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Topic: Kernel (computer science)

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Microkernel

Operating system

AGNIX

L4 microkernel family

Operating system

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Linux kernel

File system

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Abstraction (programming)

User mode

Interprocess communication

Comparison of operating systems

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	Kernel (computer science) - Information at Halfvalue.com
		While monolithic kernels will try to achieve these goals by executing all the code in the same address space to increase the performance of the system, microkernels run most of their services in user space, aiming to improve maintainability and modularity of the codebase.
		Multi-tasking kernels are able to give the user the illusion that the number of processes being run simultaneously on the computer is higher than the maximum number of processes the computer is physically able to run simultaneously.
		While monolithic kernels execute all of their code in the same address space (kernel space) to increase the performance of the system, microkernels try to run most of their services in user space, aiming to improve maintainability and modularity of the codebase.
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Kernel_(computer_science) (5778 words)

	Computer Science
		Computer science is the art and science of developing automated, information-based processes, including modeling, algorithms, communication techniques, languages, implementation, performance measurement and prediction, and applications of such processes.
		Prerequisites: Computer Science 5 and one semester of calculus.
		Prerequisites: Mathematics 73 and 82 and Computer Science 60.
	www.hmc.edu /admin/colrel/catalogue/2000-2001/compsci.html (1958 words)

	Kernel (computer science) - CompWisdom
		Computer Science 110 (Computer Architecture and Operating Systems) develops a deep understanding of computer structure and its relationship to operating systems, the infrastructure upon which most software systems are built.
		Kernel Traffic is grateful to be developed on a computer donated by Professor Greg Benson and Professor Allan Cruse in the Department of Computer Science at the University of San Francisco.
		John A.Stankovic is a Fellow of the IEEE and a Professor in the Computer Science Department at the University of Massuchusetts at Amherst.
	www.compwisdom.com /topics/Kernel-(computer-science) (2761 words)

	Kernel (computer science) (Linux Reviews)
		The mechanisms or policies provided by the kernel can be classified according to several criteria, as: static (enforced at compile time) or dynamic (enforced at runtime); preemptive or post-detection; according to the protection principles they satisfy (i.e.
		While monolithic kernels execute all of their code in the same address space (kernel space) microkernels try to run most of their services in user space, aiming to improve maintainability and modularity of the codebase.
		Monolithic kernels are designed to have all of their code in the same address space (kernel space) to increase the performance of the system.
	linuxreviews.org /dictionary/Kernel_(computer_science) (6777 words)

	Kernel Definition
		Process management, possibly the most obvious aspect of a kernel to the user, is the part of the kernel that ensures that each process obtains its turn to run on the processor and that the individual processes do not interfere with each other by writing to their areas of memory.
		Whereas the BIOS always remains in the computer and is specific to its particular hardware, the kernel can be easily replaced or upgraded by changing or upgrading the operating system or, in the case of Linux, by adding a newer kernel or modifying an existing kernel.
		It is not necessary for a computer to have a kernel in order for it to be usable, the reason being that it is not necessary for it to have an operating system.
	www.bellevuelinux.org /kernel.html (1955 words)

	History \| About Us \| Computer Science \| University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
		This is our story, a timeline highlighting some of the major events involving the Department of Computer Science throughout the years.
		This major multidisciplinary institute is devoted to basic research in physical sciences and engineering and in life and behavioral sciences.
		Snir, an expert in parallel computing, had been with IBM T. Watson Research Center since 1986 as a senior researcher and was the project lead for IBM's Blue Gene System.
	www.cs.uiuc.edu /about/history.php (1888 words)

	University of Illinois Computer Science Department News
		The department of computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is pleased to welcome Julia Hockenmaier to the faculty.
		The Department of Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is pleased to welcome Professor William Gropp to the department.
		Computer science student Brandon Beamer and a team of linguistics students at the University of Illinois recently won first place in an international competition sponsored by the Association for Computational Linguistics, a society for people working on problems involving natural language and computation...
	www.cs.uiuc.edu /rss/cs-news.rss (4489 words)

	Kernel Locking Techniques
		As the kernel grows in size and kernel code paths become increasingly hard to predict, it is suggested you not use this version unless you really know what you are doing.
		Since SMP was introduced in the 2.0 kernel, each successive kernel revision has improved on the previous by implementing new locking primitives and providing smarter locking semantics by revising locking rules and eliminating global locks in areas of high contention.
		Kernel developers should do their part by writing code that implements smart, sane, proper locking with an eye to both scalability and reliability.
	james.bond.edu.au /courses/inft73626@033/Assigs/Papers/kernel_locking_techniques.html (2405 words)

	Writing AIX kernel extensions
		Kernel extensions are routines added to the kernel to extend its functions.
		Kernel extensions are an important part of the AIX kernel architecture, and they are similar to dynamically loadable modules available on other platforms, such as Linux®;, that add function to the running kernel without the need of a machine reboot.
		Dual-mode kernel extensions can be used to simplify the loading of kernel extensions that run on both the 32- and 64-bit kernels.
	www.ibm.com /developerworks/aix/library/au-kernelext.html?ca=drs- (2540 words)

	Earlham College \| Curriculum Guide \| Computer Science
		Computational research uses computers to simulate laboratory experiments or to perform experiments for which there is no laboratory analog.
		A study of algorithms and the data structures on which they are based, with a focus on the analysis of their correctness and complexity in terms of running time and space.
		A study of computability and non-computability from a perspective which views the problems to be solved as formal languages.
	www.earlham.edu /curriculumguide/computerscience/courses.html (778 words)

	Digital Hermit - Kernel-Build-HOWTO
		Even for older kernels, rebuilding is often necessary for low memory situations, esoteric hardware, and in cases where every ounce of performance must be extracted.
		The Linux kernel is often likened to the conductor in an orchestra.
		Luckily, the kernel does not need to be built on the same machine on which it will be deployed.
	www.digitalhermit.com /linux/Kernel-Build-HOWTO.html (5411 words)

	Linux Links - The Linux Portal: Kernel
		Kernel Cousin KDE is an attempt to track the activities of various developer mailing lists.
		Kernel Traffic is a group of newsletters, but it is also one particular newsletter that covers some activities of the linux-kernel mailing list, the main mailing list for Linux kernel development.
		Kernel Spinlock Metering for Linux: used to instruct the kernel to turn lock metering on or off, and to retrieve the metering data from the kernel and display it in a human-readable format
	www.linuxlinks.com /Kernel (1699 words)

	Can We Make Operating Systems Reliable and Secure?
		What consumers expect from a computer is what they expect from a TV set: You buy it, you plug it in, and it works perfectly for the next 10 years.
		Of course, the Linux kernel itself had to be modified to achieve paravirtualization, but this is a one-time change, and it is not necessary to repeat it for each device driver.
		A kernel bug can trash critical data structures, write garbage to the disk, and so on; a bug in most drivers and servers cannot do as much damage since these processes are strongly compartmentalized, and they are very restricted in what they can do.
	www.computer.org /portal/site/computer/menuitem.5d61c1d591162e4b0ef1bd108bcd45f3/index.jsp?&pName=computer_level1_article&TheCat=1005&path=computer/homepage/0506&file=cover1.xml&xsl=article.xsl& (5119 words)

	ScienceDaily: Factors Affecting Kernel Yield In Maize
		Science Daily — Understanding nitrogen metabolism is of critical importance to crop management, as nitrogen availability is one of the major factors limiting crop growth and yield.
		As noted by Dr. Hirel, "a more complete understanding of the roles of GS enzymes in nitrogen metabolism and grain yield in maize and other crop plants (including rice, wheat and barley) may lead to improvements in fertilizer usage and crop yield, thus mitigating the detrimental effects of the overuse of fertilizers on the environment".
		The gln1-4 phenotype displayed reduced kernel size whereas gln1-3 had reduced kernel number, and both phenotypes were evident in the gln1-3 gln1-4 double mutant.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/12/061207160130.htm (1096 words)

	[No title]
		Other kernel developers besides Linus need to be aware of your change, so that they may comment on it and offer code review and suggestions.
		It is important for a kernel developer to be able to "quote" your changes, using standard e-mail tools, so that they may comment on specific portions of your code.
		It is important to note, either in the subject line or in the patch description, the kernel version to which this patch applies.
	www.kernel.org /pub/linux/kernel/people/marcelo/linux-2.4/Documentation/SubmittingPatches (1238 words)

	Department Of Computer Science (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This course teaches basic computer literacy/programming skills: disk operating system (DOS) commands (to format disks and to create, manipulate, and remove directories and files), the authoring of ASCII text files, compiler usage in converting source programs into executable form, printer commands.
		CS 1337 Computer Science I (3 semester hours) Introduction to object-oriented software analysis, design, and development.
		CS 4340 Computer Architecture (3 semester hours) Boolean algebra and logic circuits; register transfer operations; design of a small computer; input, output, and interrupt organization; powerful addressing modes, instruction formats, and their hardware structures; microprogram control.
	www.cs.utdallas.edu /academics/ugcourses.html (1684 words)

	O'Reilly Media -- Bookstore: Understanding the Linux Kernel, Second Edition
		The book has been updated to cover version 2.4 of the kernel, which is quite different from version 2.2: the virtual memory system is entirely new, support for multiprocessor systems is improved, and whole new classes of hardware devices have been added.
		The kernel is Linux--in the case of the Linux operating system, it's the only bit of software to which the term "Linux" applies.
		The new edition of the book has been updated to cover version 2.4 of the kernel, which is quite different from version 2.2: the virtual memory system is entirely new, support for multiprocessor systems is improved, and whole new classes of hardware devices have been added.
	www.oreilly.com /catalog/linuxkernel2/index.html (766 words)

	Kernel (AC) - OnTiki
		The kernel is the central piece of software in the operating system.
		This Fisheye View shows the currrent entry and its close "relatives" in the AC Index.
		The [[MyWP:Kernel (computer science)kernel]] is the central piece of software in the [[MyWP:Operating systemsoperating system]].
	cfcl.com /cfcl/rdm/mediawiki/index.php/Kernel_(AC) (122 words)

	Is Computer Science
		In computer science, about the only thing we can prove is that traveling salesmen can't find their way from one place to another efficiently, and that unix hackers can't really decode 4o-bit keys by harnessing all the computers in the lab.
		Computer Science exists; Software Engineering exists; their relationship is, or should be, complementary.
		So, since much of science has to do with theoretical explanation, discovery, observation, and experimental investigation, I think it is perfectly reasonable to consider (specifically the development of software) as a science and an art.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?IsComputerScience (3447 words)

	Understanding the Linux Kernel (John's Book Pages)
		A second drawback of this book (and of any Linux kernel book) is that since it seems to take about as long to write a good book as it does to write a major version of the Linux kernel, as I write this review it's about to become obsolete -- it describes Linux version 2.2.
		Modern Linux kernels, on the other hand, avoid arbitrary limits on the numbers of many kinds of internal OS objects, do not use linear searches when the number of objects to be searched is potentially large, and use amortized algorithms in many places.
		In all parts of the kernel, any special knowledge about the way that OS services will be used is exploited in order to improve average-case performance.
	books.regehr.org /reviews/understandingthelinuxkernel.html (915 words)

	Privilege (computer science) Summary
		To allow for privileged instructions a "mode bit" is added into the computer's software to indicate one of two dual modes: monitor mode or user mode.
		A privilege in a computer system is a permission to perform an action.
		Examples of various privileges include the ability to create a file in a directory, or to read or delete a file, access a device, or have read or write permission to a socket for communicating over the Internet.
	www.bookrags.com /Privilege_(computer_science) (557 words)

	Kernel comparison: Web serving on 2.4 and 2.6
		In the 2.5/2.6 kernel testing, we have developed much more solid and complete test plans (see Resources for links to the 2.5 test plan and execution plans on SourceForge).
		To support NUMA hardware, the Linux kernel adapts a series of enhancements in several areas, including the scheduler, multi-path I/O, a user-level API to let a user understand the allocation of processor and memory resources to be used, and internal kernel APIs to let the kernel subsystems understand NUMA topology.
		The 2.6 kernel has also expanded the limitation of the major number from 255 to 4095 and has allowed more than one million subdevices per type.
	www-106.ibm.com /developerworks/linux/library/l-web26/index.html (2574 words)

	Computer Science Or Software Engineering
		Computer Science has progressed enough in the past forty years the we can now begin to develop the field of Software Engineering.
		At my school (http://cs.millersv.edu/), turing machines, push-down automata, and finite automata (including regular expressions) are covered as a sophomore in a class on computational models that is a required class for all majors.
		As for Computer Science as it's taught: When I got my MSCS (1979-1981) from the University of Wisconsin at Madison (in the "systems programming" track that 90% of the students were in), we learned all the usual useless things: how compilers, operating systems, and databases are implemented.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?ComputerScienceOrSoftwareEngineering (3528 words)

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