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	Diffie-Hellman key exchange - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Diffie-Hellman key exchange is a cryptographic protocol which allows two parties that have no prior knowledge of each other to jointly establish a shared secret key over an insecure communications channel.
		In 2002, Hellman suggested the algorithm be called Diffie-Hellman-Merkle key exchange in recognition of Ralph Merkle's contribution to the invention of public-key cryptography (Hellman, 2002).
		Diffie-Hellman key agreement was invented in 1976 during a collaboration between Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman and was the first practical method for establishing a shared secret over an unprotected communications channel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diffie-Hellman (1353 words)

	RFC 2409 (rfc2409) - The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Exchanges conform to standard ISAKMP payload syntax, attribute encoding, timeouts and retransmits of messages, and informational messages-- e.g a notify response is sent when, for example, a proposal is unacceptable, or a signature verification or decryption was unsuccessful, etc. The SA payload MUST precede all other payloads in a phase 1 exchange.
		In this mode, the nonce is still encrypted using the public key of the peer, however the peer's identity (and the certificate if it is sent) is encrypted using the negotiated symmetric encryption algorithm (from the SA payload) with a key derived from the nonce.
		Ke_i and Ke_r are keys to the symmetric encryption algorithm negotiated in the SA payload exchange.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2409.html (9915 words)

	Diffie-Hellman key exchange at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Diffie-Hellman key exchange is a cryptographic protocol that allows two communicators (conventionally named Alice and Bob) to agree on a secret key over an insecure communication channel.
		Diffie-Hellman key exchange was invented in 1975 or 1976 during a collaboration between Whitfield Diffie, Martin Hellman and Ralph Merkle and was the first practical method for establishing a shared secret over an unprotected communications channel.
		Diffie-Hellman key exchange is used, in conjunction with several alternative authentication methods, in the IKE component of the IPSec protocol suite.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Diffie-Hellman_key_exchange.html (501 words)

	Internet Key Exchange (IKE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The key creation and the authentication of the negotiators is meaningful to combine for achieving a proved identity of the key owning party.
		The exchange is authenticated by encrypting the identities and nonces other party's public key and then examining the hash sent by the other party.
		The linking of exchanges prevents a third party attacker to jump in after authentication and act as one of the authenticated party during key exchange or security association exchange.
	www.niksula.cs.hut.fi /~sjsavola/SoN/essay.html (2627 words)

	The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Exchanges conform to standard ISAKMP payload syntax, attribute encoding, timeouts and retransmits of messages, and informational messages-- e.g a notify response is sent when, for example, a proposal is unacceptable, or a signature verification or decryption was unsuccessful, etc.
		The keys Ke_i and Ke_r are then taken from Ne_i and Ne_r respectively in the manner described in Appendix B used to derive symmetric keys for use with the negotiated encryption algorithm.
		Quick Mode is not a complete exchange itself (in that it is bound to a phase 1 exchange), but is used as part of the SA negotiation process (phase 2) to derive keying material and negotiate shared policy for non-ISAKMP SAs.
	xml.resource.org /public/rfc/html/rfc2409.html (10278 words)

	An architecture for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol
		Key exchange is mainly concerned with exchanging information to generate secret keys shared between two parties.
		to separate key generation, which depends heavily on a specific key exchange protocol, from security association management, which could be conducted in a generic way independent of the key exchange protocol.
		For example, the key exchange protocol cannot be negotiated, so the initiator chooses a key exchange protocol and indicates the choice in all the proposals.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/sj/403/cheng.html (7924 words)

	ipedia.com: Diffie-Hellman key exchange Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Diffie-Hellman key exchange is a cryptographic protocol that allows two parties to agree on a secret key over an insecure communication channel.
		In 2002, Hellman suggested the algorithm should be called Diffie-Hellman-Merkle key exchange in recognition of Merkle's contribution to the invention of public-key cryptography (Hellman, 2002).
		Diffie-Hellman key exchange was invented in 1976 during a collaboration between Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman and was the first practical method for establishing a shared secret over an unprotected communications channel.
	www.ipedia.com /diffie_hellman_key_exchange.html (736 words)

	Microsoft Windows XP - Internet Key Exchange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Without authenticating the DH key exchange, the communication is vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack.
		The master key is used, in conjunction with the negotiation algorithms and methods, to authenticate identities.
		When a key lifetime is reached for the master or session key, the SA is renegotiated.
	www.microsoft.com /resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/sag_ipsec_und14.mspx (1298 words)

	Bellare - key distribution
		A simulation based approach is developed in A modular approach to the design and analysis of authentication and key exchange protocols.
		Authenticated Key Exchange Secure Against Dictionary Attacks addresses dictionary attacks and also includes updated versions of the basic definitions of the first two papers above for the two party setting.
		The key element in our approach is a modular treatment of the authentication problem in cryptographic protocols; this applies to the definition of security, to the design of the protocols, and to their analysis.
	www-cse.ucsd.edu /users/mihir/papers/key-distribution.html (799 words)

	RFC 2230 (rfc2230) - Key Exchange Delegation Record for the DNS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The KX record is useful in providing an authenticatible method of delegating authorisation for one node to provide key exchange services on behalf of one or more, possibly different, nodes.
		In turn, R2 is able to authenticate the delegation of Key Exchanger authorisation for target S to R1 by making an authenticated forward DNS lookup for KX records associated with S and verifying that at least one such record points to R1.
		Then the external key exchange would be performed between the KDC and the target node.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2230.html (2779 words)

	Key Exchange (1985) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		"Key Exchange" traces the romantic inclinations of two couples, one married, one not.
		A vanilla and uninspired romcom with a handful of nondescript actors yammering their way from one insipid scene to another, this easy-going flick has little to offer save a few humorous moments and some misfired attempts at poignancy.
		Too good natured not to like, "Key Exchange" makes for a mild watch for the bleary eyed sofa spud.
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0089411 (238 words)

	Configuring Internet Key Exchange Security Protocol
		Manually configure RSA keys when you specify RSA encrypted nonces as the authentication method in an IKE policy and you are not using a certification authority (CA).
		The preshared key of the remote peer must match the preshared key of the local peer for IKE authentication to occur.
		Configuring preshared keys using a AAA server allows each user to have his or her own key, which is stored on an external AAA server.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122cgcr/fsecur_c/fipsenc/scfike.htm (6599 words)

	IKE, Internet Key Exchange
		ISAKMP provides a framework for authentication and key exchange but does not define them.
		It is designed to be key exchange independant; that is, it is designed to support many different key exchanges.
		Oakley describes a series of key exchanges, known as modes, and details the services provided by each (e.g.
	www.networksorcery.com /enp/protocol/ike.htm (315 words)

	A KEY EXCHANGE PROTOCOL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If the cipher is commutative, this results in B(K), which she sends back to Bob, who can decrypt it with -B. The need for a commutative cipher is explained by the fact that the decryption is done in the SAME order as the encryption instead of REVERSE order.
		The attack that makes this protocol less than optionally secure when XOR is the cipher requires the attacker to capture all three messages, and to know the algorithm that is being used to encrypt; not too difficult a task for NSA, for example, and quite possibly others.
		The modulus and encryption key (Usualy 3 or 11h) are available, and if the modulus can be factored the decryption key is available for computation.
	www.afn.org /~afn21533/keyexchg.htm (1481 words)

	Internet Key Exchange - a Whatis.com definition - see also: IKE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) is an IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) standard protocol used to ensure security for virtual private network (VPN) negotiation and remote host or network access.
		Security associations are security policies defined for communication between two or more entities; the relationship between the entities is represented by a key.
		ISAKMP specifies the framework for key exchange and authentication; the Oakley protocol specifies a sequence of key exchanges and describes their services (such as identity protection and authentication); and SKEME specifies the actual method of key exchange.
	searchsecurity.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci884946,00.html (299 words)

	[No title]
		Harkins & Carrel Standards Track [Page 15] RFC 2409 IKE November 1998 5.4 Phase 1 Authenticated With a Pre-Shared Key A key derived by some out-of-band mechanism may also be used to authenticate the exchange.
		Additional Exchanges Defined-- XCHG values Quick Mode 32 New Group Mode 33 Harkins & Carrel Standards Track [Page 36] RFC 2409 IKE November 1998 Appendix B This appendix describes encryption details to be used ONLY when encrypting ISAKMP messages.
		Each post- phase 1 exchange (Quick Modes and Harkins & Carrel Standards Track [Page 38] RFC 2409 IKE November 1998 Informational Exchanges) generates IVs independantly to prevent IVs from getting out of sync when two different exchanges are started simultaneously.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc2409.txt (7987 words)

	IKE (Internet Key Exchange)
		The protocol used to handle encryption keys in IPSec-based VPNs.
		IKE performs several functions including authenticating endpoints of VPN tunnels, deciding which encryption and authentication algorithms would be used in a session, generating encryption keys and managing them.
		The Internet Engineering Task Force is currently looking at alternatives to IKE, which has a theoretical risk of being used in denial-of-service attacks.
	www.networkworld.com /details/721.html?def (707 words)

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