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	Kenaf
		Kenaf is a member of the mallow (Malvaceae) family, with okra and cotton as relatives.
		Kenaf plants grown in dense stands are largely unbranched and grow to a height of 8 to 14 ft and under certain conditions will reach 20 ft. The stem's outer bark contains the long soft bast fibers which are useful for cordage and textiles.
		However, the kenaf plant tolerates a fairly high population of chewing and sucking insects, and since the production emphasis is biomass rather than root, seed, fruit or flower, the required level of insect protection for kenaf may be much less than for most commercial crops.
	corn.agronomy.wisc.edu /alternativecrops/Kenaf.htm (2289 words)

	About The Kenaf Plant
		Kenaf is a 4,000 year old NEW crop with roots in ancient Africa.
		U.S. Department of Agriculture studies show that kenaf yields of 6 to 10 tons of dry fiber per acre per year are generally 3 to 5 times greater than the yield for Southern pine trees, which can take from 7 to 40 years to reach harvestable size.
		Upon harvest, the whole kenaf plant is processed in a mechanical fiber separator, similar to a cotton gin.
	www.visionpaper.com /kenaf2.html (393 words)

	Kenaf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kenaf is one of the allied fibres of jute and shows similar characteristics.
		The main uses of kenaf fiber are the manufacture of rope, twine, coarse cloth (similar to that made from jute), and paper.
		Kenaf seeds yield a vegetable oil that, while considered inedible, is used for industrial purposes and as oil-lamp fuel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kenaf (446 words)

	FAQs - Kenaf Industries of South Texas L.P. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Kenaf is a tough, fibrous plant that resembles a very tall okra plant with similar leaves and blossoms.
		Kenaf is planted and grown very close together and given the right moisture, nutrients and plenty of sunlight stalks can reach heights of 12 feet or more in about 180 days.
		Kenaf, an annual hibiscus plant, is grown and processed by Kenaf Industries of South Texas L.P. near Raymondville, Texas.
	www.kenaf-industries.com /kenaf-industries.com_non_ssl/faqs.htm (1129 words)

	Kenaf Production
		Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L., is a warm-season annual fiber crop related to cotton, okra, and hibiscus.
		Kenaf is planted, after the danger of frost has passed, with modified row-crop planters or grain drills.
		Kenaf can also be used for bean stakes, animal litter, a fiberglass substitute in molded plastic, a fiber source for improving recycled paper quality, a bulking agent for composting sewage sludge, a cellulose fiber for composition panels and boards, and a potting-mix ingredient.
	www.attra.org /attra-pub/kenaf.html (932 words)

	Kenaf: an Emerging New Crop Industry
		Kenaf is now crossing the commercial threshold, and it is no longer necessary to recite the physical and chemical attributes that make kenaf an interesting source of natural fibers for a wide range of industrial applications.
		The Kenaf Demonstration Project over the next five years proved to be an excellent example as to how a system-wide group of companies, agencies, and individuals could cooperate to develop and demonstrate the technologies necessary to launch a new crop industry.
		Kenaf International is dedicated to maintaining a commercial scale inventory of viable seed for the principal kenaf cultivars in a manner that will keep the cost of seed reasonable for farmers.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/proceedings1993/v2-402.html (3863 words)

	Boku Books: About Kenaf
		They have used kenaf paper for their environmentally oriented clients for years, and they were drawn to the concept of translating a beautiful aesthetic for their product line of books into support for their longtime environmental standards.
		Kenaf is a 4000 year old crop that originated in Africa, and now grows well in many parts of the U.S. The plant's fiber yield is nearly five times greater than that of Southern Pine trees, and requires no fertilizers or pesticides for growth.
		Kenaf fiber papers are energy efficient to process, while using fewer chemicals and no chlorine compounds.
	www.bokubooks.com /boku/kenaf.html (194 words)

	Kenaf
		The kenaf industry in North Carolina is emerging at a time when tobacco farmers are struggling to hold on to their livelihoods in the face of slashed subsidies, price supports and allotments.
		Kenaf must be “retted” in the field, a necessarily precise drying period in which the inner fiber begins to loosen from the outer bark.
		In the 2002-2003 season, kenaf was grown on 4,500 acres in Greene, Pitt and Wilson counties.
	www.carolinacountry.com /StoryPages/ourstories/Kenaf/kenaf2.html (540 words)

	Kenaf Online Newsletter
		In addition to the use of kenaf for cordage, paper pulp and livestock feed researchers have investigated its use as poultry litter and animal bedding, bulking agent for sewage sludge composting and as a potting soil amendment.
		Kenaf can be harvested for fiber when it is dead, due to a killing frost or herbicides, or when it is still growing.
		If the kenaf drying and defoliation process is dependent on a killing frost, the harvesting date will vary on the area of the state where the crop is growing and the time required for the kenaf to dry unless artificial drying is used.
	www.ibiblio.org /intergarden/agriculture/forums/forage-mg/msg00319.html (3159 words)

	Chapter 7: Small Fruits and Brambles
		In general, kenaf is grown between 45deg N and 30deg S latitudes (Purseglove 1968*).
		Kenaf is an erect herbaceous annual, 4 to 22 feet tall (Pate et al.
		Jones and Tamargo (1954) concluded that wind is not a factor in kenaf pollen dispersal.
	gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov /book/chap7/kenaf.html (947 words)

	Kenaf
		Essentially, kenaf is a traditional, third world crop that is poised to be introduced as a new annually renewable source of industrial fiber in the so-called developed economies.
		According to Dempsey (1975), kenaf is a short-day, annual herbaceous plant cultivated for the soft bast fiber in its stem.
		Kenaf is directed seeded with conventional grain drills after soil surface temperature exceed 55∞F and all danger of frost has passed.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/CropFactSheets/kenaf.html (1430 words)

	B1053 Preemergence Herbicide Trials in Kenaf
		Kenaf injury for both compounds was >50% at the cotyledonary growth stage and >56% injury for both treatments at the 14-inch growth stage.
		Kenaf tolerance was evaluated based on stand counts taken before kenaf reached 12 inches in height; visual estimation of phytotoxicity on a scale of 0 to 100%, with 0% = no injury and 100% = complete necrosis and death; plant height; and yield, reported on an oven-dry basis (160 °F drying for 72 hours).
		Kenaf was grown to maturity (at least 180 days) and 17 feet or 13 feet were harvested from the center two rows in 1990 and 1992, respectively.
	msucares.com /pubs/bulletins/b1053frames.htm (1956 words)

	Kenaf leaves
		Kenaf leaves are used as animal feed and also as human food in some sauces of African and Asian cuisine.
		Kenaf leaves, while being extremely variable from whole to lobed, so much as to be dissimilar even on the same plant, if examined carefully it will be seen they are formed of a single leaf - albeit deeply lobed - rather than several blades joined at a point as in the case of hemp leaves.
		Hemp leaves, on the contrary to kenaf leaves, are sticky to touch and are a darker green on the top of the blade.
	www.kenaf-fiber.com /en/foglie-kenaf.asp (520 words)

	CATI - Kenaf tried as cattle feed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The purpose of the study was to determine kenaf's palatability as a supplemental feed and its effect on the blood selenium levels of cattle, reported Randy Perry, professor in the Department of Animal Science and Agricultural Education at California State University, Fresno.
		And while kenaf is known primarily as a source of fiber for newsprint, cardboard and other packaging materials, it also can be used as an animal feed, since its protein content is comparable to that of alfalfa.
		Although kenaf may not be as palatable to cattle as natural forage, it does appear to be viable as a supplement, and one that can be grown on the San Joaquin Valley's West Side.
	cati.csufresno.edu /ip/upda/97/summer/story3.html (496 words)

	Kenaf - A Possible New Crop for Central Florida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Kenaf (Hibiscus canabinus L.) (Figure 1) is an annual plant, native to central Africa, and related to hibiscus (Hibiscus hibiscum L.), okra (Hibiscus esculentus), hollyhock (Althaea rosea) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Scott and Taylor, 1988).
		Kenaf is a tropical plant and is well-adapted to the hot humid conditions found in central Florida.
		Kenaf is a vigorously growing plant and under optimum growing conditions can form a canopy over the row middles in as little as 5 weeks (Neill and Kurtz, 1994).
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /AA220 (4135 words)

	Greene Natural Fibers - Kenaf Core Fibers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Kenaf’s advantage as a bedding material, while significant, is dwarfed by its performance as an oil absorbent.
		Kenaf’s distinct preference for oil allows it to absorb oil to the exclusion of water when both liquids are present.
		Kenaf’s superior absorbency allows replacement of expensive, imported sphagnum moss and coconut coir fibers as well as substitution for a significant percentage of either vermiculite or perlite in high-end soil and potting media.
	www.greenenaturalfibers.com /core_fiber.asp (981 words)

	Kenaf Development Potentials
		And although kenaf may not replace wood altogether as a source of newsprint and paper, it can be said with some confidence that it can go a long way to help satisfy many of the pulp and paper requirements of the world.
		Kenaf as a Fuel Source In addition to kenaf's other uses, it is also an excellent fuel source for heating and cooking in the rural areas.
		Kenaf is thus an alternative crop which, when compared with large-scale cotton or sugarcane production can provide a competitive and guaranteed price per ton for farmers in areas where cotton and sugarcane are grown.
	members.aol.com /icicva/kenaf2.htm (4848 words)

	New agriculturist: Focus on fibres: Kenaf - making the news
		Much of the kenaf production around the world is still grown and processed under labour intensive practices but research and development in the US has resulted in a completely mechanized approach to harvesting and processing kenaf.
		However, kenaf is susceptible to root knot nematodes and cannot be grown in highly infested areas although improved tolerance of root knot nematodes has recently been achieved.
		Kenaf can also be used as forage for animals, as in Africa where this crop originated and has been grown for thousands of years.
	www.new-agri.co.uk /99-4/focuson/focuson8.html (652 words)

	KENAF: A NON-WOOD PAPER ALTERNATIVE
		Kenaf's value per acre of land, moreover, is greater than pine's since its fiber yield (6-10 tons of dry fiber per acre annually) ranges from two to five times higher than pine's.
		Kenaf bast alone yields about as much pulp per acre as pine- which still leaves a heap of core fiber to be marketed for such products (in addition to paper pulp) as particle board, potting soil, poultry litter, horse bedding, and oil and chemical adsorbents for bioremediation.
		Only eight percent of kenaf bark (and 13 percent of the whole stalk) is made up of the cellulose-bonding substance, compared with 30 percent for pine, which makes it considerably less energy intensive.
	www.ecomall.com /greenshopping/eikena2.htm (1452 words)

	KENAF PAPER: AN ECOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE
		An herbaceous annual related to cotton and okra, kenaf is a member of the mallow family indigenous to West Africa.
		Kenaf can be quickly and easily pulped and bleached with harmless chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxide.
		There is concern that a growing kenaf industry, striving to compete with wood-based paper prices, may begin to bleach their paper with chlorine.
	www.ecomall.com /greenshopping/kenafx.htm (808 words)

	Omni Ventures Inc.
		Kenaf is an annual, woody-type plant of the Malvaceae family with the botanical name Hibiscus cannabinus.
		Kenaf is composed of two distinct fibrous materials-bast and core-that are of interest as added-value components.
		The expected result of this project is the implementation of a large-scale kenaf farming operation in southwestern Illinois by the year 2006 with OMNI Ventures marketing kenaf fiber and the core to manufacturing facilities.
	www.chuckmerlin.com /ivardc/omni/projects/kenaf (416 words)

	A Quieter Car Ride With Kenaf
		A relative of okra and cotton that towers 12 to 15 feet, kenaf is grown primarily as a fiber source for low-grade paper, particleboard, and oil absorbents.
		Kenaf fiber's many pores serve as a natural trap for sound waves.
		To capitalize on kenaf's potential, the researchers devised a mechanical process for separating the fiber from the stalk's bark and core before retting.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/AR/archive/jul02/kenaf0702.htm (546 words)

	Greene Natural Fibers - Kenaf Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The kenaf plant contains two distinct fibers: bast, a long, stringy fiber similar in both appearance and performance to jute and hemp, and core, a light, spongy fiber which bears a resemblance to balsa wood.
		Kenaf bast fiber comes from the outer layer, or bark, of the kenaf plant where it is naturally bound in a matrix of pectins – a family of low-grade structural polymers.
		Once kenaf has been harvested, the object is to achieve complete separation of the plant’s two components in such a manner as to minimize total fiber loss and maximize each constituent component's quality while also rendering the fibers to a form which maximizes their market value.
	www.greenenaturalfibers.com /products.asp (417 words)

	B1047 Evaluation of Kenaf Growth Media as a Substitute for Pine Bark
		The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of composting kenaf core, kenaf core particle size, and kenaf core:pine bark ration on the growth of Ilex crenata 'Compacta' and Rhododendron 'Sunglow' to determine the reliability of kenaf fiber core as a growth media component to produce containerized woody landscape plants.
		And in noncomposted kenaf, growth was equal to pine bark with 'Compacta' holly and poor with 'Sunglow' azalea.
		The use of kenaf as a component of growth media to produce container-plant crops that require at least one growing season appears to be limited because the poor stability of this material.
	msucares.com /pubs/bulletins/b1047.htm (1772 words)

	KenafTec :: Research, Processing and distribution of Kenaf Plant Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The unique kenaf plant is grown for its bast fiber and core pulp in many parts of the world.
		The unique kenaf core is also used to help our cities improve the efficiencies of their waste water treatment facilities with a completely biodegradable product.
		Kenaf is a member of the hibiscus family (Hibiscus cannabinus L).
	www.kenaftec.com (272 words)

	Kenaf
		Kenaf is a warm season annual that offers potential as a commercial fiber crop.
		Kenaf (Hibiscus canabinus L.) is planted using a modified row-crop planter or grain drill.
		American Kenaf Society - This organization is committed to conducting research to improve kenaf for commercial growth and to developing markets for new and existing products.
	www.agmrc.org /agmrc/commodity/fiber/Kenaf (383 words)

	Planet Ark : Kenaf popular as nonwood alternative for paper
		Kenaf, the tall African plant that grows a pale yellow flower similar to the hibiscus, is becoming popular in Japan, touted as a source for paper pulp that is more friendly to the environment than wood.
		Enthusiasts say kenaf is an ideal source for paper since the plant can reach a height of 3 or 4 meters in several months and absorbs more carbon dioxide than trees.
		Other kenaf groups that have formed across the country are also selling seeds and paper-making kits through the Internet to schools, companies and local communities which want to grow the plant and have a try at making paper themselves.
	www.planetark.org /dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=5299 (1162 words)

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