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Topic: Ketamine

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	Ketamine (page 1)
		Ketamine causes a rise in intracranial pressure and should not be used in patients who have sustained a recent head injury.
		Ketamine crosses the placenta easily and concentrations in the fetus are approximately the same as those in the mother.
		Ketamine may be used as the sole anaesthetic agent for a large number of superficial operations and procedures in both adults and children.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u04/u04_010.htm (1014 words)

	Ketamine
		Ketamine is similar molecularly to phencyclidine (PCP) and thus creates similar effects including numbness, loss of coordination, sense of invulnerability, muscle rigidity, aggressive/violent behavior, slurred or blocked speech, exaggerated sense of strength, and a blank stare.
		Since ketamine is an anesthetic, it stops the user from feeling pain, which could lead the user to inadvertently cause injury to himself/herself.
		Ketamine may relieve tension and anxiety, is purported to be a sexual stimulant, and intensifies colors and sounds.
	www.streetdrugs.org /ketamine.htm (384 words)

	Ketamine \| CESAR
		Ketamine is generally preferred in many of these instances because it does not have as deep a sedative effect as other medications.
		Ketamine has over the past few years been thought of as a ‘club drug’ (this term is used for a number of illicit drugs, primarily synthetics, that are most commonly encountered at nightclubs and “raves”).
		Larger doses of ketamine may produce what users refer to as a “K-hole.” A K-hole is generally reached when the user is on the brink of being fully sedated and is likened to an out-of-body or near-death experience.
	www.cesar.umd.edu /cesar/drugs/ketamine.asp (1143 words)

	DEA's Diversion Control Program - What's New
		Ketamine hydrochloride, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-cyclohexanone hydrochloride, is a white crystalline powder, which is soluble in water.
		Ketamine is abused by teenagers and young adults; who frequent the "rave" or "techno" parties popular in large urban cities.
		Ketamine is mainly distributed as a dried powder or as a liquid in small vials or bottles.
	www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov /drugs_concern/ketamine/ketamine.htm (676 words)

	Ketamine
		Ketamine hcl, a cat tranquilizer and the most commonly used anesthetic in the Vietnam War, is also used in sexual assault on occasion since it puts the victim in a frozen state for at least a brief period of time.
		Ketamine is still used as an anesthetic for children in whom the unpleasant emergence reactions aren’t an issue.
		Ketamine has been used for repeated procedures such as radiation therapy and the changing of burn dressings in which analgesia (pain reduction) is desired by deep anesthesia is not required or may even be dangerous (depressing vitals).
	www.projectghb.org /ketamine.htm (1186 words)

	D.A.A.P.: Facts About Ketamine
		Chemically known as 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)- cyclohexanonec, ketamine (commercially sold as Ketalar®) is a powerful anaesthetic used in the UK mainly by vets on farm animals, although it does have some human medical applications.
		Ketamine causes hallucinations (the user may feel as if they have entered another reality) and as an anaesthetic stops the user feeling pain, which could lead the user to cause unwitting injury to him or herself.
		Ketamine is a prescription only medicine and so is not covered by the Misuse of Drugs Act, but is covered by the Medicines Act in the U.K.
	www.daap.ca /factsonketamine.html (322 words)

	Drug Info
		Ketamine hydrochloride ("Special K" or "K") was originally created for use as a human anaesthetic, and is still used as a general anaesthetic for children, persons of poor health, and in veterinary medicine.
		Ketamine belongs to a class of drugs called "dissociative anaesthetics," which separate perception from sensation.
		Ketamine usually comes as a liquid in small pharmaceutical bottles, and is most often cooked into a white powder for snorting.
	www.dancesafe.org /documents/druginfo/ketamine.php (346 words)

	About Ketamine
		Ketamine can be mixed with other street drugs, intensifying the dangerous nature of its effects.
		Ketamine, which comes in a powder form, can be sprinkled on tobacco or marijuana or mixed with other powerful drugs like LSD or speed (Methamphetamines).
		Ketamine users often have short attention spans and lose interest in things they once found fun or exciting.
	www.voiceofthevictims.com /aboutketamine.htm (282 words)

	The A-Z of Drugs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Ketamine is a short-acting but powerful general anaesthetic which has been used for operating on humans and animals.
		Ketamine is very dangerous when it is mixed with other drugs or even alcohol, for example it can lead to unconsciousness with depressant drugs or alcohol.
		Ketamine is a Class C drug which means that it's illegal to possess it and to supply it.
	www.talktofrank.com /azofdrugs/K/Ketamine.aspx (362 words)

	eMedicine - Ketamine: Emergency Applications : Article by James Li, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Ketamine produces neither hypotension (except in severe states in which catecholamine stores are totally depleted) nor respiratory depression; therefore, ketamine is ideal for use in emergency cases in which patients are in mild-to-moderate shock (Bhattacharya, 1994; Gurnani, 1996; Warncke, 1997; Javery, 1996).
		The peripheral adrenergic response to ketamine is characterized by catecholamine release and norepinephrine-reuptake inhibition.
		Coppel DL, Dundee JW: Ketamine anaesthesia for cardiac catheterization.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic802.htm (10181 words)

	Ketamine: Fast Facts
		Ketamine is the drug flavor-of-the-month in much of the United States and Europe right now, particularly among dance-club devotees and ravers.
		Although ketamine was developed as a surgical anesthetic, the "emergence" reactions it triggers on awakening limited its acceptance.
		For years, ketamine was not a controlled substance, but was placed under Schedule III of the Controlled Substance Act by the Drug Enforcement Administration in August, 1999.
	www.doitnow.org /pages/529.html (348 words)

	Ketamine
		Ketamine is an anesthetic used primarily for veterinary purposes.
		Ketamine is called "dissociative" in action, which means that it feels as if the mind is "separated" from the body.
		Ketamine causes hallucinations (the user may feel as if they have entered another reality) and, as an anesthetic, stops the user feeling pain, which could lead to unknowingly causing self-injury.
	www.fdle.state.fl.us /OSI/crimebriefs/ketamine/ketamine.html (414 words)

	Ketamine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Ketamine is widely used in veterinary medicine, and is not currently a controlled drug.
		Ketamines reputation among the drug subculture is patchy, users generally give a negative rating (mean 2.58/10), with the majority giving it a zero, but an even spread of attitudes among other responses (fig 5).
		He did not consider that Ketamine would become a widespread drug of abuse, "as Ketamine lacks the euphoric and social properties that led to the widespread use of MDMA, the drug is likely to disappear as suddenly as it seems to have emerged".
	www.idmu.co.uk /ketamine9802.htm (3327 words)

	Ketamine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ketamine, like Phencyclidine, is primarily a non-competitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor, which opens in response to binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate.
		Ketamine is racemic, and its R and S stereoisomers have different binding affinities: (S)-Ketamine has about four times greater affinity for the PCP site of the NDMA receptor than does (R)-Ketamine (in guinea pig brain).
		Ketamine is featured also in the episode 44 of the HBO tv-series Six Feet Under, where Russell, one of the students in Claire's art school, reports his experiences after a lengthy trip.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ketamine (2520 words)

	Ketamine - Frequently Asked Questions - The Good Drugs Guide
		Ketamine is restricted to use in hospitals by the Medicines Act as a prescription only medicine.
		Ketamine is used in hospitals all around the world 'for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia.' It's recommended for us on children and geriatrics because it is very safe and gentle anaesthetic.
		Ketamine does not appear to be physically addictive, but recent research and anecdotal reports do point to Ketamine being extremely habit-forming, especially for injecting users.
	www.thegooddrugsguide.com /ketamine/faq.htm (976 words)

	nusonline.co.uk
		Ketamine is a rapidly acting general anaesthetic used by vets and leaves the user in a state of intoxication or delirium, accompanied by an inability to move, feel pain or remember what has happened whilst under the influence.
		Ketamine should not be taken with respiratory depressants, primarily alcohol, barbiturates, or Valium and because of the uncertain interaction with other drugs, it is advised not to mix ketamine with anything.
		Ketamine was classified as a Class C drug under the Under the Drugs Act 2005, with the legislation taking effect from 1st Jan, 2006.
	www.nusonline.co.uk /info/drugs/272289.aspx (489 words)

	Hallucinogenic ketamine resonates at raves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Ketamine is used by veterinarians to sedate cats and monkeys.
		Ketamine -- a white, powdery substance often mixed in drinks, taken in pill form or administered through intramuscular injection -- also acts as a stimulant on the central nervous system.
		Because ketamine works on the same receptor as alcohol, Wilson says combining these two increases the chance of dying through respiratory depression, which means your brain forgets to tell your lungs to breathe.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /youngandhigh/hall03.shtml (477 words)

	Canada Gazette
		Ketamine is commonly referred to as "special k", "kit kat", and "cat valium" on the streets, and has become popular as a "party or club drug" due to its dissociative effects; it creates the illusion of an "out of body experience".
		Ketamine is an analogue of PCP and is therefore captured under Schedule I of the CDSA.
		Ketamine is a popular substance that has been used licitly in veterinary medicine for many years as a Schedule F prescription drug.
	canadagazette.gc.ca /partII/2005/20050921/html/sor270-e.html (1679 words)

	Drugs and Human Performance FACT SHEETS - Ketamine
		Ketamine is rapidly distributed into brain and other highly perfused tissues, and is 12% bound in plasma.
		Ketamine and its metabolites undergo hydroxylation and conjugation.
		Alfentanil is additive to ketamine in decreasing pain and increasing cognitive impairment.
	www.nhtsa.dot.gov /people/injury/research/job185drugs/ketamine.htm (1526 words)

	KETAMINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Ketamine is the most potent NMDA-receptor-channel blocker available for clinical use, binding to the phencyclidine site when the channels are in the open activated state.
		Ketamine has other actions which may also contribute to its analgesic effect, including interactions with other calcium and sodium channels, cholinergic transmission, noradrenergic and serotoninergic re-uptake inhibition (intact descending inhibitory pathways are necessary for analgesia) and µ,δ; and κopioid-like effects.
		Ketamine is used less in centres where spinal analgesia is readily available or where methadone is used as the NMDA-receptor-channel blocker of choice; the affinity of methadone and ketamine for the NMDA-receptor-channel binding site is approximately the same.
	www.palliativedrugs.com /content/monographs/KETAMINE.html (1465 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Club 'horse' drug to be outlawed
		Ketamine, nicknamed "special K", is currently legal but will become a Class C drug from 1 January.
		Ketamine is a general anaesthetic which has been used in hospitals and in veterinary medicine since the 1970s.
		Ketamine can be dangerous when taken in conjunction with alcohol or other depressants, and users can be unable to move or feel pain while on the drug.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/4564606.stm (377 words)

	Inhalants - Drug Facts - above the influence
		Ketamine is an odorless, tasteless drug that is found in liquid, pill and powder form.
		Ketamine was developed as an anesthetic for veterinarians to use on animals.
		Some ketamine experiences involve a terrifying feeling of almost complete sensory detachment that is likened to a near-death experience.
	www.abovetheinfluence.com /the-influence/drugs-ketamine.htm (164 words)

	Ketamine Information \| Effects of Ketamine \| What is Ketamine?
		Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic developed in 1963 to replace PCP and currently used in human anesthesia and veterinary medicine.
		Ketamine's chemical structure and mechanism of action are similar to those of PCP.
		Ketamine is odorless and tasteless, so it can be added to beverages without being detected, and it induces amnesia.
	www.drugfree.org /Portal/drug_guide/Ketamine (273 words)

	Earth Operations Central: Ketamine: Trick or Treat
		Ketamine's major consistent effect is dissociation, the adoption of an objective or dispassionate perspective.
		The most likely scenario is that we will see an initial surge of Ketamine experimentation fuelled by media articles like this one, warning us of the "new devil drug", and the renewed enthusiasm for quasi-psychedelics prompted by Ecstasy that has overtaken us in recent years.
		However, as Ketamine lacks the euphoric and social properties that led to the widespread use of MDMA, the drug is likely to disappear as suddenly as it seems to have emerged.
	earthops.org /ketamine.article (2455 words)

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