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Topic: Kel Ajjer

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	Tuareg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tuareg (sometimes spelled Touareg in French, or Twareg in English) are a Berber ethnic group or nation.
		Kel Ayr, Asode, Agadez, In Gal, Timia and Ifrwan.
		They combine Sunni Islam (specifically the Maliki madhhab, popular in North and West Africa) with certain pre-Islamic animistic beliefs, including spirits of nature (Kel Asuf) and such syncretic beliefs as divination through means of the Qur'an.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tuareg (1774 words)

	'That Desert is Our Country'
		The Kel Tamasheq attitude towards their incorporation within the new state was, in the eyes of the Malian political elite, as threatening as before independence.
		While the Keita regime perceived the Kel Tamasheq as white, anarchist, feudal, lazy, pro-slavery nomads who needed to be civilised, the Kel Tamasheq elite saw the Malian politicians as fl, incompetent, untrustworthy slaves in disguise who came to usurp power.
		Thus, all white Tamasheq are perceived to be noble, which they are not, and all fl Kel Tamasheq are seen as of lower status which, again, is not the case, not even when one sees race in Tamasheq society as purely socially constructed.
	www.lecocq.nl /thesis (1800 words)

	YWAM Sahara - Tuareg
		Individually the tribes are recognised by area of origin or language: Kel Tamasheq (meaning the people who speak Tamasheq), Kel Tamashek, Kel Ajjer, Kel Tamahaq and there are other dialects and names they call themselves.
		For the purposes of this profile we will refer to the overall people group as the Kel T. Although there are traits of the Tuareg culture that evidence earlier contact with Christians before the rise of Islam, the Tuareg have long been known as Muslims.
		With the efforts of Kel T Christians to reach out to their own people in recent years, new breakthroughs are occuring and some are finding new life in Christ.
	www.gosahara.org /kel.html (1285 words)

	Kel ahaggar, moissanite - MOOK???????:??> ????> ??> ?????
		The example of the Kel Ahaggar, Lecture held for the ÖOG/HP, University of Graz June 1989: Lecture on Nomadism at a seminar of the University of Graz
		Musa Ag Amastan was the Amenokal or chief of the Kel Ahaggar Tuareg in 1900.
		The Kel Ahaggar and the Kel Ajjer live in southern Algeria, and some Kel Ajjer live in Libya near the Algerian frontier.
	moissanite.yoursuperengine.com /q/moissanite-kel-ahaggar.htm (581 words)

	Tuareg - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Each of the main groups had a traditional leader called Amenokal, along with an assembly of tribal chiefs: "Imgharan", singular "Amghar." The groups were: Kel-Ahaggar, Ajjer, Kel-Ayr, Adrar N'Fughas, Iwellemidan, Kel Gres.
		The Tuareg are predominantly Muslim, though lax in observance, more inclined to observe feasts than fasts.
		They combine Maliki Islam (based on the teachings of the 16th-century imam, Malik bin Anas) with certain pre-Islamic animistic beliefs, such as the presence of spirits Kel Asuf and such syncretic beliefs as divination through means of the Koran.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Tuareg (1201 words)

	DOLLS3
		Among the Tuareg Kel Ahaggar of the Algerian Sahara and the Tuareg Kel Ajjer of the Algerian and Libyan Sahara, the boys and girls make dromedaries with the jawbone of a goat or a sheep.
		Foley (1930: 47) concerning the Tuareg Kel Ahaggar and Cortier (1908: 310) concerning the Tuareg Kel Iforas, mention that the male dolls made by the boys are married to the girls’ female dolls in the customary way.
		A male doll of a Tuareg Kel Iforas child wears a multicolored trouser, an indigo blue blouse, a bandoleer and a belt of green, red and white woolen threads.
	filarkiv.sitrec.kth.se /pub2003/dolls2003/dolls7.htm (6502 words)

	Touareg : The forgotten poeple (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		This difference in view permits the nobles to justify their domination over the vassal: by holding that Takama was Tin-Hinan's servant, while the vassals conceive that class relationships should be marked by the same respect as between a young girl and her older sister.
		The vassal tribes are known as Imrad or Kel Ulli, literally meaning people of the goats, because of their economic dependence on goat breeding in distinction from camel breeding.
		At that time, the Berbers, who lived in the regions of Ajjer, Ahaggar and Adrar-n-Iforas, were dominated by the noble tribe Imunan, who alleged to be descendants of the Prophet.
	amazighworld.net /studies/articles/forgotten_poeple.php (5510 words)

	Saharan Forts [1] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Gabriel Gardel, led the Ajjer group of the Compagnie Saharienne du Tidikelt under Capt. Charlet.
		He was deeply interested in the Tuareg, and his copious notes on the Kel Ajjer were finally edited and published posthumously in 1961.
		At that time it was an important staging-post between Illizi and the northern oases; Captain Charlet did much to improve the water supply, and encouraged the Tuareg to grow vegetables and to make leather and embroidered articles for sale in northern markets.
	www.manntaylor.com /forts.html (842 words)

	Emazighen Scandinavia / The animal in the tuareg children's play... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		This toy dromedary was carved by a Tuareg Kel Ajjer child from the Algerian Sahara in the 1950s.
		It is a saddled dromedary, of 27 cm height, mounted by a dromedarist or warrior of 16 cm height.
		The mounted dromedary of figure 6 (total height 14 cm) was created by a Tuareg Kel Ajjer child from the Algerian Sahara and collected in Djanet in 1934-1935.
	www.emazighen.com /article.php3?id_article=95 (1645 words)

	World Wide Azawakhs - Abis GB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		In the past, these ethnic groups have adopted ways and customs of the dominating Touareg people and learned to communicate in their language, the Tamachek.
		Therefore, they felt part of the "Kel Tamachek", the cultural community of the Touareg.
		Insofar, Azawakhs are "Touareg sighthounds", and it was indeed the upper cast of the Oullimiden-Touareg which prided itself in breeding the most perfect dogs, the Oskas or Idi-Idi.
	www.wwazawakh.com /abisgb.html (2088 words)

	UEA Saharan Studies Programme: publication details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The Tuareg of Algeria, the Kel Ahaggar and Kel Ajjer, were traditionally nomadic pastoralists.
		In 1962, at the time of Algerian independence, an estimated 90% of them (Kel Ahaggar) were living a predominantly nomadic existence.
		The article explores the nature and survival of nomadism in Ahaggar (and Ajjer) from traditional, pre-colonial times, to the present day.
	www.uea.ac.uk /sahara/publications/jk03f.html (237 words)

	THE BERBERS OF NORTH AFRICA
		The terrible droughts of the 70s and 80s have hit them hard killing most of their livestock and forcing many of them to look for jobs in farming, trade and industry.
		The Tuaregs live in tribal confederations that include the tribes of the Ahaggar and Ajjer mountains in the north, and the Asben, Ifora, Itesen, Aulliminden and Kel-Tademaket in the southern steppes and savannahs.
		The southerners breed zebu cattle and camels, the northerners mainly goats.
	www.angelfire.com /az/rescon/mgcberbr.html (7170 words)

	óô$T [II:1021b] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		of the Sahara among the Touareg Ajjer on the frontier between the
		Tanezzouft, whose valley lies in a north-south direction between the bank of primary sandstone on the side of the Tadrart in the east and the similar plateaus of the Tassili of the Ajjer in the west.
		It owes its existence to the richness and shallowness of the phreatic underground water-level and to its situation on the route of the ancient trans-Sahara track which, coming from Kano, Zinder and Agadès, [II:1022b] leads towards southern Tunisia by way of Ghadamès, and to Tripoli either via Ghadamès or via the
	www.encislam.brill.nl /data/EncIslam/S5/SIM-2475.html (721 words)

	Richard L. Smith \| What Happened to the Ancient Libyans? Chasing Sources across the Sahara from Herodotus to Ibn ...
		The Fezzan region of southwest Libya was known as "targa" (the garden), and during Ibn Khaldun's time, the Targa (Tarja) was one of the subdivisions of the Sanhaja who occupied part of the desert that included the Fezzan.
		Whatever the real story behind the formation of a group like the Lamtuna, a large measure of their self-identity came from the commonly held belief that their eponymous ancestor was a woman named Lamtuna, and thus they were related "by blood" to each other.
		Garama, or Jarma to the Arabs, was still considered to be the capital of the Fezzan when the first Islamic armies arrived in 643, but the days of the Garamantes were numbered.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jwh/14.4/smith.html (15808 words)

	Pre-colonial African History
		They are estimated to number almost one million and their political organizations extend across national boundaries.
		The Tuareg consist of confederations including the Ahaggar (Hoggar) and Azjer (Ajjer) in the north and the Asben (Aïr Tuareg), Ifora, Itesen (Kel Geres), Aulliminden, and Kel Tademaket in the south.
		Tuareg society is traditionally feudal, ranging from nobles, through clergy, vassals, and artisans, to laborers (once slaves).
	berclo.net /page99/99en-afr-notes.html (2115 words)

	H-Net Review: Kristyne Loughran on The Tuaregs: The Blue People
		[2] The largest group lives in Niger and includes the Kel Azawagh (or Eastern Iwellemmedan), the Kel Ayr and the Kel Geres.
		The Tuareg who live in Mali include the Kel Adghagh (or Adrar), the Kel Ensar (formerly Kel Tadamakat), and the Western Iwellemmedan.
		According to Prasse, these legends suggest the Tuareg of southern Algeria came from Libya and Morocco, and the Kel Ayr and Kel Geres have Libyan origins.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=5673875290498 (1865 words)

	Wittgenstein Preis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Libya´s propagated nationalism, Muammar al-Qaddafis politics of the African Union, the integration of minorities into the Libyan state, recent migration movements as well as local cultural and social conceptions of affiliation result in a field of discrepancies, in which boundaries are dissolved, melted, redeveloped, shifted or reconstructed.
		By the example of Tuareg living in south Libya (Kel Ajjer and Ishomar), the boundary as an instrument of separation as well as an instrument of agency is brought up for discussion.
		Political, economic and sociocultural boundaries create different areas of action, in which, depending on the context, other conceptions of affiliation and loyality operate.
	www.wittgenstein2000.at /projekte/nahost/e_nahost_kohl.html (195 words)

	Literatur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Die Imzadmusik der Kel- Ahaggar- Frauen in Südalgerien.
		Rasmussen, Susan J. Spirit Possesion and Personhood among the Kel Ewey Tuareg.
		Soziale Schichtung und gesellschaftlicher Wandel bei den Ajjer- Twareg in Südostalgerien.
	www.petrabode.privat.t-online.de /buch.htm (628 words)

	Journal of North African Studies - Abstracts
		It argues that the ‘Tuareg problem’ of today is not only a conceptually different social construct to the ‘Tuareg problem’ of the 1960s, but that its continued use as an analytical tool is of questionable value.
		This article examines the changing roles and significance of descent and matrilineality in the social organisation of the Kel Ahaggar Tuareg from traditional, pre-colonial times to the present, a period in excess of a hundred years.
		In 1962, at the time of Algerian independence, an estimated 90 per cent of them (Kel Ahaggar) were living a predominantly nomadic existence.
	www.tandf.co.uk /JOURNALS/archive/fnas-abs.asp (17624 words)

	(palaeoecological atlas of northern and western africa) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Le Houerou, H.N. The grazing land ecosystem of the African Sahel, Ecol studies 75, Springer Berlin 282.p.
		Etude écologique et phytogéographique du Tassili des Ajjer.
		Schulz, E. and Lueke, M. A two years pollen calendar for traditionally produced honey types from Gaya, southern Niger.
	www.geographie.uni-wuerzburg.de /institut/pal_atlas_afrika/maps_present_veg.htm (1954 words)

	theanimal12
		Dromedary of carved stone, Tuareg Kel Ajjer, Collection of the Musée de l'Homme, n° 62.128.3, 1959, photo Laboratoire de Photographie.
		Dromedary of carved stone, Tuareg Kel Ajjer, Collection of the Musée de l'Homme, n° 62.128.4, 1959, photo Laboratoire de Photographie.
		Donkey of clay, Tuareg Kel Ajjer, Collection of the Musée de l'Homme, n° 37.21.94, 1934-1935, photo D. Ponsard.
	filarkiv.sitrec.kth.se /pub2003/animal2003/theanimal12.htm (5055 words)

	Horniman Museum - Exhibitions and Events
		These historically important works record life in the Sahara before it was a desert and portray a wide range of artistic styles which span some 12,000 years.
		The exhibition also illustrates the dramatic landscape in and around the plateau and the Kel Djanti Tuareg who live below it.
		Go to Special Events - Sahara for information about a FREE talk and tour with Marion Bull exploring the Sahara exhibition.
	www.horniman.ac.uk /exhibitions/current_exhibition.php?exhib_id=34 (126 words)

	Amazigh History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The original Amazigh alphabetic transcription system is referred to as "Tifinagh." Variant transcription systems in use include Latin and Arabic adaptations of Tifinagh representations.
		elements in Mali call their ancestral homeland Azouad (in northwestern Mali), and the Tuareg of Niger call theirs Air (in the Air mountain massif of north central Niger, with its capital at Agadez) and refer to themselves as the Kel Air (i.e., "People of Air").
		Other groups of Imazighen are also found in Libya, Tunisia and at Siwa Oasis, Egypt.
	www.libyamazigh.org /history.htm (732 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		To the west, Adrar, Tasedjbest, Ifedaniouen and Aras are all rich in rock art, not all yet known to scholars, and there are palaeolithic sites at Erg (formerly lake) Tihodaine.
		LOCAL HUMAN POPULATION The plateau itself is very sparsely inhabited by the nomadic Kel Ajjer Twareg, the total population being at most 1,000, many, after droughts, having settled in Illizi on the northern border, Zaouoatallaz and Djanet (Kerzabi, 1986).
		Essai de monographie de Cupressus dupreziana, cypres endemique du Tassili des Ajjer (Sahara central).
	www.unep-wcmc.org /sites/wh/tassili.html (3008 words)

	Kabyle Berbers - EgyptSearch Forums
		They are actually indigenous to the coast line but migrated further southward after the incursion of Arabs into Magreb.
		The same goes with the Kel Tamelsheq[Tuareg] population that claim they come from areas like Morocco.
		The Tuareg number approximately 1,200,000 to 1,300,000 people.[1] Prasse presents the Tuareg groups by country: Niger, Mali, Algeria and Libya.[2] The largest group lives in Niger and includes the Kel Azawagh (or Eastern Iwellemmedan), the Kel Ayr and the Kel Geres.
	www.egyptsearch.com /forums/Forum8/HTML/001783-6.html (8902 words)

	Amazigh BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
		TITLE(s): Evolution anthropo-biologique d'une population touaregue : les Kel Kummer et leurs apparentes / Andre Chaventre ; preface d'Albert Jacquard.
		TITLE(s): La tente dans la solitude : la societe et les morts chez les Touaregs Kel Ferwan / Dominique Casajus.
		Tamesna, les ioullemmeden de l'Est; ou, Touareg "Kel DinniK"; cercle de T'awa, colonie du Niger.
	www.ee.umd.edu /~sellami/ref.html (10543 words)

	Kuwait Music Forum - laish??! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		hehehehehe bs snsesnse 7aram 3alaik tara mo kel banat chethe
		oo 3ala 6aree laish kel hal as2ela wallah hal as2ela daiman etyee 3ala balee oo etbe6 chabdee lama afaker fehom...oo latensa shet8ool awal mat8oom men elnoom laena el a5 blue 3alamna sha'3la 5alatna awal man8om en8ool hal shai
		oo 9ara7a ajwebtek 7elwa oo 8a3da ashoof oo a8aren kel wa7ed oo ajwebtah thnx alot
	music.kuwait.com /forum/showthread.php?p=3449 (1058 words)

	Kuwait Music Forum - laish??! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		hehehehehe bs snsesnse 7aram 3alaik tara mo kel banat chethe :)
		oo 9ara7a ajwebtek 7elwa oo 8a3da ashoof oo a8aren kel wa7ed oo ajwebtah thnx alot ;)
		Show 40 posts from this thread on one page
	music.kuwait.com /forum/printthread.php?t=230&pp=40 (2205 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Empires of Sand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		SIPs: four wild camels, old tirailleur, northern oases, his veil, caravan master
		Ironfire : A Novel of the Knights of Malta and the Last Battle of the Crusades by David Ball
		Sister Godrick, Jubar Pasha, Imperial Guard, Kel Rela, Hoggar Tuareg, Bois de Boulogne, Major Dupree, Kel Ajjer, Colonel Flatters, Hôtel de Ville, Abdul ben Henna, General Delacroix, National Guard, Captain Masson, Lieutenant Dianous, White Father, Marius Murat, Captain Chirac, Ain El Kerma, Marshal Bazaine, Notre Dame, Father Murat, Sheikh Flatters, Gare du Nord, General Trochu
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0553110144?v=glance (2293 words)

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