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Topic: Kettle (geology)

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	Kettle (geology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A kettle is formed when a large block of ice separated from a retreating (melting) glacier becomes buried by sediments.
		Kettles are common features of areas of Canada and northeastern and north central US states that were covered by the glaciers of the ice age.
		The Kettle Moraine is a region of Walworth and Kewaunee Counties, Wisconsin, covering a large area and has numerous kettle lakes some of which are 100 to 200 feet deep.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kettle_(geology) (202 words)

	General Geology of Plymouth County
		The major geologic events which influence the development (genesis) and behavior of the soils in Plymouth County are; the formation of basement rock during the late Precambrian (Proterozoic) and Paleozoic era, the Pleistocene glaciation, and post glacial Holocene deposition.
		The generalized surficial geology map for Plymouth County (377KB file) shows the type of sediments (surficial material) deposited by the glacier as it advanced through the area and the sediments deposited as the ice was retreating.
		The outwash plains and moraines are "pitted" with kettle holes which were formed by blocks of detached ice that were buried in the sediment for many years until they melted leaving a depression.
	nesoil.com /plymouth/geology.htm (3365 words)

	Geology by Lightplane
		133-18: Moraine in the Kettle Moraine, Fond du Lac and Sheboygan Counties, WI.
		133-21: Moraine in the Kettle Moraine, Fond du Lac and Sheboygan Counties, WI.
		133-22: Sand pit in the Kettle Moraine, Fond du Lac and Sheboygan Counties, WI.
	www.geology.wisc.edu /~maher/air/air11.htm (1237 words)

	Kettlehole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A kettlehole (or kettle hole) is a small, usually round depression formed as a result of glacial action.
		They are believed to form when a large piece of ice breaks from the edge of a retreating glacier, and becomes partially buried under glacial debris deposited by the glacier; after melting, this fragment leaves a small depression in the landscape.
		Geological definition of a kettle hole from the University of Wisconsin
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kettle_hole (162 words)

	The Geobotanical Atlas: Regional Description, Glacial Geology
		On a smaller scale, some of the complex glacial geology of the upper Kuparuk River area is due to the influence of permafrost, which underlies an active layer of variable thickness that freezes and thaws annually.
		Such kettles have unvegetated, unstable flanks that steepen downward to near-vertical slopes at water level or that are broadly subject to slump and flowage.
		Two kettles of this type have been identified in the upper Kuparuk area (Plate A), and others have been mapped at similar positions at the north flank of the Brooks Range farther to the west (Hamilton, 1982a).
	www.geobotany.uaf.edu /toolikgeobot/regdesc/glacgeo/glacgeo.html (5841 words)

	Ruggiero_Collins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Kettle lakes are commonly irregular in shape, size, and slope corresponding to the irregularities of the ice block (Wetzel, 1975).
		In kettle lakes the sediment layers may be disrupted near the base and sedimentation rates are generally considered to be moderate to slow (1mm/yr to 1cm/yr) (Lakes and Environmental Change, 1999).
		The second hypothesis is that the lake is a kettle hole, mainly because the elevation of the bottom of the lake is below the bed of the Mohawk and the deep end is large and nearly circular.
	zircon.geology.union.edu /Mohawk_River/Ruggiero/Collins_profile (6595 words)

	Kettle Lakes near Woodworth, North Dakota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Kettle lakes are common features on the glacial landscape of North Dakota.
		A kettle is a depression formed when a block of stranded, buried glacier ice gradually melted out --- causing the overlying land surface to collapse downward.
		Where such kettle are deep enough to intercept the water table, a lake occupies the depression.
	www.careers.ndsu.edu /nd_geology/nd_glacial/kettle1.htm (85 words)

	Geology of Ice Age National Scientific Reserve of Wisconsin (Chapter 4)
		In horizontal dimensions, those that are popularly recognized as 'kettles' seldom exceed 500 feet in diameter, but, structurally considered, they cannot be limited to this dimension, and it may be difficult to assign definite limits to them.
		Sometimes the kettles prevail in the valleys, the adjacent ridges being free from them; and, again, the reverse is the case, or they are Promiscuously distributed over both.
		Chamberlin's important role in the development of the concepts of glacial geology would not have been possible were it not for the clear observations and lucid writings of his predecessors of whom, in connection with the Kettle Interlo bate Moraine, only Charles Whittlesey will be singled out.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/science/2/chap4.htm (4386 words)

	WDNR - Kettle Moraine Geology
		The Kettle Moraine is an area of varied topography--parallel, steep-sided ridges, conical hills and flat outwash plains, mostly composed of sand and gravel.
		The Kettle Moraine area rises to 300 or more feet above the lands to the east and west yet is not a continuous divide.
		It lies 20 miles to the west of Kettle Moraine at Greenbush, is completely covered by the moraine in the Waukesha County area, and is 8 miles east of the moraine at Elkhorn.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/land/parks/specific/kmscenicdrive/forestgeology.html (495 words)

	AllRefer.com - kettle (Geology And Oceanography) - Encyclopedia
		kettle, oval depression found in glacial moraines, which are landforms made up of rock debris.
		When a glacier melts and draws away from an area, a block of ice may break off and be covered by earth and rock.
		Kettles may be deeper than 100 ft (30 m) and more than 1 mi (1.6 km) in diameter.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/kettle.html (180 words)

	Geology
		The department of geology is committed to preparing all Beloit students to be responsible citizens of planet Earth.
		In addition, we strive to prepare students to be competent professionals in geology, capable of pursuing graduate studies and/or careers in the earth sciences and related disciplines.
		The geology major is for students who want to go on to specialize in the scientific and practical applications of geology; the environmental geology major addresses the needs of students who are more interested in the fields of conservation policy, natural-resource development, environmental law, regional and urban planning, and government.
	www.beloit.edu /~academic/fields/majors/geology_overview.php (530 words)

	kettle definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		geology basin in glacial drift deposit: a steep-sided basin, often a lake or swamp, in a glacial drift deposit, caused by the melting of an ice mass left behind as the glacier retreated
		a different kettle of fish a different situation or person to be dealt with
		a pretty or fine kettle of fish an undesirable situation, usually one caused by somebody's negligence or incompetence
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861677510 (128 words)

	Science Education Goals
		The location that I chose, the "Kettle Hole Trail", is part of the Long Island Greenbelt Pine trail system that winds through the Pine barrens, and climbs from a glacial topography of outwash plain to a hummocky terminal moraine.
		The Kettle Hole trail begins on the northern edge of the outwash plains and eventually climbs onto the Ronkonkoma Moraine, in an area that has been described at classically knob and kettle (Fuller, 1914).
		Kettles are formed when large blocks of ice, left behind from the receding glacier, are covered by outwash sediments.
	pbisotopes.ess.sunysb.edu /esp/589_98/griffin (3766 words)

	The Drive
		The Kettle Moraine (properly called an interlobate moraine) is the line of hills made up of piled-up glacial sediment that was deposited where these two lobes abutted, and contains some of the best examples of glacial landforms from the last Ice Age to be found in the world.
		The parking area for Greenbush Kettle is on the left, just past a sign that says "Shelter 5." Park and walk back along the entrance road to a trail and a wooden stairway leading down into a big hole in the earth—Greenbush Kettle.
		Dundee is home to the world-famous (among geology buffs, anyway) Dundee Kame, known locally as Dundee Mountain, a 250-foot pile of sand, pebbles, and boulders that formed at the bottom of a hole in the retreating glacier.
	www.kmoraine.com /WhatIsKM.htm (2752 words)

	General Geology of Barnstable County, Massachusetts
		Till is commonly associated with moraines and areas of knob and kettle topography.
		The moraine surface is characterized by ridges, knobs, and kettles and by ridges that run approximately parallel to the trend of the moraine.
		The geology of Cape Cod remains dynamic as the postglacial landforms continue to evolve.
	nesoil.com /barnstable/barngeology.htm (1463 words)

	Glacial Cape Cod, Geologic History of Cape Cod by Robert N. Oldale
		The original kettle hole was far from round, but wave erosion and deposition along the shore have trimmed off headlands and closed off embayments in the shoreline much as they do along the ocean shore.
		These early dates appear to occur in kettles that are underlain by fine sediments, which prevented or impeded the percolation of rain and snow melt.
		Other kettle pond basal sediments are much younger and appear to indicate the time when the rising water table, caused by the rising sea level, first intersected the floor of the kettle hole.
	pubs.usgs.gov /gip/capecod/glacial.html (2790 words)

	The Yosemite Guide-Book: Chapter 4: The High Sierra (1870), by Josiah D. Whitney
		The Kettle is open at the north-northeast end, and extends as a green valley some six miles, to the south fork of King’s River.
		This rim of the Kettle is a beautiful illustration of the concentric or "dome-structure" of the granite of this region.
		It has also a parapet along the south edge similar to that described as forming the rim of the Kettle; this is in places thirty feet high, and rises like a grand wall, with a narrow shelf on the north; from this there is a very steep slope down for a thousand feet or more.
	www.yosemite.ca.us /library/the_yosemite_book/chapter_4_1870.html (8833 words)

	Indiana Geology Glossary
		A permeable body of rock, such as fractured bedrock or glacial till, that is saturated with ground water and is capable of providing significant quanties of water to wells and springs.
		A kettle lake is a kettle that is filled with water.
		The part of the total stream load that is carried for a considerable period of time in suspension, free from contact with the stream bed; it consists mainly of clay, silt, and sand.
	igs.indiana.edu /geology/glossary/listEntireGlossary.cfm (3555 words)

	Adirondack Park Geology
		As the glacier thawed, iceberg-sized chunks of ice broke off and were buried beneath accumulating sand and gravel washed from the ice.
		When these ice blocks melted, they left depressions - kettle holes - in the landscape.
		When a kettle hole went below the water table, a kettle pond was established as the steady supply of water remained in the basin.
	www.apa.state.ny.us /About_Park/geology.htm (1700 words)

	NPS: Nature & Science» Geology Resources Division (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Outwash plain surfaces are commonly pocked and pitted by kettle holes (e.g., the Wellfleet pitted outwash plain).
		When the kettles are deep enough to intersect the water table, a pond is formed.
		Outwash plain deposits, which are commonly pocked and pitted by kettle holes (e.g., the Wellfleet pitted outwash plain), are the major geologic feature of the lower Cape.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /geology/parks/caco (3975 words)

	Pa. Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources
		A kettle forms when a block of glacier ice breaks off from the front of the glacier during its retreat, and is buried by the sediment released from the glacier during melting.
		They are called kettles because of the similarity in shape to the kitchen utensil called a kettle.
		This kettle pond probably originally covered all of the non-wooded area in this photo, but is gradually being filled and vegetated.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /topogeo/parkguides/pg4_9/kettle.aspx (127 words)

	Regional Landscape (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		BEDROCK GEOLOGY: The Kettle moraine is underlain by Silurian-age dolomite for the northeastern two-thirds of its length and by Ordovician dolomite for the southwestern third, beginning in Waukesha County (Ostrom 1981, Morey et al.
		LANDFORMS: The Kettle moraine is steep ice-disintegration topography, with numerous kettle lakes on steep ridges of fluvial sand and gravel.
		Farther to the north, where strings of kettle lakes and steep moraines created fire barriers, sugar maple-basswood forests were largely unbroken on the landscape, except where conifer swamps occupied small wetlands.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/1998/rlandscp/s5-2-4.htm (431 words)

	Reading Surficial Geology Maps - Glossary - Maine Geological Survey
		Kettle: a depression on the ground surface, ranging in outline from circular to very irregular, left by the melting of a mass of glacial ice that had been surrounded by glacial sediments.
		Outwash head: the end of an outwash deposit that was closest to the glacier margin from which it originated.
		This boundary closely approximates the water level of the lake or ocean into which the delta was built.
	www.state.me.us /doc/nrimc/mgs/mapuse/surficial/surf-glossary.htm (918 words)

	Geology of the Lake George Region and the Adirondacks
		Geology of the Lake George Region and the Adirondacks
		This process is shown in figure 4.23 from Geology of New York A Simplified Account, Educational Leaflet No. 28.
		5: Glen Lake: This lake is a classic example of a kettle lake formed by a block of ice that was surrounded by glacial deposits.
	www.lakegeorgeassociation.org /html/geology.htm (1584 words)

	The Chronicle OnLine: Okanogan Country Geology
		Then as time passed -- and if geology has anything, it's time in incomprehensible amounts - micro-continents which had been wandering around in the Pacific Ocean one by one docked against the slowly growing area.
		With the mapping and satellite imaging of these days, it is not likely that we will acquire any more terranes - unless geology produces something which presently is under water, though there is quite a bit of that.
		Some 17 million or so years ago there is evidence that the earth was struck by an asteroid, not the first time, and as on the other occasions, it was as if the earth, given such a blow and wound, bled as a result.
	www.omakchronicle.com /geology/geodex1.htm (2194 words)

	Ice Age Trail: News & Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Geology of Sauk County, Wisconsin, Lee Clayton and John W. Attig, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, 1990.
		Geology of the southeast quarter of the Cross Plains quadrangle, Dane County, Wisconsin, F. Thwaites, University of Wisconsin Master's Thesis, 1908.
		On the extent and significance of the Wisconsin Kettle Moraine, T.C. Chamberlin, Wisconsin Academy of Science, v.
	www.iceagetrail.org /news/bib.html (1522 words)

	Glacial Formations -- The Slackpacker's Geology Primer
		Usually round, some might be 50' across, some might be 300'; true glacial kettles will fill with water during spring but dry up during summer.
		Kettles filled with water year-round are called Kettle Lakes or Kettle Ponds.
		The Geology List These are the geological wonders everyone should see while visiting this planet.
	www.slackpacker.com /glacial.html (479 words)

	History & Nature :: Park Geology
		Fifty thousand years ago - in a period known as the Pleistocene Epoch - the land beneath the Park was buried under a sheet of ice 1,000 feet thick.
		The Wisconsin Ice Sheet also left behind depressions in the land known as "knob and kettle terrain." These "kettle ponds" formed the geological surface necessary to create the Park's watercourse, beginning with Fallkill Falls and continuing into the Ravine, Lullwater and the Lake.
		Thick forests began to prevail about 8,000 years ago and, as the vegetation grew and the warming continued, diverse species of wildlife spread from the south and new ecosystems were born.
	www.prospectpark.org /hist/main.cfm?target=geology (380 words)

	AUB - A Geologist and a Gentleman
		Beydoun was the towering figure in the geology of the Middle East.
		He then studied geology to doctorate level at St Peter's College, Oxford, while at the same time launching a career as a geologist for leading oil companies.
		When he returned to AUB in 1970 as professor of geology, he continued to advise Marathon, spending summers in its London office, frequently visiting its research centre in Colorado.
	almashriq.hiof.no /ddc/projects/geology/beydoun (1430 words)

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