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Alaskool - Many Tongues, Ancient Tales It is a single well-defined language with four dialects diverging from the main one: Egegik (Aglegmuit-Tarupiaq); Nunivak; Hooper Bay-Chevak, diverging in the direction of Pacific Gulf Yupik; and Unaliq in Norton Sound, diverging in the direction of Siberian Yupik or Naukanski in the Soviet Union. The languages on the Soviet side, with the definite exception of Yakut and possible exception of some Chukchi, are now spoken by few or none under the age of 20. It thus becomes a race against time to document these languages as fully as possible before they are lost, and their revival or survival as living languages in both Asia and America is a question for the coming century. www.alaskool.org /language/manytongues/ManyTongues.html   (3421 words)

Encyclopedia: Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22) The Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages are a language family of Siberia. The Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages are sometimes grouped with other unrelated language families as the Paleosiberian languages. Kerek, which was formerly considered a dialect of Chukchi, but is now recognized as a separate language. www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Chukotko_Kamchatkan-languages   (156 words)

Encyclopedia: Chukchi language   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22) Chukchi (Luoravetlan (in native language), Chukot, Chukcha) is a Palaeosiberian language spoken by circa 10,400 people (2001) (Chukchi) in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in the region called Chukotka. The language together with Koryak, Kerek and Itelmen forms the Chukotko_Kamchatkan language family. The Chukchi language is written using Russian alphabet with two additional letters: Ӄӄ and Ӈӈ, plus the sign ʼ. www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Chukchi-language   (179 words)

Uyghur language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Uyghur is one of the Eastern Turkic languages, which is grouped by some linguists as a branch of Altaic. Uyghur is spoken by 8.5 million(2004) in China, mostly in the far western Xinjiang province. The language traditionally used the Arabic script since the 10th century. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uyghur_language   (573 words)

The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire The Kereks have long been regarded as a Koryak tribe among the Chukchi but they differed from the pastoral nomads because they led a settled life and their main occupations were fishing and hunting sea animals. The Russian-language mass culture poses a threat to the Kerek language and cultural identity, and its military-industrial colonial policies are hazardous to the life and health of all (see, the Chukchis). The language for communication is Chukchi or Russian, and the language for education and cultural life is Russian. www.eki.ee /books/redbook/kereks.shtml   (885 words)

Uyghur language   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22) Uyghur is spoken by 7.2 million in China, mostly in the far western Xinjiang province. The Uyghur language an official language in Xinjiang. The dialects of Uyghur identified by the Ethnologue are Central Uyghur, Hotan (Hetian), and Lop (Luobu). www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/uyghur_language   (514 words)

The Chukchi Language Chukchi their native language, and it can be heard spoken in tundra and city alike. The Chukchi language is spoken all over Chukotka and in bordering areas of the Sakha Republic, Magadan Oblast', and the Koryak Autonomous Region. In the Soviet period, a writing system was developed for the Chukchi language, at first using the latin alphabet, but this was later changed to the cyrillic alphabet (the same that is used for Russian). www.faculty.uaf.edu /ffpag/chuklang.html   (1035 words)

Koryak Languages The native language movement among Koryak speakers is just starting to gather steam, and with a little time and some assistance (both of which are not impossible) they may be able to turn around the steady decline of native or fluent speakers. Koryak belongs to the general grouping of languages commonly referred to as "Paleosiberian" or "Paleoasiatic," which is a residual category for isolates among the Altaic-Uralic, Sino-Tibetan, and Turkic language families. The Database on Minority Languages of Russia is a joint project between linguists at the University of Tokoyo and the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Linguistics. www.koryaks.net /language.html   (1279 words)

yourDictionary.com • Endangered Language Initiative• Nearly Extinct Languages This is a list of more than 750 languages found designated by Ethnologue as already extinct or nearly extinct today. Of course, there are many more languages besides these in danger of extinction by the end of the century, many as yet undiscovered by Europeans. This list will give you an idea of where the majority of threatened languages are spoken, if not their exact number. www.yourdictionary.com /elr/nextinct.html   (94 words)

Koryak language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Koryak is a Chukotko-Kamchatkan language spoken by circa 5,200 people (2001) (Koryak) in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in the region called Koryakia. Its close relative, the Chukchi language, is spoken by about twice that number. The language together with Chukchi, Kerek, Alutor and Itelmen forms the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family. www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Koryak_language   (129 words)

Koryak language - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22) Koryak is a Palaeosiberian language spoken by circa 5,200 people (2001) (Koryak) in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in the region called Koryakia. The language together with Chuckchi, Kerek and Itelmen forms the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family. Brief remarks on the structure of the Nymylan (Koryak) language and its dialects encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /koryak_language.htm   (111 words)

Endangered Languages of Siberia - The Even Language Even language counts up to 11 participial forms, diverse adverbial participles are divided into 4 categories by their morphological characteristics: 1) uninflected; 2) inflected by the number; 3) inflected by the person and the number and having both personal and impersonal forms. Presently this standardized written language is a language of educational literature, local mass media (newspapers), translated fiction and redacted samples of traditional folklore; samples of authentic literature are represented, mainly, by detective stories. Even language in the written form is used in teaching the native language in pre-school institutions, in elementary school, in some districts – in high school; in all places Even language performs the function of a subjects taught while it is not a language of instruction even in pre-school institutions. lingsib.iea.ras.ru /en/languages/even.shtml   (2482 words)

Kerek: Bibliographical guide   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22) Kerek belongs to the Chukchi-Koryak group of the Chukchi-Kamchatkan language family. It is an agglutinating language with suffixation and prefixation prevalent as morphological means. Nowadays the territory where Kerek is spoken diminished to two villages located along the river of Mojno-Pilgino (Majnykilgino and Khatyrka), where several Kerek families live together with Chukchis. www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp /Russia/bibl/Kerek.html   (283 words)

Vida Mikhaltchenko   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22) Extensive efforts are being made for that end to collect the necessary vast synchronous data on the number of speakers, their residence patterns, language contacts, existence of written languages, spheres of use, etc. It is supposed that these studies will be repeated each 2 to 3 years to monitor the dynamics of language conditions. The main reasons for a language to dye out are as follows (1) demographic: the death of its speakers; and (2) functional: assimilation processes, i.e. One of the symptoms of dying out of a language is the ignorance of the mother tongue by the young generation. www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp /activities/nov1995/mikhal.html   (221 words)

Ethnologue 14 report for language code:KRK The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000). It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005). Kerek is now classified as a separate language. www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=KRK   (76 words)

Chukchi language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22) Its close relative, Koryak language is spoken by about half that number. The Russian word Chukchi is derived from Chukchi word Chauchu, meaning "rich in reindeer". In the UNESCO Red Book the language is on the list of endangered languages. www.encyclopedia-online.info /Chukchi_language   (159 words)

Endangered Languages of Siberia - The Kerek Language Until recently Kerek have populated the Bering Sea shore, stretching from Anadyr Strait to the mouth of Opukha River. In the XVIII century Kerek population significantly decreased due to the war between Chukchi and Koryak, and later, due to epidemics and shrinking population of sea animals (traditional game object). Studies of Kerek language were started, in fact, only in the second half of the XX century, when the language itself was already on the brink of extinction (П. Я. Скорик, В. В. Леонтьев, А. П. Володин and others). lingsib.iea.ras.ru /en/languages/kerek.shtml   (426 words)

Ethnologue: Russia, Asia Russian is used as the second language by all except older people as a contact language, for literature, and urban professional and cultural life. Dolgan is the contact language on the Tajmyr Peninsula, and is spoken also by Evenki, Nganasan, and long-term Russian residents. KEREK [KRK] 3 speakers from 60 to 63 years old (1991 A.P. Volodin in Kibrik); 200 to 400 in 1900. www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/RusA.html   (3296 words)

Alternative Models of Writing Development Britton argues that other uses of language develop as differentiations from the expressive, and are characterized by formal structure that allows language users to communicate for new purposes with increasingly distant audiences with whom they share fewer initial understandings. As language becomes increasingly formalized, it takes on new purposes– to persuade, to inform, to entertain rather than simply to explore the shared understandings that are characteristic of the expressive. Oral language samples were gathered every year, complemented by writing samples from grades 3 through 12 and a variety of other measures (teachers’ ratings of achievement, IQ scores, and reading, listening, and language measures). cela.albany.edu /publication/article/writing.htm   (6981 words)

[No title] The other language that flourished at this time, the language of the Ancient Egyptians is believed to not only have been the spoken language of the Nile-region but also the language of southwestern Africa. Out of this dilemma arises the fact that the same word or name varies and is written in five or six different manners according to the nationality of the translator, as we find in the case of the Muger ruins in the city of Ur, or in the case of the Hungar and Magyar names. The foremost prerequisite for attaining the proper sounds, transliteration and understanding of these ancient scripts is to be familiar with the language with which the ancient texts were written and is fully familiar with the rules of pronunciation. www.acronet.net /~magyar/english/96-07/baraeast.html   (3130 words)

Ethnologue 14 report for language code:KRK The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000). It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005). Kerek is now classified as a separate language. www.ethnologue.org /show_language.asp?code=KRK   (76 words)

Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22) I move that their languages be included in your lists & other categorizations (no matter the complications this may bring to linguistic description & theory & whatever). The only Gurage language we currently have is Soddo language, which belongs to neither of those. I propose that (at least) any Y and Z languages that have wikipedia pages should be included here with the complete list; we would then change the text that reads "only some major languages are included here" to "languages with wikipedia pages are included here" or something similar. www.mauspfeil.net /List_of%20languages.html   (989 words)

[No title] The Chukchi language, together with the Koryak and Itelmen languages, belongs to the Chukchi-Kamchatkan group of Paleo-Asiatic languages. The Chukchi language is divided into several dialects: the coastal or eastern dialect, the tundra or western dialect, the Enmylin dialect, (characterized by the influence of the Kerek language), and the Nunligran and Khatyrka (with Koryak influences). The Paleo-Asiatic languages are believed to be primordially related to the languages of the American Indians. www.ces.org.tw /main/mission/pray/unreached.htm   (2420 words)

russia Along with many other national languages, it underwent a series of transformations in the hands of Soviet linguists: Arabic script was deposed in favour of the Latin alphabet in the 1920s, followed by a switch to Cyrillic in 1939. It is the language commonly spoken at home by 90% of people--whatever their ethnic origin—within Russia and is the working language for almost as many. The acute problems posed by the minority languages tend rather to be ones of weakness, not of strength. faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~jmatthew/articles/russia.html   (777 words)

chapter1 The language is the best-known representative of the small Chukokto-Kamchatkan language group, which itself is classed as a member of the Paleosiberian group, an areal designation for a handful of genetically isolated groups and languages. Chukchee is a good example of an ergative language: all transitive subject nominals appear in an ergative case (identical to the instrumental case) and all intransitive subjects and direct objects appear in the absolutive case. The language tends to mark voice and aspectual nuances on verbs and has a rich set of denominal word formation affixes. privatewww.essex.ac.uk /~spena/Chukchee/chapter1.html   (1377 words)

Chukchi language   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22) Chukchi (Luoravetlan (in native language), Chukot,Chukcha) is a Palaeosiberianlanguage spoken by circa 10,400 people (2001) (Chukchi) in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainlyin the region called Chukotka. Its close relative, Koryak language is spoken by abouthalf that number. The Chukchi language is written using Russian alphabet with twoadditional letters: Ӄӄ and Ӈӈ, plus the sign ʼ. www.therfcc.org /chukchi-language-77982.html   (135 words)

CompPile Collected Editions A-K Written language: Papers from the annual meeting of the British Association for Applied Linguistics held at the University of Reading, September 1986 (British studies in applied linguistics, No. 2). Learning disabilities and the language arts: A survey of reading and writing instruction in the secondary schools; addresses presented at a conference of the English Department of East Carolina University (Greenville, NC, Nov 7-8, 1975). Minority language and literature: Papers presented at a national symposium sponsored by the Commission on Minority Groups and the Study of Language and Literature of the Modern Language Association of America. comppile.tamucc.edu /collected/collvolAtoK.htm   (7130 words)

Crimean Tatars and Noghais in Turkey The present paper is a short report of the fieldwork done between August 31 and September 30, 1997, as well as June 13 and July 7, 1998, in Turkey in the regions inhabited by the Crimean Tatars and Noghais. Of course, this opinion is somewhat illusive, although it is true that the past migrations from the Crimea to Dobrudja basically involved the northern and central part of the peninsula and Kerch where the spoken language was quite distinct from the southern Crimea. Thus I do know what language he speaks at a service, in addition to Arabic, which is the traditional language of the obligatory prayer. www.iccrimea.org /scholarly/jankowski.html   (5352 words)

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