carry out the interests of the producers through their nonrip".
		Keiretsu are evidence of Japan's basic nature, and although Japanese capitalism is so very different from the west it is the one vehicle which ensures Japan's success.
		Because the nation is lashed together by a web of informal cartels as well as the Keiretsu the Japanese believe that these arrangements maintain the security of the nation, provide full employment and distribute the burden of risks of all sorts.
	www.staffs.ac.uk /schools/business/bscourse/jbe/jbea4.htm (1548 words)

	Keiretsu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The major keiretsu were each centred around one bank, which lent money to the keiretsu's member companies and held equity positions in the companies.
		Nissan, Hitachi and their affiliates have had a longstanding keiretsu relationship dating to their prewar existence as part of the same zaibatsu; the Hankyu-Toho Group is an even closer relationship within a keiretsu.
		There is a Keiretsu Forum in America, which describes itself as the largest network of angel investors in the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Keiretsu (808 words)

	Keiretsu Forum Seattle/Northwest
		Keiretsu Forum members are accredited investors as that term is defined in Regulation D under the 1933 Act and under other applicable securities laws and regulations.
		Keiretsu Forum Seattle/Northwest is the home of swarm intelligence, the result of a culmination of years of investing experience woven among a myriad of business and entrepreneurial backgrounds.
		Keiretsu Forum Seattle/Northwest is also about being a collective force for good in building our region, both through philanthropic giving as well as the lending of time and talents to develop our community.
	www.k4seattle.com /join.htm (377 words)

	[No title]
		A keiretsu is a grouping or family of affiliated companies that form a tight-knit alliance to work toward each other's mutual success.
		Some keiretsu concepts have no American parallel such as "general trading company." The keiretsu system is one of the profound differences between Japanese and US business structures.
		Keiretsu operate globally and are integrated both vertically and horizontally.
	www.busn.ucok.edu /dgoudge/keiretsu.ppt (265 words)

	Amtrak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Keiretsu, a term used to describe the largest of Japan’s conglomerates, were once praised with pulling the island nation out of the destruction of World War II.
		In short, a keiretsu is a closely but often informally linked group of companies that coordinate their strategies and performance to achieve collective success.
		Keiretsu is a vital component in the closely-intertwined Japanese economic and social model.
	www.belakhov.com /projects/keiretsu.html (5197 words)

	A O U - Keiretsu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		I'm convinced the Japanese "powers that be" ('keiretsu' in Japanese) would never take the chance of any agricultural import relaxation, no matter how severe the cost to their population, for fear of spreading the lowering of barriers to other segments of their economy where they are extremely vulnerable.
		Keiretsu is the process where companies are interlocked via stock ownership to each other.
		Ironically, the very system (keiretsu) that helped Japan to become a "Super Competitor" and consequently wealthy, will be the same one that will hold the domestic Japanese population hostage to ever higher prices, and an ever lower standard of liv ing.
	www.exit109.com /~gosta/keiretsu.sht (4023 words)

	CT 6/97 THE KEIRETSU IN JAPAN'S ECONOMY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Certain characteristics of keiretsu organization and behavior may be applicable to an analysis of their effect on market access in Asia.
		The keiretsu are a key feature of Japan's economy, directly or indirectly affecting economic transactions in both upstream and downstream channels, within and across industries.
		Vertical keiretsu are generally found in the auto, steel, and electronics industries and are characterized by extensive subcontracting networks.
	pubs.acs.org /hotartcl/chemtech/97/jun/keir.html (559 words)

	The Nature of Keiretsu
		There are six large horizontal Keiretsu that account for some 18% of the total net profits of all Japanese business and nearly 17% of total sales, hold over 14% of total paid up capital and employs almost 5% of the work force.
		A vertical Keiretsu is usually based around a main company, this company, through long term agreements and other ties will organise and to a certain extent, control the companies in the Keiretsu.
		A major problem for the Keiretsu is the appreciation of their value of the Yen and the accompanying economic downturn.
	www.staffs.ac.uk /schools/business/bscourse/jbe/s7.htm (1760 words)

	CT 6/97 Japanese corporate activities in Asia
		Keiretsu structure and organization have been the subject of previous trade negotiations between the United States and Japan.
		To the extent that keiretsu structures and exclusive interfirm transactions are found to be associated with Japanese FDI in Asia, these concerns may be heightened and U.S. policy makers may be pressured by U.S. businesses to respond.
		The connections between Japanese keiretsu and local economies will make it more difficult to distinguish the actual origins of market access problems, which could be attributed to transplanted keiretsu practices, indigenous practices, or the practices of local firms that have been integrated into the keiretsu.
	pubs.acs.org /hotartcl/chemtech/97/jun/jap.html (2591 words)

	PRESS RELEASE National Angel Investor Group Keiretsu Forum to Form New Chapter in Los Angeles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Keiretsu Forum is the Nation's fastest growing angel investment community, with more than 300 members throughout its network of chapters reaching from Hawaii to Boston.
		Keiretsu Forum was founded in the San Francisco Bay Area in late 2000 to address the need to share experience and knowledge among angel investors from diverse backgrounds in order to make better investment decisions.
		Keiretsu is a North American network of capital resources and deal flow with chapters in Northern California (San Francisco East Bay and Silicon Valley), Southern California (Westlake Village, Long Beach and Los Angeles), Boston/New England, Chicago/Midwest, Hawaii/Pacific Rim and Calgary, Canada.
	www.marketwire.com /mw/release_html_b1?release_id=76908 (923 words)

	All hail the Kleiner keiretsu--not! \| Perspectives \| CNET News.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Keiretsu is the brainchild of Kleiner Perkins Caulfield & Byers, the powerful venture capital firm that was thought to have the Midas touch in its ability to spot talented companies and make boatloads of money by investing in them.
		Japan's keiretsu was based on a system more than a century old that grew out of that country's feudal society.
		Japan's keiretsu conglomerates, on the other hand, became sluggishly bloated and have been collapsing under the weight of their own unchecked growth.
	news.com.com /All+...+the+Kleiner+keiretsu--not/2010-1071_3-281592.html (1217 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Japanese keiretsu in the late 20th century are descendants of the pre-war zaibatsu, which were characterized by close, long-term business relationships between its members.
		Keiretsu firms are linked to one another through a network of formal and informal ties including cross share holdings, time honored buyer-supplier arrangements, interlocking corporate directorates, interchange of personnel between member firms, and the sharing of information concerning product development and distribution.
		While keiretsu do have some positive aspects such as cost reduction and quality control, stemming from long-term relationships, their collusive and exclusionary nature act as an impediment to foreign market access.
	usinfo.org /trade/language/k.txt (275 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Keiretsu
		Ownership structure, agency costs, specialization, and efficiency: analysis of Keiretsu and independent insurers in the Japanese nonlife insurance industry.
		The effect of Keiretsu affiliation and resource dependencies on supplier firm performance in the Japanese automobile industry.
		Understanding the Japanese keiretsu: overlaps between corporate governance and industrial organization.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Keiretsu (284 words)

	Keiretsu Forum Seattle/Northwest
		Keiretsu Forum Seattle/Northwest Chapter announces the Keiretsu Forum Murder Mystery Weekend at Cave B Winery on November 17-19th.
		The members of the Keiretsu Forum have founded a non-profit counterpart, the Keiretsu Forum Northwest Charitable Foundation to encourage charitable giving among members and friends of the Keiretsu Forum.
		The Keiretsu Forum Charitable Foundation elevates the awareness of giving within the Keiretsu Forum and supports the causes with which its members are actively involved.
	www.k4seattle.com (296 words)

	Keiretsu - The Ninja Pager Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Keiretsu is a demonstration of the Ninja Internet services architecture from the UC Berkeley Computer Science Division.
		Keiretsu is an instant-messaging service built on top of Ninja, similar in vein to ICQ and other such applications.
		Soon we hope to have a permanent Keiretsu server running (once we have the machines!) and for you to use the service it will be a simple matter of running one of the clients (and optionally running an Active Proxy).
	www.eecs.harvard.edu /~mdw/proj/old/ninja/keiretsu.html (348 words)

	Pacific Region Forum: Networking in Japan: the Case of Keiretsu
		In his talk to the Forum, Dr Richard Wright described: the nature of the keiretsu; the mechanisms which integrate the affiliated companies within each major group; the key role of the major bank which operates at the core of each group; and the consequences for Canadian investors, business partners, and competitors.
		The role of the main bank which exists at the heart of each keiretsu is qualitatively different from the role of the commercial bank in Canada, the United States, or almost any European country where the bank lends money to a company in which it has no direct ownership, involvement, or commercial interaction.
		Whether the bank or the securities company sits at the centre of Japanese keiretsu, the power of these groups is likely to remain for the long term, and to have profound consequences for Canadians.
	www.cic.sfu.ca /forum/wright.html (2023 words)

	Keiretsu Forum \| Charitable Foundations
		The members of the Keiretsu Forum have founded a non-profit counterpart, the Keiretsu Forum Charitable Foundation to encourage charitable giving among members and friends of the Keiretsu Forum.
		The Keiretsu Forum Charitable Foundation supports the causes in which Keiretsu Forum members are actively involved.
		Keiretsu Forum donated a container of wheelchairs (280 chairs) to the Wheelchair Foundation at the December Forum meeting.
	www.k4forum.com /charitable/index.html (608 words)

	: keirestu : [ live breakbeat fusionism ] : (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		formed in feburary 2000, keiretsu intended to be a 100%-live drumnbass collective, but the band soon diversified to incorporate influences ranging from folk to psytrance, breakbeat to funky jazz, ambient to rock'n'roll.
		keiretsu founded and manage d:art recordings to oversee the band and the myriad musical projects of its members.
		keiretsu MC and guitarist Temper D and K-Fire have recently stormed the drumnbass world with tracks like "Project Mayhem", "Deflector", "The Decision" and their remix of keiretsu's "Ultrakinetic" casuing serious damage on dancefloors worldwide.
	www.dartrecordings.co.uk /keiretsu/bio.php (637 words)

	Should We Join a Keiretsu?
		In the group-oriented culture of Japan, the keiretsu is an established network of essentially captive suppliers meeting the raw material, parts and component requirements of dominant manufacturers.
		The good news is that the keiretsu gives the supplier — the smaller business — a guaranteed customer, an assured price structure, predictable production and delivery schedules, clear quality and performance standards, and insulation from direct interactions with the marketplace.
		While it may be paid lip service, supplier innovation inevitably lags when one is shielded from the marketplace; the suppliers' survival may not be dependent upon being positioned at the leading edge of their fields.
	www.businessforum.com /keiretsu.html (680 words)

	Keiretsu dynasties give way to global changes \| CNET News.com
		TOKYO--Staring out the window from the heights of NEC's corporate headquarters here, a visitor is flooded with impressions: oceans of skyscrapers extending in all directions, thousands of trains and taxis, the looming mass of Mount Fuji in the distance--and countless rows of desks of quiet employees toiling deep into the night.
		These efforts are part of a once-unthinkable shift in Japanese corporate direction that's questioning the relevance of the system of business that evolved from the country's feudal roots: keiretsu, an oligarchy that encouraged subsidiaries of a conglomerate to give contracts to sister companies.
		As recently as five years ago, nearly 70 percent of contracts were awarded to related subsidiaries, according to the Japan External Trade Organization.
	news.com.com /Keiretsu+dynasties+...+changes/2009-1041_3-5471874.html (794 words)

	: keiretsu : [ live breakbeat fusionism ] : (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Two parts London Elektricity, one part Rage Against The Machine with a trace of Reprazent, d&b outfit Keiretsu are currently doing their reputation no harm at all with a rockin' set of funk guitar licks, socially concious raps, triumphant trumpets and even live flute sections.
		Category-defying, sense-assaulting and displaying a ceaseless invention, the biggest compliment you can pay Keiretsu is that for an hour and a half you are transported from the damp squib of what passes as a Scottish summer to some hazy, sun-kissed euphoria.
		"[keiretsu's] third CD release, Timestorm, is nothing short of magical, affirming that this North-East 10-piece is one of the most original, daring and gifted unsigned bands in the UK.
	www.keiretsumusic.com /press.php (1216 words)

	The Rise and Fall of The 'Keiretsus' in Japan \| Economics Case Studies Collection
		The case is about Keiretsu, a unique Japanese management and holding structure that was established after the World War II.
		The case examines what a Keiretsu is, how this unique structure emerged, the advantages that this structure provided to the Japanese companies and the contribution of Keiretsu to the growth of the Japanese economy.
		Keiretsu refers to the framework of relationships among Japanese companies that was organized around a common bank for their mutual benefit after the World War II.
	icmr.icfai.org /casestudies/catalogue/Economics/ECON012.htm (795 words)

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