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Topic: Keratin

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Cytokeratin

Fibrous protein

Protein

Biomolecule

Skin

Langerhans cell

Disulfide bond

Hair

Collagen helix

Callus

Caspase

Vitamin K

Paraprotein

Epidermis

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	Keratin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Keratins are the main constituent of structures that grow from the skin: the α-keratins in the hair (including wool), horns, nails, claws and hooves of mammals; also the harder β-keratins in the scales and claws of reptiles, and their shells (tortoises), and in the feathers, beaks, and claws of birds.
		Keratins contain a high proportion of the smallest of the 20 amino acids, glycine, whose "side group" is a single hydrogen atom; also the next smallest, alanine, with a small and uncharged methyl group.
		Diseases caused by mutations in the keratin genes
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Keratin (1007 words)

	Keratin 4: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Keratin 13 is a type i cytokeratin, it is paired with keratin 4 and found in the suprabasal layers of non-cornified stratified epithelia....
		Keratin 1 is a member of the keratin family....
		Keratin 21 is a type i cytokeratin which expresses immunologically specific fusion protein....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/k/ke/keratin_4.htm (436 words)

	Keratin
		Keratin is a fibrous, structural protein found in mammalian hair and wool and the feathers, skin, claws, beaks, and scales of reptiles and birds. ;
		Keratin is divided into two classes, alpha-keratin and beta-keratin, with similar amino acid sequences and biological functions.
		When keratin fibers are heated and stretched to twice their normal length, the hydrogen bonds along the alpha-helices break, converting the protein to a beta structure.
	database.biomimicry.org /item.php?table=strategy&id=1180 (558 words)

	Keratin in a frog's skin: how Chytrid fungus spreads
		Keratin forms a tough, impervious, waterproof layer that protects animals, stopping unwanted substances in the outside world from getting into their bodies.
		Frogs only have keratin in the parts of their body that get exposed to wear and tear - such as their hands and feet, and the places where their legs rub against their bodies.
		Stage 1: tadpoles only have keratin (shown in red) in their mouth area, so they can scrape algae and decaying vegetation from the bottom of a pond or stream.
	www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au /npws.nsf/Content/Keratin+in+a+frogs+skin (464 words)

	AllRefer.com - keratin (Biochemistry) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The keratins are the major protein components of hair, wool, nails, horn, hoofs, and the quills of feathers.
		The formation of a covalent chemical bond called a disulfide bridge between the sulfer atoms on two cysteins on separate polypeptide chains of keratin allows for the cross-linkage of these chains and results in a fairly rigid aggregate.
		This phenomenon is seen to be consistent with the physiological role of the keratins, which provide a tough, fibrous matrix for the tissues in which they are found.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/keratin.html (236 words)

	Cleavage of Host Keratin 8 by a Chlamydia-Secreted Protease -- Dong et al. 72 (7): 3863 -- Infection and Immunity
		The infection time-dependent cleavage of keratin 8 (Fig.
		Correlation of keratin 8 cleavage with degradation of RFX5 (as a measure of CPAF activity) and expression of CPAF during chlamydial infection.
		the degree of keratinization was inversely correlated with the
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/7/3863 (4827 words)

	Organ-specific stress induces mouse pancreatic keratin overexpression in association with NF-{kappa}B activation -- ...
		The amount of keratin isolated by HSE was normalized to the content of the detergent-soluble supernatant protein that was generated during the first step of the HSE procedure (see Materials and Methods), then analyzed by SDS-PAGE and densitometric scanning (to quantify fold-increase in keratins upon caerulein exposure).
		by, or predisposed to, keratin mutations (Coulombe and Omary,
		the pancreas is unclear because the absence of keratins in K8-null
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/117/9/1709 (5653 words)

	Complete Cytolysis and Neonatal Lethality in Keratin 5 Knockout Mice Reveal Its Fundamental Role in Skin Integrity and ...
		that the absence of keratin filaments in basal epidermis caused
		Effects of keratin 14 ablation on the clinical and cellular phenotype in a kindred with recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex.
		Steinert, P.M., Idler, W.W., and Zimmerman, S.B. Self-assembly of bovine epidermal keratin filaments in vitro.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/12/6/1775 (7538 words)

	Pfam 20.0 : Keratin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This family represents avian keratin proteins [1], found in feathers, scale and claw.
		Keratins are a well known group of intermediate filament proteins.
		The avian keratins (F-ker, S-ker, C-ker and B-ker) are a complex mixture of very similar polypeptides.
	pfam.wustl.edu /cgi-bin/getdesc?name=Keratin (98 words)

	Keratin and Pyramiding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Malphigian cells are responsible for the production of keratin and lie under the scutes, the turtle's "skin" (its pattern on the carapace).
		It's like human finger- and toenails, but while ours generates from a root at the first joint of our digits and grows outward, the keratin on a turtle/tortoise grows concentrically and is very soft until it hardens upon exposure to air.
		Keratin is generated in a ring that raises slightly once it's stopped growing, producing the annuli.
	home.earthlink.net /~rednine/keratin.htm (455 words)

	Keratin 8 and 18 mutations are risk factors for developing liver disease of multiple etiologies -- Ku et al. 100 (10): ...
		Keratin 8 and 18 mutations are risk factors for developing liver disease of multiple etiologies -- Ku et al.
		Keratin 8 and 18 mutations are risk factors for developing liver disease of multiple etiologies
		noncryptogenic cirrhosis and the incidence of keratin mutations
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/10/6063 (3850 words)

	NEJM -- Keratin 8 Mutations in Patients with Cryptogenic Liver Disease
		Keratin 8 Mutations in Patients with Cryptogenic Liver Disease
		of heteropolymeric keratins 8 and 18 or the presence of mutant
		Keratin 8 Y54H and G62C mutations are not associated with liver disease.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/344/21/1580 (712 words)

	Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex-Type Mutations Alter the Dynamics of the Keratin Cytoskeleton and Reveal a Contribution ...
		Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex-Type Mutations Alter the Dynamics of the Keratin Cytoskeleton and Reveal a Contribution of Actin to the Transport of Keratin Subunits -- Werner et al.
		D'Alessandro, M., Russell, D., Morley, S.M., Davies, A.M., and Lane, E.B. Keratin mutations of epidermolysis bullosa simplex alter the kinetics of stress response to osmotic shock.
		Irvine, A.D., and McLean, W.H. Human keratin diseases: the increasing spectrum of disease and subtlety of the phenotype-genotype correlation.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/3/990 (6863 words)

	Epidermolysis Bullosa simplex
		This results in mutated keratin filaments, which may not be able to form the cellular support infrastructures necessary for cell stability and durability.
		Keratin 5 and 14 are expressed in the basal layer of stratified epithelia.
		In the disease state, the keratins are unable to assemble properly due to mutations in the keratin rod and thus are unable to form the cytoskeletal infrastructure necessary for cell integrity.
	www.biology.iupui.edu /biocourses/Biol540H/EBroberts.html (1647 words)

	The nonhelical tail domain of keratin 14 promotes filament bundling and enhances the mechanical properties of keratin ...
		Keratin modifications and solubility properties in epithelial cells and in vitro.
		The functional diversity of epidermal keratins revealed by the partial rescue of the keratin 14 null phenotype by keratin 16.
		Keratin 19: predicted amino acid sequence and broad tissue distribution suggest it evolved from keratinocyte keratins.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/155/5/747 (4111 words)

	Keratins Turn Over by Ubiquitination in a Phosphorylation-modulated Fashion -- Ku and Omary 149 (3): 547 -- The Journal ...
		BHK cells, cotransfected with the indicated keratin(s) and His-Ub, or HT29 cells were treated overnight with DMSO (0.1%) or with an equal volume of ALLN (in DMSO).
		Stabilization of transfected keratins by proteasome inhibition and partitioning of ubiquinated keratins with the insoluble pool.
		proline mutation in the H1 subdomain of keratin 1 causes epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/149/3/547 (3688 words)

	Genetics May Explain Variability In Keratin Diseases
		Surprisingly, the impact of loss of this keratin 17 gene (K17) depended on an animal's genetic make-up: its loss caused no effect in one strain of mice and complete alopecia in another, the scientists report.
		There are roughly 50 or so keratin proteins that help build the hair, nails and glands found in the skin in people, says Coulombe.
		In mice that kept their hair in the absence of K17, a related molecule, keratin 16 (K16), took up the slack, the scientists found.
	unisci.com /stories/20022/0617024.htm (767 words)

	The Epidermis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The keratinocyte is the principal cell of the epidermis and it serves to produce the protein keratin.
		The cells contain keratin tonofibrils and are secured by hemidesmosomes to the basement membrane.
		Its cytoplasm is replaced by keratin tonofibrils in a matrix formed from keratohyalin granules.
	sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca /dermatology/epidermis.htm (320 words)

	Mutation of a Major Keratin Phosphorylation Site Predisposes to Hepatotoxic Injury in Transgenic Mice -- Ku et al. 143 ...
		Keratin extracts, which include endogenous mouse and the transgene human K18 product, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE then Coomassie staining, and blotted with Troma I antibody (which recognizes mouse K8) or with rabbit anti-human K8/18 antibody that also recognizes mouse keratins.
		Colorectal hyperplasia and inflammation in keratin 8-deficient FVB/N mice.
		Caspase cleavage of keratin 18 and reorganization of intermediate filaments during epithelial cell apoptosis.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/143/7/2023 (7125 words)

	Keratin 17 null mice exhibit age- and strain-dependent alopecia -- McGowan et al. 16 (11): 1412 -- Genes and Development
		in scaffolding the assembly of the differentiation-specific keratins
		Hesse, M., Magin, T.M., and Weber, K. Genes for intermediate filament proteins and the draft sequence of the human genome: Novel keratin genes and a surprisingly high number of pseudogenes related to keratin genes 8 and 18.
		Leigh, I.M., Navsaria, H., Purkis, P.E., McKay, I.A., Bowden, P.E., and Riddle, P.N. Keratins (K16 and K17) as markers of keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriasis in vivo and in vitro.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/16/11/1412 (7087 words)

	keratin - Find, Compare, and Buy at Shopping.com
		Keratin coats each individual strand of hair to strengthen and protect.This repair formula will give your hair renewed inner strength for greater......
		CHI Keratin Mist is specifically developed to work in conjunction with the CHI line.
		CHI Keratin Mist with Cationic Hydration Interlink and proteins is an advance leave in spray to provide hair with strength, protection and softness while leaving......
	www.shopping.com /xGS-keratin (1025 words)

	Human keratin 8 mutations that disturb filament assembly observed in inflammatory bowel disease patients -- Owens et ...
		The helical domains are represented by boxes (shaded regions are hotspots for mutations causing severe disease in epidermal keratins) and the non-helical domains are represented by the solid line.
		Hatzfeld, M. and Weber, K. The coiled coil of in vitro assembled keratin filaments is a heterodimer of type I and II keratins: use of site-specific mutagenesis and recombinant protein expression.
		New mutations in keratin 1 that cause bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and keratin 2e that cause ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/117/10/1989 (7605 words)

	Out of balance: consequences of a partial keratin 10 knockout -- Reichelt et al. 110 (18): 2175 -- Journal of Cell ...
		Keratins 6/16 were unable to compensate for the lack of normal
		keratin 10 knockout mice and in epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is probably
		keratin 1/10 filaments and an increase in keratins 6/16 with a poor
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/110/18/2175 (451 words)

	Technorati Tag: keratin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Keratin Fragrances: Compare Prices Find Bargains on Keratin Fragrances at thousands of trusted online stores.
		Keratin The Webs comprehensive list of ethnic skin and hair products including Keratin.
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	www.technorati.com /tag/keratin (373 words)

	Protein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Membrane-associated proteins include exchangers and ion channels, which move their substrates from place to place but do not change them; receptors, which do not modify their substrates but may simply shift shape upon binding them.
		Filamentous proteins make up the cytoskeleton of cells and some of the structure of animals: examples include tubulin, actin, collagen and keratin, all of which are important components of skin, hair, and cartilage.
		Another special class of proteins consists of motor proteins such as myosin, kinesin, and dynein.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protein (2168 words)

	Become.com - Shop results for shampoo keratin
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	www.become.com /shop?q=shampoo+keratin (495 words)

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