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Topic: Kemalist Ideology

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	Kemalist Ideology - tScholars.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kemalist secularism did not merely mean separation of state and religion, but also the separation of religion from educational, cultural and legal affairs.
		The Kemalist principle of secularism was not against an enlightened Islam, but against an Islam which was opposed to modernization and democracy, the Islamists in Turkey are opposing this principle of Kemalism because its aim was the secularisation of the Islamic society.
		The principle of Kemalist Statism was interpreted to mean that the state was to regulate the country's general economic activity and the state was to engage in areas where private enterprise was not willing to do so, or where private enterprise had proved to be inadequate, or if national interest required it.
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/Kemalism (849 words)

	Kemalist ideology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kemalist Ideology ("Atatürkçü Düşünce"), also known as Kemalism ("Kemalizm" or "Atatürkçülük") and Six Arrows, is based on Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's six principles (Altı Ok) during the Turkish national movement.
		Kemalist nationalism was racist, membership is gained by usually birth within the borders of the state.
		Kemalist nationalism believes in the principle that the Turkish state is an indivisible whole comprising its territory and people, named as "unity of the state".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kemalist_ideology (1420 words)

	sorucevap.com : ATATÜRK İLKELERİ İNGİLİZCE DÖNEM ÖDEVİ
		The Kemalist reforms represent a political revolution; a change from the multinational Ottoman Empire to the establishment of the nation state of Turkey and the realisation of national identity of modern Turkey.
		Many Kemalist reforms were made to bring about secularism, and others were realised because secularism had been achieved.
		The Kemalist principle of secularism was not against an enlightened Islam, but against an Islam which was opposed to modernisation.
	www.sorucevap.com /bilimkultur/egitimgruplari/lise/ders.asp?210073 (695 words)

	Turkish Politics \| Copyright 2003, 2004 Ugur Akinci \| http://tork.blogspot.com
		The intellectual force that animated all the great reforms of 1923-38 era is no doubt the six principles of the Kemalist ideology that are graphically symbolized as the Six Arrows adorning the flag of the Republican People's Party even today: Republicanism, Nationalism, Populism, Secularism, Etatism, and Reformism.
		This is the the Kemalist understanding of secularism at the theoretical level.
		Kemalist Etatism, despite its reliance on state's dominance, does recognize private property and the role of private enterprise.
	www.turkishpolitics.us /1923-38/Sixarrows.html (996 words)

	Islamic Revivalism and the Nation-State Project: Competing Claims for Modernity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The idea was to construct the ideology of cultural unity in such a way that Islam would be part of the nation-state project, rather than being external to it.
		I have argued previously that the Kemalist project of nation-making was based on an ambiguity and indeterminacy with respect to its attitude toward the West and westernization.
		At present, Islam has become rearticulated in nationalist/populist discourses in a way that the Kemalist state ideology of cultural unity is unable to determine the lines of inclusion and exclusion with respect to the dominant form of sociability in Turkey.
	salam.muslimsonline.com /bicnews/Articles/revival.htm (5957 words)

	Islamic Democracy for the MENA? The Case of Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kemalists, challenged by the apparent encroachment of religion on their secular republic found what they believed to be an answer by returning to Ataturk’s legacy and reinterpreting the elements of its doctrine addressing the notion of nationalism.
		The Kemalist elites and the military guardians that maintained their power through so much of the Republic’s maturation had spent many decades on a trajectory that gradually alienated the identity that they ultimately sought to secure.
		The Kemalists proceeded to employ these institutions to repress civil society during the secularisation project which “paved the way to a dialectical choreography that negated itself by generating its own rival” in the form of the subtle ‘Islamist revolution’ of the 1990’s (Kadooglu, 2005).
	www.menaar.org /index_files/Page457.html (3829 words)

	1
		The Kemalist reforms of 1924 (abolition of the Caliphate and Seyhulislamate, the unification of education under a secular ministry and the institution of directorates for religious affairs andfor charitable foundations) can all be seen as logical conclusions to the Ottoman secularisation process.
		Where the Kemalists really did go a lot further than their predecessors, was in the banning of the religious orders(tarikat)and the closing down of shrines in 1925 and in the wholesale introduction of European family law in 1926.
		That the Kemalists should opt for a radically secularist and Turkish nationalist stance from 1923 onwards is remarkable, because this decision, or series of decisions, follows hard on the heels of the very period which had witnessed the strongest religious colouring of political discourse in late Ottoman history.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /tcimo/tulp/Research/MUNCHEN2.htm (5218 words)

	Mustafa Ugur Dalak / Master Abstract
		Kadro's theses and its problematical relationship with Kemalism (which it was developed as a modernizing pragmatic ideology emanated from Tanzimat era) were treated within a theoretical approach using the conceptual framework of populism, modernization and cooptation.
		The claim of Kadro in 1932 is to contribute to the reproduction of the Kemalist ideology and put it into a mature (doctrinaire) form.
		The reason why Kadro's cessation was dealt with comprehensively between Kadro and the ruling Kemalist elite was to show the enormous disparity in their views on political revolution., ideology and civilization.
	www.ata.boun.edu.tr /abstracts/2Dalak-master.htm (343 words)

	The Head Heeb: Atatürk's legacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although some aspects of Kemalist ideology were unique to the Turkish situation, a case could be made that Kemalism is one of the twentieth century's dominant models for ethnic conflict resolution.
		The ideology of Kemalism has been described as containing "six principles: republicanism, populism or social solidarity, secularism, reformism, nationalism and statism," all of which recur frequently in post-colonial nation-building projects.
		The Kemalist experiment in nationalization is out there as an example and many leaders have followed it consciously or otherwise; that's what I mean when I refer to Kemalism as a global ideology.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/023812.html (4122 words)

	Kurdistan Observer
		Ideologically frozen in time, Turk nationalists have shown no sign of abandoning their "outdated" state adopted Kemalist ideology (based on the concept of a unitary state where Turkish language, identity, history and political culture is supreme and accept no parallel within Turkey).
		If the winning party proved to be out of line with the Kemalist ideology, then the military has all the powers to force out the elected government and instate another one that warrants its blessing, as well as that of the ultra-nationalist parties such as MHP.
		The adopted ethics of the Kemalist Turkish State with regard to the Kurds (Assimilation and no to any form of Kurdish statehood on any part of Kurdistan), by itself is more than a convincing reason for the Kurds not to expect anything good from the Turks other than their usual malice and animosity.
	home.cogeco.ca /~konews/5-10-02-opinion-simko-tky-threats-intimidation.html (1275 words)

	Closing the gender gap \| comment \| EducationGuardian.co.uk
		Although Turkey's population is 98% Muslim, the Turkish Republic is a secular state whose ideology is based on a Kemalist secular tradition.
		While marketisation extended the career opportunities for academic women, market developments led to a shift in the sector away from the Kemalist state ideology, which upheld the values of sex equality and transparency, towards a system which is more receptive to market conditions than social concerns.
		The importance of a dominant enabling ideology seems to have facilitated Turkish (educated) women's progression whereas the more bureaucratic and legalised systems used in the UK are having only small effects in the sector.
	education.guardian.co.uk /higher/comment/story/0,9828,909573,00.html (787 words)

	ATATURK iLKELERi
		The Kemalist reforms brought about a revolutionary change in the status of woman through the adoption of Western codes of law in Turkey,in particular the Swiss Civil Code.
		Thus, the Kemalist revolution was also a secularist revolation.Many Kemalist reform were made to bring about secularism, and others were realised because secularism had been achieved.
		It was a rationalist, anti-clerical secularism.The Kemalist principle of secularism was not against an enlightened Islam but against an Islam which was opposed to modernisation.
	kadirche.8k.com /about.html (568 words)

	Bush's War - Consequences as seen by Boston Globe editorial
		Under Hussein, that pan-Arab ideology served as a masking agent for the rule of a Sunni Arab minority, just as another version of Ba'athism is used to rationalize the rule of an Alawite minority over a Sunni majority in Syria today.
		In Iran, the Islamist ideology of a Persian Shi'ite regime acts to suppress the communal identities of significant Kurdish, Azeri, Arab, Armenian, and Baluch minorities.
		To enforce a Kemalist ideology of Turkish nationalism, Turkey's central government fought a long, dirty war against Kurds in the southeast of the country who had been denied linguistic and cultural self-expression.
	www.galen-frysinger.ws /bush.htm (450 words)

	The Practice of a Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The coup was directed against the reactionary attitude of the government and was Kemalist and progressive.
		According to right-wing Kemalists, Turkey is opposing a world that is against the development of Turks and Muslims and that wants Turkey to become a communist country.
		With respect to the events during the demonstration, CUMHURIYET (a left-wing Kemalist newspaper) reported on 29 November 1992 that a group, provoked by idealists (the legal name used by the 'Grey Wolves') attacked the Kurds.
	www.aihgs.com /kemal.htm (6154 words)

	Khaleej Times Online - Ottoman Turkey and the troubled legacy of Kemal Ataturk
		Kemalist ideology exalted Turkish nationalism as the core value of the new Republic.
		Kemalist ideology inflicted linguistic genocide on the Kurds — the Kurdish language was banned, Kurds were declared "mountain Turks" and resettled in the ghettos of Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir.
		The Kemalist version of state intervention, magnified by hyperinflation, currency collapse and the ruinous costs of the Kurdistan wars, has also been discredited by time, the IMF and Wall Street.
	www.khaleejtimes.com /DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/opinion/2005/September/opinion_September55.xml§ion=opinion&col= (861 words)

	Eurozine - Articles (via CobWeb/3.1 vn1.cs.wustl.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Kemalist national liberation movement, which grew out of opposition to the quasi-imperialism of western Europe, brought about the conditions for the modern Turkish state.
		And even the nationalism mobilized by Atatürk as "father of the nation" in a war against a threat to Turkish existence – which became the ideological cement of the new nation – was a reversion to European models.
		The Kemalist "invention of a nation" is reminiscent of the establishment of other nation states in southern Europe.
	www.eurozine.com.cob-web.org:8888 /articles/2005-06-24-kadritzke-en.html (2469 words)

	A Political Guide to Turkey and Kurdistan
		It is important to note that only the Kemalist Right has any proper representation or legal standing in the political system or, for that matter, any political power to speak of.
		The two non-Kemalist points are shut out by the fact that they do not follow Kemalist ideology and are generally banned or are harrassed.
		In recent years, the Kemalist Right and the Islamic Right have made common cause against the Left, but currently there are strong moves by the MGK to put the Islamic Right back out onto the fringe of the Turkish political dialogue.
	members.tripod.com /~TurkKurd/index.html (881 words)

	bilig
		Kemalist Texts in the Period of Atatürk: A Kemalizm at Purgatory: Tekin Alp and Kemalizm
		But in the period starting with the proclamation of Republic he assumed a kemalist identity.
		Besides, the arguments Tekin Alp put forward about nationalism, liberalism and secularism make it possible to for us comment on Kemalist ideology of the time.
	www.yesevi.edu.tr /bilig/biligEng/bilig34/abstract4.htm (286 words)

	ZAMAN DAILY NEWSPAPER (200611294806) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the 1930s and 1940s, these golden brains had given their hearts to the Kemalist ideology which was attractive to them, and Kemalism had risen and influenced quality people as a result of this.
		At the top of the state, the same ideology still pretends to be there, but people who profess this ideology (and even any other ideology) are not there anymore and it most likely they will not be there again.
		For the Kemalists to lose the case is so natural, because they do not have the staff to grasp the new world order anymore.
	www.zaman.com /?bl=showcase&alt=&hn=4806 (1063 words)

	Turkish Politics \| Copyright 2003, 2004 Ugur Akinci \| http://tork.blogspot.com
		The alternative was risking to tarnish irreparably their reputation as ideologically committed members of the CHP and proponents of the Kemalist reforms.
		The fact that they were trying to define and refine a revolutionary ideology of etatism for the ruling CHP also did not sit too well with a number of party high-ups like the party Secretary General Recep Peker, a blunt power-player who did not hide his contempt for the whole Kadro attempt.
		The Kadro magazine and the movement that was built around it tried an almost impossible mission of creating a state ideology for a state that would operate above all classes and interests groups, yet would benefit all of them in equal measure.
	www.turkishpolitics.us /1923-38/Kadro.html (1017 words)

	The future of Turkish-Kurdish relations
		Kemalism may have embarked on state-building (and also nation-building) by creating a new state in the image of an abstract idea rather than negotiating a state and society that would reflect the reality on which they were based.
		Instead of “unity through diversity” (India), Kemalists have imposed unity through the elimination of differences (a strategy adopted by authoritarian state-builders in Europe between the 1920s and 1940s, as well as communist regimes).
		They are the result of a specific ideology, as well as specific institutional designs, policies and political practices.
	www.bitterlemons-dialogue.org /dialogue4.html (3180 words)

	A Woman of Our Age Women's Issues in the Last Century Women are still second-class citizens Sinister Intruders - ...
		Their aim was basically to establish the ideology of a nation-state and to bring the level of socioeconomic development in Turkey up to the level in contemporary Western industrial societies.
		Gender equality as a goal was seen as an aspect of the new national identity, and the blame for women's subordinate position was blamed solely on the religious and political ideologies of the Ottoman.
		In fact, the fertility studies provided the empirical validation of the Kemalist reforms, although the connection between the two was not clearly recognized in the 1960's and early 1970's.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /archives.php?id=22288 (7666 words)

	Medyakronik - Medyanin kroniklesmis hallerine elestirel bakis
		The Kemalist political and intellectual elite sought to fill this national cultural vacuum through the mobilisation and propagation of the modernising and westernising ideology that it had forged for itself in the dying years of the Empire.
		Bizarrely, the actual culture became constituted as the Other of the Kemalist ideology, and, as such, it had to be subjugated and suppressed.
		It was precisely their commercial and competitive motivations, we shall argue, that drove these new cultural institutions to promote cultural transformation: for, in the creation of new programmes for a new audiovisual market, the private channel recognised the importance of mobilising the ‘real’ culture that mass audiences could relate to.
	www.medyakronik.com /akademi/makaleler/makaleler25.htm (8879 words)

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