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Topic: Kermes Oak

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	White Oak - Herbal Index - herbindex.net
		The Newland Oak in Gloucestershire measures 46 feet 4 inches at 1 foot from the ground, and is one of the largest and oldest in the kingdom, these measurements being exceeded, however, by those of the Courthorpe Oak in Yorkshire, which Hooker reports as attaining the extraordinary girth of 70 feet.
		Oak sawdust used also to be the principal indigenous vegetable used in dyeing fustian, and may also be used for tanning, but is much inferior to the bark for that purpose.
		Oak apples have also been occasionally used in dyeing as a substitute for the imported Oriental galls, but the fl obtained from them is not durable.
	www.herbindex.net /white_oak.html (2000 words)

	Oak - ninemsn Encarta
		Oak, common name for a large genus of hardwood trees that are widespread in the North Temperate Zone.
		Oaks are distinguished from the other ten or so genera in the beech family, to which the oak genus belongs, by various technical characteristics of their minute, clustered flowers, but they are easily recognized by their distinctive fruit, the acorn.
		The sessile oak is classified as Quercus petraea; the pendunculate or English oak as Quercus robur; the holm oak as Quercus ilex; the kermes oak as Quercus coccifera; the cork oak as Quercus suber; the scarlet oak as Quercus coccinea, and the pin oak as Quercus palustris.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761553797/Oak.html (419 words)

	AllRefer.com - oak, Plant (Plants) - Encyclopedia
		Oaks are cultivated for ornament and are prized as the major source of hardwood lumber.
		The white oaks (e.g., the white, post, bur, cork, and holly oaks) are characterized by smooth-lobed leaves and acorns that mature in one year.
		Several unrelated plants are also called oak, e.g., the Jerusalem oak (a lobe-leaved annual of the goosefoot family) and the poison oak of the sumac family (see poison ivy).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/O/oak.html (507 words)

	Celtic Attic: Olde Worlds - Myths, Spirits and the Wee Folk - Oak Lore
		The new oak king was the child of the Oak Queen or of one of her vestal virgins.
		Blodeuwedd tied Llew Llaw's hair to an oak branch and made him stand with one foot on the rim of a bath and the other on the haunch of a sacred beast, in order to inflict upon him the sacred thigh injury that would allow him to be her husband, and king.
		The oak leaf is the life giver, the holder of the essence of the holy potency of the tree.
	www.celticattic.com /olde_world/myths/oak_lore.htm (3246 words)

	Oak - definition from Biology-Online.org
		green oak, oak wood coloured green by the growth of the mycelium of certain fungi.
		Oak apple, a large, smooth, round gall produced on the leaves of the American red oak by a gallfly (Cynips confluens).
		Oak spangle, a kind of gall produced on the oak by the insect Diplolepis lenticularis.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Oak (516 words)

	State of Forest Tree Genetic Resources in Albania
		Oak woodland, found above the shrub zone, is composed of oak or mixed forests of oak, hornbeam, fl pine, chestnut, ash, maple and linden.
		Oak forests are also valued for the high nutritive value of their leaves and acorns for cattle, especially during the winter.
		The multiple uses of oak forests and the deforestation caused by clearing land for agriculture have caused their massive degradation, the reduction of biodiversity and severe soil erosion.
	www.fao.org /docrep/007/j2108e/j2108e02.htm (1266 words)

	oak - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		OAK [oak] any tree or shrub of the genus Quercus of the family Fagaceae (beech family).
		Description of vegetation of the Oak Openings of northwestern Ohio at the time of Euro-American settlement (1).
		The hearty oaks of Europe endear and endure.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-oak.html (583 words)

	BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ALLOKERMES KINGII (HEMIPTERA: KERMESIDAE) ON OAK TREES (QUERCUS SPP.) Journal of ...
		The northern red-oak kermes scale, Allokermes kingii (Cockerell), is a native, gall-like scale insect found on oak trees (Quercus spp.) in the United States.
		Kermes scales (Hemiptera: Kermesidae) are native, gall-like insects that primarily infest oak trees (Fagaceae: Quercus spp.) in the eastern and midwestern United States (Kosztarab 1996; Scalenet 2004).
		Oaks are commonly planted street trees in the United States, and live oak (Q. virginiana Miller) is a particularly popular species in Florida (Harms 1990).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4107/is_200507/ai_n14777051 (952 words)

	Cochineal
		A similar insect dye was known in Europe in the form of the kermes insect (Kermes vermilio), a shield-louse that lives on the host tree Kermes oak.
		Kermes dyes have been found in the ecclesiastical burial wrappings in fourteenth and fifteenth-century England, at Baynards Castle in the fourteenth-century layers, and in Anglo-Scandinavian York.
		Kermes fell out of use with the introduction of cochineal in the sixteenth century due to the simple fact that, while the two dyes were comparable in quality and color intensity, ten to twelve times as much kermes was needed to produce the same effect as cochineal.
	www.bell.lib.umn.edu /Products/cochinea.html (1043 words)

	MFA - CAMEO - Material Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A natural red dye obtained from the dried bodies of the female insects, Kermes vermilio Planchon and Kermes ilicis (formerly Coccus ilicis), found in southern Europe on the small evergreen kermes oak, Quercus coccifera.
		Crimson lake pigment was made from kermes by extraction with alkali then precipitation on alumina trihydrate.
		Crimson lake was rarely used after carmine became popular in the 16th century and its use discontinued in the 19th century with the introduction of madder and alizarin lakes.
	www.mfa.org /_cameo/frontend/fullrecord.asp?name=kermes (218 words)

	oak — FactMonster.com
		the white oak, is the most important timber tree of the oak genus.
		Acorns, the fruit of oak trees, have long been employed as a source of hog feed, tannin (chiefly from valonia, the acorn cup of the Turkish oak,
		Several unrelated plants are also called oak, e.g., the Jerusalem oak (a lobe-leaved annual of the goosefoot family) and the poison oak of the sumac family (see
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0836248.html (454 words)

	type_Document_Title_here
		the peak in oak kermes dye use was a rather broad one, extending from the 12th century to the 16th century.
		The kermes worm is collected at this point, which jibes with various reports of insect gathering from kermes oaks in April and early May. The violet color of the female kermes insect at this point parallels that of the Ararat Cochineal insect.
		Based on all the evidence, kermes dye (kermesic acid) has been used as a textile dyeing substance since antiquity and its use was particularly high for such purposes as "Venetian Scarlet" in Mediterranean Europe and areas in the major Mediterranean trade channels from the 12th to the 16th century.
	www.rugreview.com /orr/8-5-33.htm (5804 words)

	Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--oak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Oak bark is not as high in tannin content as many other materials, and its use, which has extended over many centuries, has been due more to its ready availability than to any other factor.
		Despite its relatively low tannin content, oak bark was at one time used extensively in the manufacture of some very fine leathers, especially in England.
		Oak tannin is a combination of the pyrogallol and condensed tannins, in the ratio of one to two, but the real nature of the tannin is still somewhat obscure.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /don/dt/dt2349.html (207 words)

	Kermes Oak Wildflowers - by Provence Beyond
		1 A Kermes Oak pruned as a roadside hedge
		The Kermes oak grows very thickly on the hottest and driest hills throughout the region.
		A Kermes, by the way, is the name of the tiny insect that lives its entire life on the branches of this bush.
	www.beyond.fr /flora/oak-kermes.html (197 words)

	Forest Insect and Disease Newsletter: 08/31/98: Bur oak and the macarena; Kermes scale on bur oak: Minnesota DNR
		Aceria mackei mites attack spring foliage, causing large blister-like swellings on the upper surface of bur oak leaves.
		The blisters are similar in size and shape to injury by the oak leaf blister fungus, Taphrina cocrulescens.
		Kermes scales were found in scattered parts of Beltrami and Hubbard County.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /fid/august98/08319806.html (324 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Oak, Common - Herb Profile and Information
		The Oak is subject to a good deal of variation; many species have been defined and many oaks of foreign origin are grown in our parks, the longest established being the Evergreen or Holm Oak (Q.
		The oak galls used in commerce and medicine are excrescences on the Q.
		This species of oak seldom attains the height of 6 feet, the stem being crooked, with the habit of a shrub rather than a tree.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/o/oakcom01.html (2783 words)

	International Oak Society Publications
		International Oaks, the journal of the International Oak Society, is published annually and contains current research on the genus Quercus and its diverse ecosystem habitats.
		The oak tree is everywhere in the temperate zones of the world; knowing how to use it has made an astonishing difference to human history.
		Acorn-eating has sustained humans and animals; oak has been central to religious rites, heating, homemaking, and travel by land and sea; the ink from oak galls advanced the written word; oak casks have made possible food and drink storage and transport; oak ships have fought the dramatic naval battles that determined political and economic history.
	www.saintmarys.edu /~rjensen/iospubs.html (1467 words)

	Kermes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kermes (dye) made from it, of a crimson color
		Kermes the name of a berry, used in the once famous confectionery remedy alkermes.
		Kermes is also a term used to describe a mineral compound, Kermes mineral, which is derived from the mineral Kermesite
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kermes (114 words)

	kermes oak definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		kermes oak definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Search for "kermes oak" in all of MSN Encarta
		evergreen tree: a small evergreen oak tree that provides a habitat for the scale insects used to make kermes.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861677478/kermes_oak.html (93 words)

	Kermes Oak Scale
		This kermes scale appears to cause much more damage than the one on bur oak.
		Bur Oak Kermes: Insecticides may be sprayed in April as overwintering nymphs become active and/or in June when crawlers are active.
		Pin Oak Kermes: Insecticidal sprays should be applied in September when the crawlers are active.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /dp_hfrr/extensn/problems/kermes.htm (296 words)

	northern red-oak kermes, kermes scale - Allokermes kingii (Cockerell)
		In North America there are 32 species of Kermesidae in five genera, but in northeastern North America there are only nine species in four genera (Eriokermes, Nanokermes, Allokermes, and Kermes).
		The kermes scale, Allokermes kingii (Cockerell), is an important pest on oak (Quercus spp.) trees.
		Hamon AB, Lambdin PL, Kosztarab M. Life history and morphology of Kermes kingii in Virginia (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Kermesidae).
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /trees/scales/kermes_scale.htm (1397 words)

	Search for products to control Bur Oak Kermes based upon pesticides registered in various states to control Bur Oak ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Bur Oak Kermes is a 'pest' (an unwanted organism) that can be controlled through the use of pesticides.
		Pesticides, such as products to control Bur Oak Kermes, are regulated by State Departments of Agriculture.
		To find all products ever registered at EPA to control Bur Oak Kermes: www.kellysolutions.com/epadata (login as username: 'Guest' and password: 'Guest' - your results will be limited to 5 items).
	www.kellysolutions.com /searchpests/Bur_Oak_Kermes.htm (454 words)

	Fair Oaks CA Homes Condos Townhomes in Orangevale California CA
		Fair Oaks CA Homes Condos Townhomes in Orangevale California CA Orangevale CA Homes and Fair Oaks Townhomes/Condos
		We hope that We can help you buy or sell your Fair Oaks, Orangevale home, townhome or condo in Orangevale California and any of the surrounding areas including Antelope, Arden, Arcade, Carmichael, Citrus Heights, Downtown Sacramento, East Sacramento, El Dorado Hills, Folsom, Foothill Farms, Gold River, Granite Bay, Rancho Cordova, Rocklin and Roseville California.
		If you would like to personally ask us any questions about Orangevale real estate or real estate in general and would like to set up an appointment to discuss your real estate options, please do not hesitate to contact us at (916) 606-2148.
	www.fairoaks-orangevale-homes.com (483 words)

	Oak Questions
		Details: A homeowner calls and mentions that they are seeing dieback on their oak.
		It has been ruled out that there is no sign of disease or abiotic conditions that are causing this to happen.
		It is your job to make an accurate insect diagnosis for this homeowner's Oak tree so proper control methods can be followed.
	www.entomology.umn.edu /cues/MG/Oak/Oakquestions.html (174 words)

	kermes definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
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		red dyestuff: a purplish red dye obtained from the dried bodies of female scale insects of the genus Kermes, or the dried bodies of these insects
	ca.encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861677477/kermes.html (73 words)

	Kermes Oak - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The acorns are 2-3 cm long and 1.5-2 cm diameter when mature about 18 months after pollination, held in a cup covered in dense, elongated, reflexed scales.
		calliprinos) of the eastern Mediterranean, with some botanists including the latter in Kermes Oak as a subspecies or variety.
		This page was last modified 15:17, 3 July 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kermes_Oak (203 words)

	Allwords.com Definition of kermes
		Your Query of 'kermes' Resulted in 1 Matches
		The dried bodies of the female scale insect used as a red dyestuff.
		A small evergreen oak tree on which the insects breed.
	www.allwords.com /word-kermes.html (82 words)

	PlantFiles: Images of Kermes Shrub Oak (Quercus coccifera)
		PlantFiles: Images of Kermes Shrub Oak (Quercus coccifera)
		Nov 8, 4:06 AM Images of Kermes Shrub Oak (Quercus coccifera)
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	davesgarden.com /pf/showimage/98147 (115 words)

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