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	Ketorolac - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ketorolac or ketorolac tromethamine (marketed as Toradol® - generics have been approved) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the family of propionic acids, often used as an analgesic, antipyretic (fever reducer), and anti-inflammatory.
		Ketorolac in its oral and intramuscular preparations is a racemic mixture of R-(+)(which is the salt 1H-Pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid,5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro- ketorolac) and S-(-) (which does not have the 1H-Pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid,5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro group) ketorolac.
		Ketorolac is contraindicated against patients with a previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to ketorolac, and against patients with the complete or partial syndrome of nasal polyps, angioedema, bronchospastic reactivity or other allergic manifestations to aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (due to possibility of severe anaphylaxis).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ketorolac (749 words)

	DDIL\ketorolac
		Ketorolac tromethamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that received authorization for marketing at the beginning of the nineties for the short-term management of post-operative pain.
		The major advantages of ketorolac over opiates in post-operative pain are the more rapid return to normal GI function, less sedation, nausea and vomiting, and a probable shorter hospital stay which, it has been claimed, may compensate for its greater cost (7).
		According to the authors, the study was conceived before ketorolac was marketed and focused on two major outcomes: GI bleeding and operative site bleeding, which were expected to be the major risks of the drug as compared with opiates, the standard therapy for post-operative pain, and the natural control for this study.
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /Organizations/ddil/ketorolac.html (3469 words)

	ketorolac Information on Healthline
		celecoxib naproxen valdecoxib indomethacin ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine diclofenac ketoprofen piroxicam flurbiprofen sulindac meloxicam etodolac nabumetone ketorolac oxaprozin magnesium salicylate tolmetin fenoprofen
		Ketorolac is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether ketorolac will be harmful to an unborn baby.
		However, ketorolac should not be taken during the last 3 months of pregnancy (the third trimester) because a similar drug is known to affect the baby's heart.
	www.healthline.com /drugs/toradol/D00273A1.htm (821 words)

	Injectable ketorolac for postoperative pain
		Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which is licensed for short term use in the management of moderate to severe postoperative pain.
		Ketorolac was significantly more effective than placebo, with an NNT of 5.7 (3.0 to 53).
		Ketorolac was significantly more effective than placebo, with an NNT of 3.4 (2.5 to 4.9).
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /Bandolier/booth/painpag/Acutrev/Analgesics/AP023.html (429 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Ketorolac Ophthalmic
		Ketorolac ophthalmic is used to treat itchy eyes caused by allergies.
		Ketorolac ophthalmic is in a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
		For treatment of itchy eyes caused by allergies, continue to use ketorolac ophthalmic until you are no longer exposed to the substance that causes your symptom, allergy season is over, or your doctor tells you to stop using it.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a601241.html (733 words)

	[No title]
		Ketorolac tromethamine is CONTRAINDICATED in patients with active peptic ulcer disease, in patients with recent gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation, and in patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding.
		Ketorolac tromethamine is CONTRAINDICATED in patients with advanced renal impairment, or in patients at risk of renal failure due to volume depletion (see WARNINGS for correction of volume depletion).
		Ketorolac tromethamine is CONTRAINDICATED in labor and delivery because, through its prostaglandin synthesis inhibitory effect, it may adversely affect fetal circulation and inhibit uterine contraindications, thus increasing the risk of uterine hemorrhage.
	www.best-meds.com /druginfo/toradol_overdosage.htm (322 words)

	ACS :: Cancer Drug Guide: ketorolac tromethamine
		Ketorolac tromethamine is a nonopioid analgesic that belongs to the general class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
		Ketorolac tromethamine is given as an injection in a muscle or vein, or by mouth as a pill.
		Ketorolac tromethamine is used for acute, short–term relief of pain.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/CDG/content/CDG_ketorolac_tromethamine.asp (671 words)

	Toradol Online, Description, Chemistry, Ingredients - Ketorolac Tromethamine - RxList Monographs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		TORADOL (ketorolac tromethamine) is a member of the pyrrolo-pyrrole group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
		Ketorolac tromethamine may exist in three crystal forms.
		Ketorolac tromethamine has a pKa of 3.5 and an n-octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.26.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic/ketor.htm (772 words)

	Oral ketorolac for postoperative pain
		Inclusion criteria were randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trials of oral ketorolac in postoperative pain; adult patients; baseline pain of moderate to severe intensity; oral and/or intramuscular administration; pain outcome at least four hours.
		Ketorolac was significantly more effective than placebo, with an NNT of 2.6 (2.3 to 3.1).
		Ketorolac was significantly more effective than placebo, with an NNT of 1.8 (1.4 to 2.5).
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/booth/painpag/Acutrev/Analgesics/AP024.html (403 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Ketorolac (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ketorolac (kee-toe-ROLE-ak) is used to relieve moderately severe pain, usually pain that occurs after an operation or other painful procedure.
		There is a chance that regular use of ketorolac during the last few months of pregnancy may cause unwanted effects on the heart or blood flow of the fetus or newborn baby.
		Ketorolac should be used only when it is ordered by your doctor for treating certain kinds of pain.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202318.html (1871 words)

	PedsCCM: EB Journal Club Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of ketorolac compared with morphine for the relief of postoperative pain in children and to determine the safety of ketorolac.
		It is a good comparative study that has shown that ketorolac is definitely comparable to morphine in the relief of moderate to severe postoperative pain in children within 2 hours of receiving the drug.
		The authors have clearly demonstrated that a single dose of ketorolac is safe and effective in the management of moderate to severe postoperative pain initially upon arrival to the PICU after surgery.
	pedsccm.wustl.edu /EBJ/THERAPY/Lieh-Lai-Ketorolac.html (1346 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-070299-105612
		The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and histopathologic effects of an epidurally administered NSAID (ketorolac) in dogs.
		Ketorolac (0.4 mg/kg) or placebo (5% ethanol) was administered epidurally over a 52 hour period, with 5 injections given at 12 hour intervals.
		Epidural administration of ketorolac did not cause clinical signs, alteration in CSF values, or pathologic changes to the spinal cord when used for short duration.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /theses/available/etd-070299-105612 (307 words)

	Ketorolac, Acular, Toradol
		Taking ketorolac with a high-fat breakfast slows the speed of drug absorption by about an hour, but it does not affect overall blood levels of the drug.
		To lessen stomach upset, ketorolac tablets should be taken with a meal or a snack.
		Ketorolac tromethamine pharmacokinetics and metabolism after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral administration in humans and animals.
	www.truestarhealth.com /Notes/1410000.html (608 words)

	Uses and side effects of Ketorolac drugh information
		Ketorolac is used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation (swelling).
		Ketorolac should be started as an injection given at a hospital or other health care setting.
		Before taking ketorolac, tell your doctor what other medications you are taking and what conditions you are being treated for, including kidney and gastrointestinal diseases.
	www.arthritis-symptom.com /arthritis-drugs/ketorolac.htm (575 words)

	National Headache Foundation: KETOROLAC (Toradol®)
		Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in both injectable and oral form that has been found to be as effective as a narcotic in treating severe headache pain.
		Ketorolac injection is frequently chosen for patients in the emergency room presenting with severe headache.
		Ketorolac tablets should be used for only short-term treatment (i.e., about five days).
	www.headaches.org /consumer/topicsheets/ketorolac.html (92 words)

	ketorolac - Connecticut
		Ketorolac is intended for short-term use only, usually up to 5 days.
		Ketorolac is available as pills for administration by mouth and as a solution for injection into the muscle (intramuscular) or vein (intravenous).
		Ketorolac may be harmful if used by someone for whom it was not prescribed.
	www.saintfranciscare.com /110669.cfm (1327 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Ketorolac Use in the National Football League (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		IM ketorolac has an onset within 10 minutes, reaches its peak in the plasma at 50 minutes, and has a half-life of 6.5 hours in young adults.
		The authors found that a single IM injection (60 mg of ketorolac) resulted in a 50% prolongation of bleeding times 4 hours after injection, but they did not speculate on whether this phenomenon is clinically significant.
		Ketorolac users had a relative risk of 5 compared with nonusers, and use was the most significant risk factor.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/2002/09_02/tokish.htm (3378 words)

	Ketorolac (UK PID)
		Ketorolac injection is indicated for the short-term management of acute postoperative pain.
		Oral ketorolac is indicated for short-term management of moderate postoperative pain.
		Children Not recommended Contra-indications Known hypersensitivity to the ketorolac Asthma Previous allergic symptoms with aspirin or NSAID Active peptic ulceration Severe established renal impairment Prerenal conditions including renal artery stenosis, hypovolaemia, or dehydration Congestive heart failure Hypertension Concurrent high-dose therapy with methotrexate Pregnancy Disorders of coagulation or platelet function Concurrent treatment with lithium salts 4
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/pharm/ketorolc/ukpid06.htm (1753 words)

	Drug Directory: Ketorolac ophthalmic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ketorolac ophthalmic is used to relieve itching and inflammation of the eyes caused by allergic reactions and to reduce inflammation and pain following eye surgery.
		Ketorolac ophthalmic may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.
		Ketorolac ophthalmic is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether ketorolac ophthalmic will be harmful to an unborn baby.
	www.netpediatrics.com /drugs/k-05.htm (786 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ketorolac
		IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general.
		Laboratorios Syntex SA was a pharmaceutical company formed in Mexico City in 1944 by Russell Marker to manufacture therapeutic steroids from the Mexican yam.
		Ketorolac is not reccomended for pre- operative analgesia or co-administration with anesthesia because it inhibits platelet aggregation.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ketorolac (1089 words)

	DDIL\ketorolac
		Ketorolac is a derivative of pyrrolizine carboxylic acid and is structurally related to tolmetin and zomepirac.
		On 5 February, 1993 the Netherlands requested an official opinion of the CPMP concerning the safety of ketorolac.
		Hence, the results strongly support the hypothesis that ketorolac is a particularly toxic NSAID for the GI tract.
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /Organizations/DDIL/ketorolac.html (3469 words)

	APS2001: Parecoxib Appears As Effective As Ketorolac, Morphine In Reducing Knee Surgery Pain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Of the 42 patients receiving ketorolac, 18 or 43 percent had fever, compared with two patients out of 42 receiving the higher dose of parecoxib.
		Immediately after the IV injection was initiated all the patients reported some pain relief, but 40 mg parecoxib and ketorolac patients reported the most pain relief-about 2.25 on the scale.
		After 24 hours, the patients treated with 40 mg parecoxib and ketorolac reported 1.5 on the scale; patients treated with morphine and 20 mg parecoxib were at 1.0 on the scale, and placebo patients rated their pain relief at 0.7.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/1F8996.htm (471 words)

	HDCN: Review of abstract by Feldman et al. Ketorolac: the risk of acute renal failure (1996 ASN Meeting) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ketorolac (Toradol) is an injectable nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain management.
		The multivariate adjusted rate ratio for acute renal failure comparing ketorolac to opioids was 1.02 for treatment of 5 days or shorter duration and 3.5 for patients treated for more than 5 days.
		The investigators conclude that short term use of ketorolac does not increase the likelihood of acute renal failure, but that treatment with ketorolac for longer than 5 days may increase the risk of acute renal failure.
	www.hdcn.com /a6/6asn0632.htm (374 words)

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