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Topic: Kenneth Snelson

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	Sculpture.org
		Snelson's atomic structures have taken different forms, from drawings to models built out of various materials, and since the modeling of properties on an atomic level ultimately requires dynamic visualization, it seems logical that he early on used 3D graphics as a tool for visualizing his ideas about atomic structure.
		The issues Snelson has addressed in all of his work connect to themes that are relevant in the age of digital media and his blurring of the boundaries between art and science may be the most prominent one of these themes.
		Kenneth Snelson's work poses the question of how scientific knowledge may be translated into aesthetics, and whether there are possibilities for new visuals without simple visualization.
	www.sculpture.org /documents/webspec/snelson/snelson.shtml (1770 words)

	Tensegrity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "tensegrity" was first explored by artist Kenneth Snelson to produce sculptures such as his 18 metre high Needle Tower in 1968.
		The term 'tensegrity' was coined for Snelson by Buckminster Fuller.
		Kenneth Snelson's site with an excellent article on the theory and development of tensegrity as well as pictures of his sculptures from desk top pieces to 90 foot towers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tensegrity (777 words)

	Sculpture.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The sculpture of Kenneth Snelson holds a place at the core of one of the principal concerns of 20th-century visual art.
		The vision rendered in Snelson’s sculpture is not only a conception of the structure of the universe; it is also a conception of the character of the human mind, the mind as an integrated whole.
		The quotations from Kenneth Snelson in this article are from an interview with the artist conducted by the author on August 8, 1999.
	www.sculpture.org:16080 /documents/scmag99/oct99/snelson/snelson.shtml (1059 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Science \| Tower of strength
		Snelson was a student at the University of Oregon, taking part in a summer school with Joseph Albers and Buckminster Fuller.
		Snelson went on to make many tensegrity sculptures, the most famous of which is the 60-foot high Needle Tower (1968), now in the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington DC.
		Kenneth Snelson believed that tensegrity was a pure art and that it would never be really useful architecturally.
	www.guardian.co.uk /science/story/0,3605,785895,00.html (823 words)

	Kenneth Snelson
		Kenneth Snelson conceived and built Needle Tower in 1968 as part of his exhibition of five monumental sculptures in New York's Bryant Park.
		Snelson's idea evolved from a fantasy he had of constructing a gossamer tensile structure so tall and finely tapered that the top point would seem to disappear into infinity.
		Standing directly under the sculpture and looking up, the viewer discovers that the tubes form the shape of a star, inspiring the astrophysical, astrological, and religious associations of that symbol, while heightening the sense of perpetuity.
	hirshhorn.si.edu /collection/gardens/snelson.html (207 words)

	Kenneth Snelson at Marlborough and Laurence Miller - New York … the sculptor's work is known for structural ...
		Kenneth Snelson's sculptures are articulated by the artist in a system he calls "tensegrity," a structural balance of webs of steel cables and polished metal cylinders of various modest diameters.
		The cables are not introduced into the armature through the cylinders, but are fixed at the ends, drawn taut as though ratcheted into place, so that the cabling serves as musculature and the cylinders as bones, held together and lifted up in a defiant, graceful dance of tension and compression.
		Free of welded parts, Snelson's towering dragon rises on its haunches and arches the length of its neck, a marvel of equilibrium and thrust.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1248/is_12_91/ai_111503876 (405 words)

	Black Mountain College - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For instance, Buckminster Fuller met student Kenneth Snelson at Black Mountain, and the result was the first geodesic dome improvised out of slats in the school's back yard; Merce Cunningham formed his dance company; and John Cage staged his first "happening".
		The Black Mountain College served as an early experiment which led to many of the alternative colleges of today, which have similar forms of progressive and faculty focused teaching, ranging from the University of California, Santa Cruz, to Hampshire College and Evergreen State College.
		Among the notable alumni of Black Mountain College are Fielding Dawson, Michael Rumaker, Robert Rauschenberg, Susan Weil, John Chamberlain, Ray Johnson, Kenneth Noland, Joel Oppenheimer, Jonathan Williams, Ruth Asawa, Robert De Niro, Sr.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_Mountain_College (576 words)

	Miami-Dade County - Art in Public Places
		Snelson’s art investigates structures, ranging from his trademark gigantic discontinuous compression sculptures to models of the atom.
		Interest in atomic theory, concern with the underlying structure of the universe, and the principle of connectedness are expressed in Snelson's works.
		As a student, Snelson was influenced by the modular architect Buckminster Fuller, inventor of the geodesic dome.
	www.co.miami-dade.fl.us /publicart/photo-mdc-snelson.asp (102 words)

	Virtual Globetrotting: Kenneth Snelson's Easy Landing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Snelson's work has not remained static, however Since the mid-1970s he has vastly expanded his range of formal configurations and has produced some of the most astonishing monumental works of his career.
		Using elements of all of these, these vast new works possess a gracefulness that is nearly balletic, conveying a sense of poise, composure, and flotation, all on an epic scale.
		''I like big'' remarks Snelson, ''It's part of the romance -the risk of getting into a scale where I can't any longer control it" But he has controlled it, and these works can only be thought of as masterpieces of their idiom.
	virtualglobetrotting.com /map/15005 (283 words)

	MNAC : Arts Alert!: 27 October 2000
		Kenneth Snelson, an American sculptor noted for his floating compression constructions, will be in Nashville Thursday, Nov. 9, to open the 2000-2001 Public Art Forum series.
		Out of Snelson's search for truth and his fundamental concern with structure comes his particular method and material choice, steel cables and polished stainless steel or aluminum tubes held erect only by tension wires.
		Born in Pendleton, Oregon, in 1927, Snelson studied at Black Mountain College in Black Mountain, NC, the Chicago Institute of Design; the University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; and with Fernand Léger in Paris.
	www.artsnashville.org /artsalert/artsalert.php?id=38 (894 words)

	Hellerwork International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is by using the concept of Tensegrity that Fuller developed from Kenneth Snelson's sculptural pieces that Heller has been able to dramatically communicate the vital and innovative idea that infuses his conception of anatomy.
		Kenneth Snelson, originally a painter, met Fuller at the eclectic Black Mountain College summer school in North Carolina in 1948, where he had come to study with Joseph Albers, Wilhelm de Kooning and others from the Bauhaus group.
		Snelson presented Fuller with his invention the next summer, and Fuller saw the solution to questions he had been pondering for 20 years.
	hellerwork.com /archives/001072.html (3488 words)

	Untitled Document
		The letter was in response to Snelson's one page letter in which he once again claimed to be the inventor of tensegrity and takes issue with Fuller for having his students imitate his sculpture.
		In Fuller's lengthy response to Snelson in 1980, it is clear that he wanted to set the record straight and that both men had a lot of mutual resentment towards one another.
		Clearly Snelson was inspired and would not have arrived at the prototype of tensegrity without Fuller's passion for moving away from the cube to the triangle as the primary stable structure.
	vv.arts.ucla.edu /publications/thesis/official/tensegrity.htm (1374 words)

	December 13, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Both Kenneth Snelson and Robert Hudson were commissioned to make art for federal buildings as part of the revival of the Government Services Administration's Art-in-Architecture program in the 1970s.
		Kenneth Snelson's maquette for Tree I includes a human figure to show the scale of the piece.
		Snelson's full-scale construction of stainless-steel rods and cables can be found on the grounds of the National Institutes for Health in Bethesda, Maryland.
	americanart.si.edu /art_info/1001/2000/12/121300.html (212 words)

	University of Cincinnati News: Kenneth Snelson Sculpture
		Braving unusually cold spring temperatures with a wind chill of 35 degrees and sunless skies, the DAAP students hoisted, hefted, pulled and prodded to piece together Snelson's "Forest Devil." The sculpture is a study in push and pull with aluminum tubes and steel cables all joined together in a perfect balance of tension and compression.
		Snelson is known as the father of "tensegrity" art.
		Now located on Library Square, the Snelson piece may move to a new location on Zimmer Plaza when the MainStreet construction is completed.
	www.uc.edu /news/snelson.htm (529 words)

	Preview Gallery: Kenneth Snelson
		Snelson crossed paths with Fuller in 1948 at Black Mountain College, where Fuller delivered one of his Dymaxion Seminars.
		Fuller saw deep implications in Snelson's discovery for his evolving Energetic Geometry and coined the term 'tensegrity' soon thereafter.
		Snelson felt his treatment by Fuller was symptomatic, part of a life-long pattern which revealed a flaw in Fuller's character that explains much of the resistence his ideas have encountered, in the scientific community and elsewhere (see Further Readings below).
	www.grunch.net /snelson (293 words)

	Gifts from Engineering alums provide scholarships, sculpture - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Also returning to campus this homecoming weekend were members of the Engineering class of 1950, who came for the dedication of Indexer II, a creation from the renowned sculptor Kenneth Snelson.
		"Kenneth Snelson is a sculptor who is known around the world," Jaroff said.
		Administrators, class of 1950 alums and family, faculty and students gathered to witness the dedication and hear Snelson speak about the concepts behind many of his sculptures that can be seen around the world.
	media.www.michigandaily.com /media/storage/paper851/news/2002/10/28/News/Gifts.From.Engineering.Alums.Provide.Scholarships.Sculpture-1413375.shtml?sourcedomain=www.michigandaily.com&MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com (1092 words)

	Squishy Skeletons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Snelson's sculptures are made of wires strecthed taut that hold rods suspended in mid-air -- a dynamic balance between tension and compression called tensegrity.
		Snelson uses rods and wires to create beautiful forms that are both lightweight and strong.
		: The Needle Tower, a 1969 sculpture by Kenneth Snelson, is a tensegrity structure.
	spacescience.com /headlines/y2002/4review_skeleton2.htm (1426 words)

	Kenneth Snelson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kenneth Snelson with his modified #16 Cirkut camera
		Kenneth Snelson is an internationally known sculptor whose work is perched on the edge between art and engineering.
		Snelson's #16 Cirkut uses 16 inch wide film and can produce a single negative up to 20 feet long.
	www.bigshotz.co.nz /kenneth_snelson.html (255 words)

	Rockland Center for the Arts
		Kenneth Snelson's four decade long open-ended multimedia work "Atom 1" was developed using digital technology and rapid prototyping equipment.
		Kenneth Snelson is internationally recognized for his massive and complex sculptures constructed from stainless steel tubes and cables that are arranged in tensile configurations.
		His work is represented in many of the major museums of the world including the Whitney Museum, the Dallas Museum, the Hiroshima Museum and the sculpture gardens in Washington, DC, among many others.
	www.rocklandartcenter.org /digi2.html (995 words)

	Designfax - Aug 2001 - Layer One: Mr. Hargrave's Box Kite
		Later, Fuller would use ideas of floating compression, as demonstrated by the sculpture, within the coined term “tensegrity.” Tensegrity structures can be divided into two categories: geodesic domes, constructed from struts forming a rigid framework of triangles, pentagons or hexagons that evenly distribute compressive and tensional forces.
		And the floating sculptures of artist Kenneth Snelson, where the structural members are divided into either compressional or tensional members that counteract to form a stable, pre-stressed structure.
		Snelson also explored the structure of atoms from his artistic viewpoint (see the link below).
	www.manufacturingcenter.com /dfx/archives/0202/0202layer.asp (362 words)

	The R. Buckminster Fuller FAQ: Other Inventions
		Who was Kenneth Snelson and what was his role in the invention of tensegrities?
		Snelson designed large magnificent tensegrity sculptures while Fuller built large tensegrity spheres to demonstrate his synergetics (at that time he called it Energetic Geometry).
		The name Kenneth Snelson will come to be known as a true pioneer of the realized good life and good will...
	www.cjfearnley.com /fuller-faq-5.html (5716 words)

	[No title]
		Kenneth Snelson, The Nature of Structure, N.Y. Academy of Science, 1989
		"Kenneth Snelson: Portrait of an Atomist", catalogue, Hirshhorn Museum, 1981.
		"Kenneth Snelson: Straddling the abyss between art and science", Art News, February 1981.
	www.marlboroughgallery.com /artists/snelson/biblio.html (176 words)

	Step-By-Step Tensegrity Tower part 1 on Ropes and Poles pioneering blog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As promised, I am going to explain step-by-step how to build a tensegrity tower similar to the flagpole I made at Kontiki this year (shown here with the flag removed so that the structure is visible).
		Tensegrity structures (the name means tension-integrity, because the tension cables are what makes the structure stand up) were invented by an American artist called Kenneth Snelson, who has made many tensegrity sculptures.
		Lastly, here are some photos of Kenneth Snelson's 1968 Needle Point Tower tensegrity sculpture at the Hirshorn Museum in Washington, D.C. posted by peter at 6:43 AM
	ropesandpoles.blogspot.com /2006/03/step-by-step-tensegrity-tower-part-1.html (268 words)

	[No title]
		Sculptor Kenneth Snelson had a show last fall at New York City's Marlborough Gallery, and it didn't garner a single review.
		Not only has he inspired a new field of engineering and a new understanding of cellular biology, his elegant sculptures are themselves scientific wonders.
		Photograph of Kenneth Snelson's Dragon, 2000-2003, stainless steel, courtesy of Jan Cook.
	www.slate.com /id/2093711/slideshow/2093697/fs/0/entry/2093684 (101 words)

	Ivars Peterson's MathTrek - Geometreks
		Designed by Kenneth Snelson, this tapered framework of aluminum tubes and stainless-steel cables is an example of a tensegrity structure.
		Slim and graceful, Snelson's Needle Tower delivers a wonderful geometrical surprise when you venture underneath and look up to see a striking starlike pattern.
		Kenneth Snelson has a Web site at http://www.kennethsnelson.net/.
	www.maa.org /mathland/mathtrek_11_10_03.html (996 words)

	Storm King Art Center - Kenneth Snelson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Set on a carefully landscaped grassy knoll, Snelson's architecturally-scaled, open, lattice-work sculpture appears as light as a constellation of stars.
		Free Ride Home was erected in a half-hour by a crew of four men and has never required any adjustment.
		The self-supporting structure depends on a system in which the wires function like muscles and the tubes like bones, in a taut balance of tension and compression.
	www.stormking.org /KennethSnelson.html (67 words)

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