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Topic: Kerr cell

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	Kerr Cell
		The electro-optic effect was utilised in early television instruments as a means of modulating a beam of light electrically; one of the present day applications is in the field of high speed photography where a Kerr cell is used as the shutter, giving speeds as short as 100 nanoseconds.
		The collection of Kerr cells in the Hunterian Museum include many large shaped blocks of glass which represent a considerable technique in the drilling and shaping.
		Kerr applied the output from an induction coil to two metal probes inserted in the holes, to observe this effect.
	www.elec.gla.ac.uk /groups/opto/Kerr.html (593 words)

	Kerr effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kerr effect or the quadratic electro-optic effect (QEO effect) is a change in the refractive index of a material in response to an electric field.
		The Kerr electro-optic effect, or DC Kerr effect, is the special case in which the electric field is a slowly-varying external field applied by, for instance, a voltage on electrodes across the material.
		Because the Kerr effect is relatively weak, a typical Kerr cell may require voltages as high as 30 kV to achieve complete transparency.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kerr_effect (1093 words)

	John Kerr (physicist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The effect is exploited in the Kerr cell which is used in applications such as shutters in high-speed photography, with shutter-speeds as fast as 100 ns.
		Kerr's original cell was a glass block while modern cells are more commonly filled with liquids such as nitrobenzene.
		In the Kerr Effect, the change in refractive index is proportional to the square of the electric field.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/John_Kerr_(physicist) (437 words)

	Is the Velocity of Light Constant in Time?
		This left many cells with too few data points so a 20 year range was substituted grouping the 18th century data into a single cell and adjusting the final cell to 1947-1967.
		The smaller cells must be regarded as having insufficient data to be credible.
		Typical of the credibility problem is the Roemer cell whose tests are not significant, yet a least-squares regression line shows an average decrease of 27.5 km/sec/year which is significant at the 99.99% confidence level.
	www.ldolphin.org /cdkgal.html (3446 words)

	Stem Cell Research: From Start To Infinite Possibility \| References
		Fusion of bone-marrow-derived cells with Purkinje neurons, cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes.
		The promise of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases.
		Differentiation of engrafted neuronal-restricted precursor cells is inhibited in the traumatically injured spinal cord.
	www.newdrugs.com /stem-cell-references.htm (1966 words)

	Electro-optical (Kerr, Pockels, and Faraday effect)
		Often used to create extremely high speed shutters, the Kerr effect is an anisotropic change in the index of refraction of a substance in response to an electric field.
		The problems with a Kerr Cell are: nitrobenzene is a volatile solvent which is remarkably toxic; the effect is proportional to the square of the E-field, which is no problem for a shutter application, but not as appropriate for a measurement application.
		The Pockels effect is similar to that of the Kerr effect, except that the change in index is linearly proportional to the electric field.
	home.earthlink.net /~jimlux/hv/eo.htm (728 words)

	Starrett camera at CMP
		A mechanical shutter was not fast enough; so he chose the Kerr Cell, a device that when electrically charged would allow light to pass through.
		But to use the Kerr Cell as a shutter required a very intense light source.
		Through the adding of a Pockels Cell to the laser design, Starrett increased control over the light source so that the camera could be operated with an open shutter.
	www.cmp.ucr.edu /exhibitions/starrett (908 words)

	911 Cell Phone Bank Drop Off Locations
		Any personal information including but not limited to the aforementioned data could be used in a negative manner and it is the sole responsibility of the user to clear all information that could be harmful to the user if made public.
		If you would like to donate your cell phone you can print a shipping label and send your phone directly to us.
		Search for a place to drop off your cell phone in your area.
	www.911cellphonebank.com /drop-off-locations.asp (175 words)

	Definition for word(s) Kerr cell - The Photonics Directory
		A cell filled with a transparent material that, when placed in a strong electrical field, exhibits double refraction.
		Since the two polarized elements of an incident light beam travel at different phase velocities in the medium, this device can rotate the plane of polarization.
		When placed between crossed Nicol prisms, the Kerr cell, usually containing nitrobenzene, can act as a very fast shutter for light beams.
	www.photonics.com /directory/dictionary/lookup.asp?url=lookup&entrynum=2764&letter=k (139 words)

	AllRefer.com - Kerr cell Information
		The cell consists of a transparent container of a special liquid in which there are two electrodes, placed between two polarizing materials in the container.
		Only if the planes of polarization of all the various layers in the cell are aligned will light pass, and so the Kerr cell can be used as a shutter device.
		Helicon Publishing is a division of Research Machines.
	www.allrefer.com /kerr-cell (125 words)

	IEEE - Masaru Ibuka, 1908 - 1997
		He graduated from Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, with the B.S. degree in electrical communications in 1933.
		His thesis was on an experimental projection-type television system using a nitro-benzol Kerr cell, a pair of Nichol's prisms, and a carbon arc with a rotating mirror wheel.
		He also conducted experiments on Kerr-cell-modulated light-beam channel distant speech communications, etc.
	www.ieee.org /web/aboutus/history_center/biography/ibuka.html (672 words)

	Tim Richardson : For Kerr Lake; Vance and Granville County Real Estate
		Tim Richardson : For Kerr Lake; Vance and Granville County Real Estate
		Tim Richardson - Kerr Lake Properties; and Granville/Vance Counties
		Last Updated 11-Sep-07 - All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed.
	www.kerrlakerealestate.com (140 words)

	Kerr Electro-Optic Effect Formal Report
		In considering the DC Kerr effect, one does not have to be concerned with response time, because a varying electric field is applied to the Kerr material the response time is usually on the order of femto- or micro- seconds.
		The Kerr cell would act as the line of communication, and the bandwidth would be increased by exploiting the four wave mixing within the material as selectively enhancing certain wavelengths of the light sent into the material.
		The Kerr cell and polarizer would be arranged so that when the voltage is applied to the cell all light would be effectively 'eclipsed from sight' by the arrangement.
	www.pha.jhu.edu /~mstone/Kerr/kerrpaperentire.html (3779 words)

	Rex Kerr, Ph.D.
		Thanks to the work of Kerr and others, it is now possible to record the activity of individual neurons using calcium indicators—a technique that is now used in a number of labs in the C.
		Kerr used his knowledge of biophysics and computer programming to extend MCell to simulate signal transduction pathways and used these new capabilities to study dynamic processes in bacterial cell division.
		Kerr said Janelia Farm "has the potential to be great—but we don't know how it will turn out." He first learned of Janelia Farm from his two mentors, Bill Schafer and Terry Sejnowski, at virtually the same time.
	www.hhmi.org /research/fellows/kerr_bio.html (868 words)

	ApoReview - Introduction to Apoptosis
		The apoptotic mode of cell death is an active and defined process which plays an important role in the development of multicellular organisms and in the regulation and maintenance of the cell populations in tissues upon physiological and pathological conditions.
		In the cell, caspases are synthesized as inactive zymogens, the so called procaspases, which at their N-terminus carry a prodomain followed by a large and a small subunit which sometimes are separated by a linker peptide.
		B cells transfected with Bcl-2 were shown to be rendered resistant towards apoptosis induced by IL-3 withdrawal: for the first time it was shown that the pathway toward tumorigenesis depends not only on the ability to escape growth control but also depends on the ability to prevent apoptosis [Vaux, 1988].
	www.celldeath.de /encyclo/aporev/aporev.htm (8339 words)

	Scientific American: Tough Cell to Investors (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Not only is stem cell research the most politicised field in the history of science, it is also one of the most dauntingly complex.
		Stem cells have not been developed as a platform, and too many companies are focusing on a single treatment for a specific disease.
		That public expectations of the ability of stem cells to provide cures for degenerative disease and severe trauma have gotten so far ahead of what the science can to deliver is largely because of the publicity given to small-scale trials with adult stem cells.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=000EF599-371E-12BC-ADB783414B7F014C (1508 words)

	Drosophila tissue and organ development: Malpighian tubules
		Each cluster is delineated by the expression of proneural genes; the selection of a single cell from each group involves lateral inhibition, mediated by the neurogenic genes.
		Type II cells are distributed evenly throughout the initial, transitional and main segments of posterior tubules and within the main segment of anterior tubules.
		None of the enhancer trap markers mark cells in the lower tubule or ureter, suggesting that the mechanism by which type II cells are specified respects the newly defined lower tubule boundary.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/aimorph/maltubls.htm (2994 words)

	Multiple-stage optical Kerr gate system (US5227912)
		In a first embodiment, the system includes at least two optical Kerr gates, each Kerr gate including a polarizer, an optical Kerr cell actuable by a pump pulse, and an analyzer.
		In a second embodiment, at least one of the Kerr cells may be eliminated by arranging the respective sets of polarizers and analyzers so that they share a common Kerr cell.
		The system of the present invention may also include means for causing the pump pulse to arrive at the second Kerr cell (in the case of the first embodiment) or at a single Kerr cell a second time (in the case of the second embodiment) non-synchronously with the arrival of the probe pulse thereat.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US05227912 (591 words)

	Transverse Zeeman laser - Patent 5995526
		1, the laser 12, the photoelastic cell 24, and the high-reflection mirror 26 are all suitably aligned such that a resonator 28 is defined between the mirrored surfaces of the coupling mirror 20 and the high-reflection mirror 26.
		The photoelastic cell 24 exhibits perpendicular privileged directions 34 (directions of principal stress, depicted by arrows F in the figures), and the photoelastic cell 24 is intentionally arranged such that one privileged direction 34 coincides with the direction of the magnetic field 32.
		Birefringent materials and Kerr and Pockel cells are suitable for use in the photoelastic unit (24, 36, or 38).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5995526.html (4545 words)

	Hopkins Medical News: Mending Paralysis
		At 35, Doug Kerr is a man of sunny disposition and the courage of his convictions, something, he jokes, that sprang from acting in contrast to his "mouthy twin sister" as he grew up.
		Kerr's plan would be to replicate the symptoms of ALS and then to introduce neuron stem cells over a broad swath of the nervous system in the stricken animals.
		Kerr infected one rat brain directly with the existing virus and after a time collected a small amount of a slightly more virulent strain that had prospered there.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /hmn/W02/feature.html (3269 words)

	Scientific American: Tough Cell to Investors
		Not only is stem cell research the most politicised field in the history of science, it is also one of the most dauntingly complex.
		So while stem cells have the potential to provide therapies for a vast range of ills, it is proving hard to attract the investment needed to develop them.
		That public expectations of the ability of stem cells to provide cures for degenerative disease and severe trauma have gotten so far ahead of what the science can to deliver is largely because of the publicity given to small-scale trials with adult stem cells.
	sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=000EF599-371E-12BC-ADB783414B7F014C (1508 words)

	Offshore Enews Apr 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The cell spar—a third-generation design—provides the industry with continued opportunities to lower fabrication costs, again reducing the complexity of steel fabrication by simplifying the design concept, thus increasing operator flexibility in selecting where the hull can be built.
		The cell spar’s new hull concept features six outer cylinders or cells surrounding an inner cell, all connected by framing decks at regular intervals, rather than a single large caisson unit; a polyester mooring system, which is more buoyant than traditional chain-wire systems; and a topside-operated compressed air ballast system.
		The cell spar hull will have a diameter of 64 feet, with each of the seven cylinders or tubes two feet apart and measuring 20 feet in diameter.
	www.eagle.org /prodserv/offshore-enews-8/firstcell.html (986 words)

	The Johns Hopkins Gazette: November 6, 2000
		In the rodent study, however, injected stem cells migrated to broadly damaged areas of the spinal cord.
		In the study of 18 rodents, the researchers injected stem cells into the animals' cerebrospinal fluid via a hollow needle at the base of the spinal cord, like a spinal tap in reverse.
		Within several weeks, the cells migrated to the ventral horn, a region of the spinal cord containing the bodies of motor nerve cells.
	www.jhu.edu /~gazette/2000/nov0600/06graft.html (631 words)

	Cell (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As the cell and cell members express the love of Jesus and His life in their life these people will be drawn to Christ.
		Cell is a great environment for helping us to identify our ministry and learn how to express and share our experience of God and develop our God given gifts of the Holy Spirit.
		To this end Cell UK provides a range of resources for those interested in cell church, in the process of transitioning to the cell church model or planting a new cell church.
	www.hmchurch.plus.com /cell.html (1344 words)

	The In Vivo Time Course for Elimination of Adrenalectomy-Induced Apoptotic Profiles from the Granule Cell Layer of the ...
		Cell death is a common phenomenon that plays an important role in the control of the morphology and size of forming tissues
		cells was obvious in the inner portion of the granule cell layer.
		Wyllie AH, Kerr JFR, Currie AR (1980) Cell death: the significance of apoptosis.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/17/11/3981 (5327 words)

	Douglas Kerr (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Douglas Kerr, MD/PhD is an Assistant Professor of Neurology with a joint appointment in the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology.
		Kerr also has research interest in determining the cause(s) of transverse myelitis, evaluating novel markers to help prognosticate outcomes in the acute phase, and in developing novel treatments.
		Kerr also investigates neural stem cells as a potential tool for functional recovery in patients with transverse myelitis and motor neuron disease.
	www.celltx.org /2004/kerr.htm (129 words)

	Calcium-activated RAF/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway Mediates p53-dependent Apoptosis and Is Abrogated by ...
		N/N1003A cells were grown to 100% confluence and then either pretreated with 50 µM UO126 (lane 4) or 0.01% DMSO (lane 3) for 6 h followed by treatment with 5 µM calcimycin for 18 h in MEM.
		N/N1003A cells were grown to 100% confluence and then either pretreated with 50 µM UO126 (right) or 0.01% DMSO (left) for 6 h followed by treatment with 5 µM calcimycin for 0, 1, 5, or 10 h in MEM.
		B-crystallin-transfected cells (lanes 4 and 5) were treated with 0.01% DMSO (lanes 2 and 4) or 5 µM calcimycin (lanes 3 and 5) for 18 h.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16000378 (7074 words)

	Damn Interesting » Rapatronic Nuclear Photographs
		Edgerton 's rapatronic camera appears to have used this property in combination with a Kerr cell– a nifty and obscure optical element which rotates light's plane of polarization when a high-voltage field is applied.
		When the Kerr cell was energized, it affected all of the light which passed through the first polarizer by rotating its plane of polarization by 90°, realigning the light to match the second polarizer.
		This allowed the light to pass through both polarizers whenever the Kerr cell was provided with electricity, which is exactly what was done for 10 nanoseconds at the critical moment.
	www.damninteresting.com /?p=456 (4590 words)

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