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Kerguelen Islands

Islands controlled by France in the Indian and Pacific oceans

Indian Ocean

Iles Kerguelen

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	Kerguelen Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kerguelen Islands or the Kerguelen Archipelago (French: Îles Kerguelen or Archipel de Kerguelen or officially Archipel des Kerguelen or officially Archipel Kerguelen) is a group of islands in the southern Indian Ocean.
		Kerguelen has been used by a small number of science teams since 1949, with a population of 50-100 always present.
		The Kerguelen Islands are one of three territories which are antipodes to the lower 48 United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kerguelen_Islands (1314 words)

	Location & climate of Kerguelen Island, South Indian Ocean
		Kerguelen is a French possession, lying some 13,000 km from France in the Southern Indian Ocean.
		The coast of Kerguelen is deeply indented with fjords, whilst the interior is heavily glaciated.
		As Kerguelen lies on the Antarctic Convergence where upwelling cold water from the Antarctic mixes with the the warmer waters of the Indian Ocean, birdlife and marine mammals are abundant.
	www.btinternet.com /~sa_sa/kerguelen/kerguelen_islands.html (300 words)

	Kerguelen Plateau - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kerguelen Plateau is an underwater volcanic large igneous province (LIP) in the Indian Ocean.
		The presence of soil layers in the basalt with included charcoal and conglomerate fragments of gneiss indicate that much of the plateau was above sea level as what is termed a micro-continent for three periods between 100 million years ago and 20 million years ago.
		Symmetrically located across the Indian Ocean ridge and due west of Australia, is the Broken Ridge underwater volcanic plateau which was at one time contiguous with the Kerguelin Plateau prior to rifting by the mid-ocean ridge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kerguelen_Plateau (316 words)

	Kerguelen - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		KERGUELEN [Kerguelen], subantarctic island of volcanic origin, 1,318 sq mi (3,414 sq km), in the S Indian Ocean, c.3,300 mi (5,310 km) SE of the southern tip of Africa; largest of the 300 Kerguelen Islands (total area c.2,700 sq mi/7,000 sq km), part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
		Kerguelen Island rises in the south to Mt. Rose (6,120 ft/1,865 m), and Cook Glacier covers its western third.
		The island, famous for the native Kerguelen cabbage, is used mainly as a research station and a seal-hunting and whaling base.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/K/Kerguele.asp (267 words)

	The Kerguelen cabbage - Pringlea antiscorbutica
		It was named after the island of its discovery, Kerguelen Island, and it's latin name derives from Sir John Pringle, President of the Royal Society at the time of its discovery by Captain James Cook's Surgeon, William Anderson in 1776.
		Brassicas are a family of insect-pollinated plants, but the Kerguelen Cabbage has adapted itself to the absence of winged insects on subantarctic islands for wind pollination.
		During the stay of the sealers and scientific expeditions to Kerguelen the vegetable was used either alone or with ship's beef, pork, or sealmeat.
	www.btinternet.com /~sa_sa/kerguelen/kerguelen_cabbage.html (222 words)

	KERGUELEN MAFIC AND ULTRAMAFIC XENOLITHS: PETROLOGY AND ELEMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The existence of oceanic granulites beneath the Kerguelen islands is consistent with the presence of a thickened crust evidenced by the seismic studies (14-20 km, Recq et al., 1990; Charvis et al., 1995; Operto and Charvis, 1996).
		The Kerguelen thickened oceanic crust is thus inferred to have been generated by intrusions of basalts at different levels of the lithosphere and this may explain the occurrence of basic granulites in this oceanic setting.
		The synergy of the young East-Indian Ridge and of the Kerguelen hot spot (Å 45 Ma ago) is considered to have caused voluminous tholeiitic-transitional magmas with resultant intrusion and formation of associated cumulates in the vicinity of the Moho.
	www.es.mq.edu.au /GEMOC/Abstrfull98/Gregoire983.htm (828 words)

	French Colonies - Kerguelen Archipelago, Ile Kerguelen
		Mount Ross is the youngest volcanic edifice recognized in the Kerguelen Archipelago.
		During the political upheaval of the French Revolution, Kerguelen was perceived to be a "victim of the monarchy", and was released.
		Kerguelen is visited several times a year by the Marion Dufresne, the world's biggest and most sophisticated oceanographic research vessel, bringing supplies and rotating crews of scientists at the base.
	www.discoverfrance.net /Colonies/Kerguelen.shtml (2142 words)

	Kerguelen Islands - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Kerguelen Islands, island group in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, southern Indian Ocean, comprising about 300 islands and islets of...
		Cook was expected to retire to a position as director of Greenwich Hospital, but instead set off again in July 1776 to find a Pacific entrance to the...
		French Southern and Antarctic Lands, overseas territory of France (since 1955), comprising the Kerguelen and Crozet archipelagos and the islands of...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Kerguelen_Islands.html (119 words)

	REFERENCE Could we eventually uncover a lost civilization on the sunken Kerguelen continent? Lost worlds, lost ...
		Fortunately for the Kerguelen fleet personnel, the peninsula matter appeared to take care of itself, with the victors in the civil war discarding virtually all their most dangerous technologies in the aftermath, and reverting to a much less threatening level of technical expertise in the decades and centuries that followed.
		But since Kerguelen R&D and technology deployment was notoriously slow and haphazard but for those times the elite demanded a particular result, there were many holes in execution, plus a continuing sloppiness towards and sporadic fraternization with the humans, which led to memories, stories, and myths among the humans concerning the Kerguelen.
		Kerguelen cabbage (species Pringlea antiscorbutica; family Brassicaceae) is a rich source of vitamin C. The plant has adapted to the lack of winged insects on Kerguelen by evolving for wind pollination rather than the insect pollination its relatives elsewhere invite.
	www.jmooneyham.com /lost-civilization-kerguelen-reference-2.html (11494 words)

	Kerguelen Plateau
		The Kerguelen Plateau is an elevated region of sea floor in the southern Indian Ocean approximately equidistant from Africa and Australia.
		The Kerguelen mantle plume is considered responsible for extensive hotspot volcanism in the Indian Ocean basin (Figure 2), including the Ninetyeast Ridge, Broken Ridge, and the Kerguelen Plateau (Hassler and Shimizu, 1998).
		The strange nature of the formation of LIPs such as the Kerguelen Plateau may lead to insight regarding the nature of the plate-tectonics, volcanism, and other mechanisms that shape the surface of the earth.
	www.mtsu.edu /~cdharris/krglnplt.htm (1623 words)

	The Low Zone
		The island of Kerguelen is the small and isolated fl spot that appears on the far western side of each image, about halfway between the top and bottom.
		The southeast edge of the Kerguelen Plateau was a popular area for both sperm and minke whales, and 50% of humpback whale sightings were also associated with the Kerguelen Plateau.
		Kerguelen is still an active volcanic province; expeditions to the interior have discovered fumaroles and hot springs.
	daac.gsfc.nasa.gov /oceancolor/scifocus/oceanColor/low_zone.shtml (1317 words)

	Ancient Volcanic Cataclysms Discovered In The Indian Ocean
		Kerguelen Plateau is located in the southern Indian Ocean, is one-third the size of the United States, and is described as a large igneous province (LIP).
		To the north, the central Kerguelen Plateau and the once-contiguous Broken Ridge formed between 85 and 95 million years ago.
		In contrast, the northern Kerguelen Plateau is much younger, having formed less than 35 million years ago.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-02/NSF-AVCD-170299.php (509 words)

	Kerguelen Plateau crustal structure and basin formation from seismic and gravity data
		Predominantly oceanic crust of the southern and parts of the central Kerguelen Plateau appears to include continental fragments related to the breakup of India and Antarctica; these fragments may have been metamorphosed during emplacement of the main plateau.
		The upper crust is basaltic, the middle crust is intrusive mafic rock and intruded continental crust, and the lower crust is a plagioclase-rich metamorphic rock.
		A ∼1 km positive residual depth anomaly in the oceanic basins adjacent to the plateau, along with the positive geoid anomaly centered beneath the northern Kerguelen Plateau, imply that the lithosphere is partially dynamically supported by an upwelling hot asthenosphere of the Kerguelen hot spot.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2001/2001JB000370.shtml (345 words)

	The Arch of Kerguelen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen in 1772 discovered for France this large, rocky subarctic island, with its extensive grasslands but no trees, with birds and sea mammals but no human life.
		Kerguelen named it Desolation Island, but in the published account of the last voyage of Captain Cook, who briefly stopped there, Kerguelen's name was attached and it stuck.
		While wanderings across the island and describing his encounters--with a French fisherman escaping a troubled home life, with French paratroopers on a training mission, with scientists and with the "disker" who heads the small community--he also roams through the history of the island and its many personalities.
	www.phy6.org /outreach/books/Kerguelen.htm (526 words)

	CHRONOLOGY OF KERGUELEN PLATEAU AND BROKEN RIDGE MAGMATISM AND TECTONISM: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PLUME HYPOTHESIS AND THE ...
		High-quality radiometric age determinations are crucial for understanding the chronology and rates of Kerguelen hotspot magmatism, the dynamic mantle processes responsible for the magmatism, and temporal relationships between magmatism and potentially related environmental changes.
		Furthermore, paleolatitudes of Kerguelen Plateau and Ninetyeast Ridge rocks suggest 3°-10° of southward motion of the Kerguelen hotspot relative to the rotation axis since 100 Ma, a result that can be numerically modeled with large-scale mantle flow affecting the location of the plume conduit (Antretter et al., 2002).
		Thus, unlike the Iceland hotspot and the associated North Atlantic volcanic province and the Tristan hotspot and the associated Paraná/Etendeka flood basalt province, the peak output of the Kerguelen hotspot cannot be correlated temporally or spatially with a major phase of continental breakup and volcanic margin formation.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/183_SR/synth/synth_4.htm (1862 words)

	The Arch of Kerguelen by Jean-Paul Kauffmann (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In The Arch of Kerguelen, Kauffmann makes another sort of pilgrimage — to the islands in the southern Indian Ocean that some have called the most desolate on earth, the islands where Edgar Allen Poe's Captain Guy left a message in a bottle near the great arched rock.
		First discovered by Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen in 1772, these lost islands captured the Enlightenment's imagination in the form of poems and paintings with their surging waters, basalt castles, and stony silence.
		Kauffmann explores Kerguelen, its beauty and its desolation, and en route encounters the ghosts of those who preceded him in a story that is part travelogue, part history, and part meditation on isolation.
	www.4w8w.com /bookkauffmann2.html (520 words)

	ODP Leg 183 (Kergurelen Plateau)
		The Kerguelen Plateau/Broken Ridge LIP is the second largest LIP on Earth, and is thought to have been formed through mafic magmatism in Cretaceous time (Coffin and Eldholm, 1994).
		The Kerguelen Plateau is subdivided in several segments due to structural differences and temporal evolution (Coffin et al., 1986; in prep.): Southern Kerguelen Plateau, Central Kerguelen Plateau, Northern Kerguelen Plateau, Skiff Bank, Elan Bank and Labuan Basin (Figure 1).
		Five holes (1135-1140) were drilled through the overlying sedimentary cover and 100-150 m into basement on each segment of the Kerguelen Plateau (Figure 1); three of the holes were logged.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /BRG/ODP/ODP/LEG_SUMM/183/leg183.html (1551 words)

	Port aux Français, the scientific base of the Kerguelen archipelago (Travelog: 5/16) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The archipelago of Kerguelen (50°S / 70°S) is mainly composed by an island "Grande terre", intermingled with hundreds of smaller islands : the total surface is similar to the one of Corsica, but has as many kilometers of coasts than France, so much the shore is cut out in fjords and bays.
		To reach the scientific base, Port aux Français, established in the east of the archipelago, we must circumvent the major part of the archipelago by the south.
		The maritime zone around Kerguelen (as vast as France) is exploited by a trawler from La Réunion and several ukrainian ships which have a licence of fishing.
	www.edouard.com /travel/kerguelen/taaf5.html (434 words)

	NGDC/WDC for MGG Seafloor Series Volume 2-Core data from the ODP legs 101-129
		The occurrence of marine diatom-rich sediment for intervals of the upper Miocene, lower Pliocene, and upper Pliocene indicates fluctuation in the extent of the ice sheet and the waxing and waning of glaciers across the Prydz Bay shelf during the latter part of the late Miocene and Pliocene.
		Sediments recovered from the Northern Kerguelen Plateau consist of middle Eocene to lowermost Miocene calcareous claystone overlain by middle Miocene to Quaternary diatom and calcareous oozes; a major hiatus of 8 m.y.
		In the transition zone between the Northern and Southern Kerguelen plateaus, this hiatus, which extends over 15 m.y., is accompanied by a subsidence of about 500 m and is related to the separation by seafloor spreading of the Northern Kerguelen Plateau and Broken Ridge.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /mgg/geology/odp/data/119/odp119.htm (917 words)

	ULB - DSTE: Kerguelen Archipelago (Weis)
		The Kerguelen Archipelago on the northern Kerguelen Plateau (Fig.
		Prior to forming the Kerguelen Archipelago and perhaps Heard Island which are on the Antarctic plate, the long-lived (~115 my) Kerguelen plume formed a very large igneous province (Kerguelen Plateau) followed by a ~5000 km hotspot track (Ninetyeast Ridge).
		Specifically, if the archipelago formed on the thick Cretaceous lithosphere of the Kerguelen Plateau, the effects of thickened lithosphere on plume-derived magmatism would be to lower the extents of melting and increase the mean pressures of melt segregation (e.g., Ellam, 1992).
	homepages.ulb.ac.be /~dweis/research/KergArch.html (478 words)

	Kerguelen Plateau
		Kerguelen Plateau/Broken Ridge LIP to address four first order problems related to the characterization and quantification of mafic igneous crustal production and its effects during Cretaceous and Cenozoic time.
		The specific objectives are to: 1) determine the chronology of Kerguelen/Broken Ridge magmatism; 2) constrain mineralogy and composition of mantle sources, melting processes, and post-melting magmatic evolution; 3) evaluate the effects of LIP formation on the environment; 4) identify and interpret relationships between LIP development and tectonism.
		Studies of basement basalt obtained from dredges and drill cores from Legs 119 and 120 show that much of the southern Kerguelen Plateau formed at 110 to 115 Ma, whereas the central Kerguelen Plateau and parts of Broken Ridge are younger, ~85 Ma.
	www.ig.utexas.edu /research/projects/kerg/kerg_sites/kerg_sites.htm (1382 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Arch of Kerguelen: Voyage to the Islands of Desolation: Books: Jean-Paul Kauffmann (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Few islands are as remote as the Kerguelens, a treeless, roadless waste in the southern Indian Ocean.
		The islands were discovered in 1772 by Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen, a gloomy Breton whose disappointment with his find was reexperienced by everyone who tried to do anything with the Kerguelens.
		No tree grows in the Kerguelens, but the wind blows, a fierce, perpetual gale that shapes moods, accenting the sense of desolation, of geographical orphanage, that the Kerguelens impart.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/1568581688 (1421 words)

	Kerguelen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Kerguelen, or more properly the Kerguelen Islands, is an archipelago in the Southern Indian Ocean, thousands of miles away from 'civilization'.
		The geographical coordinates of Kerguelen are 49°20' S, 70°20' E (which places it just outside the polar circle).
		Kerguelen has a very windy climate, hence the name.
	www.kerguelen.org /kerguelen/index_en.shtml (151 words)

	Geotimes May 1999 - News Notes
		The origin of the Kerguelen Plateau, a large igneous province (LIP) in the southern Indian Ocean, has long been a mystery, but a recent expedition of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) helped answer the most perplexing questions.
		Led by co-chief scientists Millard F. “Mike” Coffin of the Institute for Geophysics at the University of Texas at Austin and Fred Frey of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the international team of 45 scientists collected a number of cores across the plateau and are continuing to study the recovered samples.
		Previous ODP expeditions recovered material that dated the Southern Kerguelen Plateau to 110-115 million years ago (Ma), and the Central Kerguelen Plateau to approximately 85 Ma.
	www.agiweb.org /geotimes/may99/newsnotes.html (3700 words)

	On Campus 07/01/99--UT Austin scientist plays major role in study of underwater "micro-continent"
		The researchers found evidence that the Kerguelen plateau they are studying had existed as a large landmass above sea level at three different times during an 80-million year period, before finally becoming submerged about 20 million years ago.
		The Kerguelen hot spot continues to erupt today at Heard and McDonald islands, albeit at rates much lower than those of more than 80 million years ago.
		The final stage of volcanism forming the Kerguelen LIP produced magmas rich with gases such as carbon dioxide, oxides of sulfur and water vapor, which may have caused global environmental change.
	www.utexas.edu /opa/pubs/oncampus/99oc_issues/oc990701/oc_continent.html (717 words)

	Journeys:Kerguelen
		The French scientist in charge of their SuperDARN radar on Kerguelen Island wanted somebody to go down and help him with some maintenance.
		Kerguelen is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean.
		The most important person to thank is Jean-Paul Villain, who was responsible for me going to Kerguelen in the first place and who allowed me time off for the trip to Port Jeanne d'Arc.
	www.caboose.org.uk /journeys/KERintro.html (460 words)

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