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Topic: Kentucky cave shrimp

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	CNN.com - Kentucky: Mammoth Cave long on history - Feb. 27, 2004
		To sophisticated 19th century Easterners and Europeans, a cave tour in Kentucky -- billed as "The American Interior" -- was as appealing and exotic as a trip to the Amazon rain forest sounds now.
		Mammoth is a relatively dry cave, which is why it has few of the icicle-like formations associated with caves; those are made when moisture drips through minerals in cave walls.
		Croghan thought the cave air would be restorative, but his patients actually grew worse, due to smoke from torches and cooking fires in the cave.
	cnn.com /2004/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/02/26/mammoth.cave.ap (1322 words)

	Welcome to American Cave Conservation Association
		The Kentucky cave shrimp is an endangered species found nowhere else in the world but in the caves around Mammoth Cave National Park.
		The cave shrimp is threatened by groundwater pollution.
		Cave Crickets may be found on the cave floor or hiding in cracks on the walls and ceiling.
	www.cavern.org /acca/cavefactsohmy.php (760 words)

	Central Arizona Grotto Website
		Cave popcorn is formed when calcium carbonate creates cauliflower-shaped clusters, deposited on cave walls through limestone pores, or by splashes from a waterfall.
		A vertical or nearly vertical part of a cave for which a ladder or rope is normally used for ascent or descent.
		Pits are vertical openings in the floor of a cave passage created by a collapse of rock, slumping of breakdown, or the solutional activity of descending water.
	www.caves.org /grotto/cag2/caveterms.html (2254 words)

	[No title]
		Shrimp are also found in some of the large overflow passages between drainage basins (e.g., Roaring River, which is a low level overflow route from the Turnhole Spring Groundwater Basin to the Echo Spring Groundwater Basin), populations at these locations are often small due to the fortuitous distribution caused by fast flow during flood events.
		Cave streams known to contain shrimp are very similar to each other and are a representation of the hydrology and geology of the area.
		This suggests that the shrimp is capable of retaining a viable reproductive status for very long periods of time in anticipation of an improvement in conditions (e.g., adequate food supply) to insure survival of the young, or to await fertilization by the male.
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /WWW/esis/lists/e454001.htm (5314 words)

	Kentucky cave shrimp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kentucky cave shrimp (Palaemonias ganteri) is an eyeless, troglodyte shrimp found in caves in three counties of Kentucky.
		It is endemic to the Mammoth Cave National Park region of central Kentucky.
		The shrimp feeds mainly on sediments that are washed into the cave by the movement of groundwater.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kentucky_cave_shrimp (225 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Kentucky ceded exclusive jurisdiction over park lands by an act of legislature, approved on 22 March 1930 and was accepted by the Secretary of the Interior on 1 May 1944 under Act of 5 June 1942 (56 Statute 317).
		Mammoth Cave was first recorded by Euro-Americans in the late 18th Century and was mined for Saltpetre during the war of 1812.
		The use of electric lighting for cave tours has also led to the introduction and growth of mosses, fungi and algae in the caves and may eventually spoil the natural beauty of some of the unique formations.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /protected_areas/data/wh/mammoth.html (2214 words)

	U-Haul SuperGraphics: Kentucky Mammoth Cave
		Also known as "cave popcorn," these are small irregular knobby clusters of crystalline calcium carbonate formed by seeping water.
		An endangered species, the translucent freshwater Kentucky cave shrimp is eyeless and found only in Mammoth Cave.
		Animals that like living in the twilight zone of caves but who are not dependent on the cave environment for their survival.
	www.uhaul.com /supergraphics/mammoth/six.html (1355 words)

	Sherpa Guides \| Southeast \| Aquatic Fauna In Peril \| Resource Management of Freshwater Crustaceans in the Southeastern ...
		The Mammoth Cave shrimp lives within nine distinct groundwater basins in the Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky vicinity, and at least three of these basins are outside of the Park.
		These shrimp have been observed carrying 1 to 30 eggs, and it is thought that their longevity is probably 10 to 15 years.
		The staff of Mammoth Cave National Park is currently taking on the difficult task of trying to understand this complex system (Mammoth Cave National Park, 1994), and ultimately their work may result in an overall management plan that will protect not only the cave shrimp, but all other fauna and flora of the Park.
	sherpaguides.com /southeast/aquatic_fauna/chapter_11 (5139 words)

	Kentucky - Flora and fauna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Kentucky's forests are mostly of the oak/hickory variety, with some beech/maple stands.
		Kentucky's famed bluegrass is said to be actually blue only in May when dwarf iris and wild columbine are in bloom.
		Among the 38 animal species listed as threatened or endangered in Kentucky as of 2003 are three species of bat (Indiana, Virginia big-eared, and gray), bald eagle, puma, piping plover, Kentucky cave shrimp, and three species of pearlymussel.
	www.city-data.com /states/Kentucky-Flora-and-fauna.html (262 words)

	EPA: Pesticides - Pesticide Use Limitations for Hart County, Kentucky
		The Kentucky cave shrimp is a small, nearly transparent crustacean with reduced eyes and lack o pigmentation indicating that it has survived underground in the absence of light for perhaps thousands of years.
		The cave shrimp is a nonselective grazer feeding on protozoans, tiny insects, fungae, and algae that have entered the cave in groundwater.
		This cave system, with an extensive network of underground pools and streams, is found beneath Edmonson, Barren, and Hart counties, Kentucky.
	www.epa.gov /espp/kentucky/hart.htm (845 words)

	[No title]
		Kentucky cave shrimp is distinguished from its closest relative, the Alabama cave shrimp (P. alabamae Smalley), by having
		Leitheuser, A.T. Ecological Analysis of the Kentucky Cave Shrimp, Palaemonias ganteri Hay, at Mammoth Cave
		Shrimp, Palaemonias ganteri Hay, at Mammoth Cave National Park (Phase V Progress Report).
	www.fws.gov /cookeville/docs/endspec/mcshrmpsa.html (1388 words)

	IDS - The Mammoth Cave Biosphere Reserve
		The Park City and Cave City areas are delineated as the zone of cooperation.
		Mammoth Cave National Park is one of the prominent protectors of biological diversity in Kentucky.
		The eyeless Kentucky Cave Shrimp is only found in the underground rivers of the Mammoth Cave system and is an endangered species (NPS, 1997).
	www.wku.edu /geoweb/heritage/ids/biosphere.htm (1563 words)

	Alabama cave shrimp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Alabama cave shrimp (Palaemonias alabamae) is species of albinistic, obligate cave shrimp.
		Characteristics that tell the Alabama cave shrimp from the Kentucky cave shrimp are that it usually lacks abdominal scales, with fewer scales on the back.
		In addition, the decrease in the population of gray bats contributed to the decline of the shrimp.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alabama_cave_shrimp (417 words)

	Partnering and Managing for Excellence: Mammoth Cave National Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Beneath the surface is the longest cave known to man; to date, it extends at least 365 miles, with more discovered every year.
		Blind fish and crayfish, and the Kentucky cave shrimp are eyeless and colorless.
		Prehistoric people scraped minerals from the cave walls between 2,000 and 4,000 years ago, and left behind slippers, gourds, and torch sticks that are perfectly preserved in the cave’s constant environment.
	www.nps.gov /parkoftheweek/maca.htm (562 words)

	Landuse and Water Quality Threats to the Mammoth Cave Karst Aquifer, Kentucky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In addition, south-central Kentucky was recently selected by the Karst Waters Institute as one of the world's ten karst ecosystems in most critical need of protection (Springston, 1998).
		The park is home to at least nine federally endangered species, including Kentucky Cave Shrimp (Palaemonias ganteri) and eyeless cavefish (Tryphlichthys subterraneus and Amblyopsis spelaea), as well as numerous other sensitive species.
		The Mammoth Cave Karst Aquifer and adjacent study areas (Suds Spring Basin, Mile 205.7 Spring Basin, and several intermediate and undelineated minor basins) have 94 different Level III landuse types in 7,931 landuse parcels (Table 1).
	hoffman.wku.edu /gis/macathreat.htm (1020 words)

	about shrimp farming in Kentucky
		If you are looking for about shrimp farming in Kentucky resources, you are at the right place.
		The Messenger-Inquirer is the primary daily newspaper serving five counties in western Kentucky and two counties in southern Indiana.
		Interest in shrimp farming is growing as assaults on Kentucky's main cash crop...
	www.shrimp-1st.com /shrimp/1/about-shrimp-farming-in-Kentucky.html (522 words)

	Chapter 5
		The ITA has committed to ongoing reviews and inspections by qualified professionals throughout design and construction of the KTT to monitor current conditions, to ensure the avoidance of sensitive cultural resources where possible, to identify appropriate mitigation impacts that cannot be avoided, and to monitor any geological changes as they may appear during construction.
		The Kentucky cave shrimp was not identified within the Yellow Study Area during field investigations.
		However, the Kentucky cave shrimp could occur on the Yellow Study Area in a lower portion of the Graham Springs Basin (GSB).
	www.kentuckytranspark.org /reports/airport_report1/ea_chapter_5.html (4361 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Kentucky ceded cxclusive jurisdiction over park lands by an act of legislature approved on 22 March 1930 and this was accepted by the Secretary of the Interior on 1 May 1944 by authority of the act of 5 June 1942 (56 Statute 317).
		Saltpetre deposits were discovered on the cave walls and this valuable nitrate was removed and sent to be processed in gunpowder factories between 1809 and 1819.
		The general management plan for the national park (1983) states that the management aims at Mammoth Cave National Park are to perpetuate the integrity and diversity of geological features and life systems associated with the caves and preserve aquatic and terrestrial environments for their aesthetic, recreational, educational and scientific values.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /sites/pa/0359u.htm (2198 words)

	Travel97: Beauty Down Below
		Located in the gently rolling hill country of south-central Kentucky, Mammoth is the longest known cave system in the world -- an astonishing 335 miles of explored passageways.
		Between the 1800s and early 1900s, the cave was the site for weddings, performances by Shakespearean actor Edwin Booth and singer Jenny Lind, and the establishment of a hospital for tuberculosis patients.
		Just east of the Colossal Cave entrance is the valley through which the Spanish explorer Coronado first entered Arizona in the 16th century.
	www.sptimes.com /Travel97/10198/Beauty_Down_Below_.html (815 words)

	Kentucky Resources Council
		These comments are submitted by the Kentucky Resources Council, Inc., on behalf of Council members who use and enjoy the resources of the Mammoth Cave area and who will be adversely affected and aggrieved if a KPDES permit is issued allowing mine-related drainage to enter Turnhole Springs.
		In-Cave Dye Tracing and Drainage Basin Divides in the Mammoth Cave Karst Aquifer, Kentucky, USGS, http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/karst/kigconference/jm_incvedye.htm.
		Mine-related drainage, containing elevated levels of suspended and dissolved solids, may adversely affect the water quality within the cave system, since secondary karst flow is vulnerable to such pollution and there is very little attenuation of such pollution due to a lack of filtering within the system.
	www.kyrc.org /webnewspro/117634752025081.shtml (777 words)

	The Cave Conservationist Vol 14 No. 3 Fall 1995
		The caves located in the limestone and marble Calaveras Formation along the Stanislaus River Canyon in Skunk Gulch, Grapevine Gulch, Coyote Creek and South Fork are exceptionally important components of the natural and cultural history of the area that must be protected from degradation and vandalism.
		Caving groups are offered free access to all caves without a fee as long as access was requested in writing in advance and a brief trip report including observations on the cave's condition, biota, and other notable phenomena was submitted at the end of the trip.
		When the cave was closed in 1943, pollution for industry of the town of Horse Cave, along with time, took their toll on the old walkways and bridges, which were eventually washed away.
	www.caves.org /section/ccms/ccnl/ccnl14-3.htm (17526 words)

	Roger Brucker - Author, Cave Explorer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		While major cave conduits are vulnerable to collapse, Ray and Currens' arrows are conjectural guesses about where the water might flow, based on a small sample (less than 0.1%) of the actual flow as revealed in caves near Oakland.
		A major threat to cave life is chronic low-level pollution, described elsewhere as little spills, the slow buildup of runoff contaminants, and the contaminants in air that descend to earth by dry deposition and rain.
		The ITA reasons that the absence of evidence that the shrimp's environment is present is evidence of absence of the shrimp.
	www.rogerbrucker.com /issues_ktt.html (9276 words)

	Roger Brucker - Author, Cave Explorer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The ITA states that Mammoth Cave National Park groundwater cannot be degraded by Transpark effluent, because the park is "nine miles uphill" and the drainage divide is "very similar to a surface divide where water flows down one side of a mountain range or the other" (Crawford 2002 p.
		Mammoth Cave National Park is too valuable to allow speculation about this issue to remain unresolvedTherefore, we strongly urge that the ITA undertake a comprehensive, professional, hypothesis-based investigation of the circumstances and characteristics of groundwater movement in the area between the KTT and Mammoth Cave National Park to put all doubt and conjecture to rest.
		It might be argued that contamination of the lowest level of the cave would not jeopardize tourist visits to the cave, even if it were in violation of state and federal law.
	www.rogerbrucker.com /oct_03.html (5010 words)

	Best Western Kentucky Lodging and Attractions.
		Lexington, Kentucky was the site of the first race course back in the late 1700s started by concerned citizens over the impromptu racing of horses on city streets.
		The Kentucky Derby Museum, located on the grounds of Churchill Downs is a museum dedicated to a single race — the annual Kentucky Derby.
		In 1941, Mammoth Cave National Park was established to protect the cave and the surrounding area including the hill country and the Green River Valley.
	www.bestwesternkentucky.com /major-attractions-lodging (1486 words)

	Animals with Common Names beginning with the letter "K"
		Kentucky Spring Salamander : Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus duryi
		Knife Shrimp : Haliporoides triarthrus, Haliporoides triarthrus triarthrus
		Kretschmarr Cave Mold Beetle : Tetragonoderus fasciatus, Texamaurops reddelli
	zipcodezoo.com /Animals/CNK.asp (685 words)

	Sustainable Waters Program - Case Study: Army Corps of Engineers Dam Operations
		Winding its way through the interior plateaus of south-central Kentucky, the Green River watershed is rich in aquatic biodiversity, supporting 151 freshwater fishes (12 of which occur only here), 59 mussels, and an unparalleled collection of cave flora and fauna.
		Mammoth Cave's origins date back 350 million years, to a time when the continents were all joined in one huge landmass called Pangaea.
		In addition, the endangered Kentucky cave shrimp and innumerable other creatures in Mammoth Cave will likely benefit from the restoration of their habitats.
	www.nature.org /initiatives/freshwater/work/art16854.html (2528 words)

	KWA -- Kentucky Waterways Alliance \| /CWA/commentsKY.html
		The Kentucky Waterways Alliance is a statewide nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting and restoring our waterways and their watersheds by building effective alliances for their stewardship.
		On the Kentucky side, the primary creeks (all in the Salt River watershed or direct tributaries of the Ohio River) will be crossed multiple times by the proposed alignments.
		The Kentucky cave shrimp bioaccumulates Hg in its tissue, which may affect their ability to maintain fluid and solute balance and decrease fecundity (Heft 2001).
	www.kwalliance.org /CWA/commentsKY.html (14109 words)

	Mammoth Cave National Park - Kentucky
		As a national park, World Heritage Site, and International Biosphere Reserve, Mammoth Cave is recognized worldwide as a unique and exemplary karst resource.
		Beneath the surface is the longest cave known to man. It extends at least 365 miles, with more discovered every year.
		Cave tours are offered year round, ranging from an easy ¼-mile stroll to 5 miles of crawling, climbing, and sliming.
	www.nomadjournaltrips.com /mammoth_cave (300 words)

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