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Topic: Key size

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Key authentication

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Data Encryption Standard

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	RSA Laboratories - TWIRL and RSA Key Size
		The popular 1024-bit key size for RSA keys is becoming the next horizon for researchers in integer factorization, as demonstrated by the innovative “TWIRL” design recently proposed by Adi Shamir and Eran Tromer.
		Longer keys, in particular 2048-bit keys, still provide a significant security margin as both the sieving region and the factor base are substantially larger (see Note 4).
		In NIST’s schedule, and as a general principle, the choice of RSA key size and the choice of symmetric algorithms are independent, both being driven by the desired security level.
	www.rsa.com /rsalabs/node.asp?id=2004 (2904 words)

	Common Security: CDSA and CSSM - CSP_QueryKeySizeInBits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		If a cryptographic context is provided, the effective bit size of the key is determined based on the assumption that the key would be used to perform the operation described by that cryptographic context.
		A handle to the cryptographic context describing the operation for which the effective bit size of the key should be determined.
		A pointer to a CSSM_KEY structure containing the key for which size is to be determined.
	www.opengroup.org /onlinepubs/9629299/CSP_QueryKeySizeInBits.htm (348 words)

	RSA Key Size Selection
		Key size selection is the first important decision to be upon selection of RSA for a cryptosystem.
		Key sizes for public-key cryptosystems should be much larger than private-key cryptosystems and so comparisons between the two should not be made.
		Public key operations are less sensitive to key size increase because the public exponent can be fixed, while in private key operations the length of the private exponent increases proportionately.
	www.vocal.com /rsa_key.html (668 words)

	Key size - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In cryptography, the key size (alternatively key length) is a measure of the number of possible keys which can be used in a cipher.
		Keys are used to control the operation of a cipher so that only the correct key can convert encrypted text (ciphertext) to plaintext.
		As of 2002, a key length of 1024 bits was generally considered the minimum necessary for the RSA encryption algorithm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Key_size (1099 words)

	[No title]
		The maximum index key size in Advantage 7.1 is 4082 bytes for ADI index files, whereas prior versions had a limit of 240 bytes.
		The key size for character fields is equal to the number of characters.
		For a given page size, there is a maximum key size that is supported and there is a maximum key size that should be used in order to guarantee optimal balancing of the index.
	www.advantagedatabase.com /web/tech_tips_detail.aspx?key=7CE084D54877D9C268323DCE5C2BB0D3 (688 words)

	Key (cryptography) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Keys are also used in other cryptographic algorithms, such as digital signature schemes and keyed-hash functions (also known as MACs), often used for authentication.
		A newer class of "public key" cryptographic algorithms was discovered in the 1970s which use a pair of keys, one to encrypt and one to decrypt.
		When a password (or passphrase) is used as an encryption key, well-designed cryptosystems first run it through a key-derivation algorithm which adds salt and reduces or expands it to the key length desired, for example by reducing a long phrase into a 128-bit value suitable for use in a block cipher.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Key_(cryptography) (868 words)

	FineCrypt - Encryption Software
		Size of key – shows minimal and maximal key length in bytes and step of the key (length of encryption key must be a multiple of step value).
		Key size in bytes – spin control with which user can set desired length of the encryption key which will be used for encryption.
		When you enter a key from keyboard or generate it, the bytes of the key are shown as hexadecimal values on the left side and as ASCII characters on the right side of the editor window.
	www.finecrypt.net /howtouse.html (1167 words)

	PHP: key - Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		You can get any existing "key name" from array that is located at position $pos gived as second parameter.
		The keys in the array are the characters to write to get a smiley, and the data is the filename, like this
		Frankly, I was quite happy to discover this function, I can't count the number of times I "needed to use the key as a value".
	us2.php.net /key (544 words)

	KSAM FILE STRUCTURE
		When a key block is full and new keys are added, the root level block may need to be split, causing a new root block to be introduced and adding a new level to the tree.
		However, the exact number of blocks and the size of each block is based on a variety of factors, such as the key size, the number of keys in the file, the number of key values for each key, the key blocking factor, and so forth.
		Each key value is followed by a pointer to a data record and a pointer to the block at the next level with higher key values.
	docs.hp.com /en/32650-90386/apbs02.html (2151 words)

	Multiple RSA Key Pair Support
		Choose the size of the key modulus in the range of 360 to 2048 for your Signature Keys.
		Choose the size of the key modulus in the range of 360 to 2048 for your Encryption Keys.
		Choose the size of the key modulus in the range of 360 to 2048 for your General Purpose Keys.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios122/122newft/122t/122t8/ftmltkey.htm (2334 words)

	RSA Laboratories - TWIRL and RSA Key Size
		The popular 1024-bit key size for RSA keys is becoming the next horizon for researchers in integer factorization, as demonstrated by the innovative “TWIRL” design recently proposed by Adi Shamir and Eran Tromer.
		Longer keys, in particular 2048-bit keys, still provide a significant security margin as both the sieving region and the factor base are substantially larger (see Note 4).
		In NIST’s schedule, and as a general principle, the choice of RSA key size and the choice of symmetric algorithms are independent, both being driven by the desired security level.
	www.rsasecurity.com /rsalabs/node.asp?id=2004 (2904 words)

	SSH - Support - Cryptography A-Z - Algorithms - Public Key Cryptosystems
		Thus the owner of the private key would be the only one who could decrypt the messages, but anyone knowing the public key could send them in privacy.
		This has also the effect that there are some key size benefits for using elliptic-curve-based public-key cryptosystems as opposed to factoring-based cryptosystems.
		One practical benefit of the non-existence of a fast discrete logarithm computation for elliptic curves is that the key size, as well as the produced digital signatures and encrypted messages are small.
	www.ssh.com /support/cryptography/algorithms/asymmetric.html (4043 words)

	Best Pet Health Information
		Key Facts: Size: Small Height: 35 38 cm (14 15 inches) Weight: 10 13 kg (22 28 lb) Life Span: 13 years Grooming: Extensive Exercise: Medium Feeding: Reasonable Temperament: Cheerful & intelligent Country of Origin: United States AKC Group: Sporting Other Names: Cocker Spaniel Temperament: The American Cocker Spaniel is cheerful, lively and active.
		Key Facts: Size: Large Height: 56 - 61 cm (22 - 24 inches) Weight: 23 - 25 kg (51 - 55 lb) Life Span: 12 years Grooming: Easy Exercise: Demanding Feeding: Medium Temperament: Outgoing & friendly Country of Origin: Croatia AKC Group: Non-Sporting Physical Characteristics: General Appearance: Muscular, spotted and active.
		Key Facts: Size: Large Height: 61 - 68 cm (24 - 27 inches) Weight: 25 - 30 kg (56 - 66 lb) Life Span: 11 years Grooming: Demanding Exercise: Demanding Feeding: Reasonable Temperament: Friendly & quiet-natured Country of Origin: England AKC Group: Sporting Physical Characteristics: General Appearance: Tall, handsome and friendly.
	www.best-pet-health.info (1011 words)

	WEP Key Recovery - Configuration
		If the key size is unknown, you may want to try the most popular key sizes first, 64 and 128 bits.
		WEP key recovery is a probabilistic process the result of which largely depends on the number of collected packets; the higher the number, the higher the probability of successful key recovery.
		When the key is recovered, WEPKR decrypts the packets accumulated in the buffer and passes them back to CommView for WiFi, where they are displayed.
	www.tamos.com /htmlhelp/wepkr/configuration.htm (542 words)

	key size exceeds implementation restriction for index "TABLE1_INDEX"
		Abstract: This error indicates that the key size for the specified index is larger than the maximum (255) value allowed.
		This error indicates that the key size for the specified index is larger than the maximum value allowed.
		When the system tables were updated and the column length expanded the new key size was larger than the maximum size allowed.
	dn.codegear.com /article/25723 (292 words)

	SSH - Support - Cryptography A-Z - Algorithms - Secret Key Cryptosystems
		In general the key is assumed to be chosen at random mathematically, for a fixed key, a block cipher is a bijection, defining a permutation of n-bit vectors.
		The practical problem is that the key does not have small constant length, but the same length as the message, and one part of a key should never be used twice (or the cipher can be broken).
		The key of this method is the permutation of the alphabet on the second row.
	www.ssh.com /support/cryptography/algorithms/symmetric.html (3707 words)

	RSA key and block size
		Based upon my experiment, this block size seems to be the size of the key divided by 8 and minus 11.
		It is either the key size or the key size minus one (randomly for each newly generated RSA key).
		Since current secret key sizes range from 128 bit to 256 bit, you can be pretty sure you can wrap them using an RSA key (which should be 1024-30k in size).
	forum.java.sun.com /thread.jspa?threadID=679314 (780 words)

	Blowfish Paper
		Its 56-bit key size is vulnerable to a brute-force attack [22], and recent advances in differential cryptanalysis [1] and linear cryptanalysis [10] indicate that DES is vulnerable to other attacks as well.
		The subkey generation process is designed to preserve the entire entropy of the key and to distribute that entropy uniformly throughout the subkeys.
		The key bits are repeatedly XORed with the digits of pi in the initial P-array to prevent the following potential attack: Assume that the key bits are not repeated, but instead padded with zeros to extend it to the length of the P-array.
	www.schneier.com /paper-blowfish-fse.html (4085 words)

	RFC 2930 (rfc2930) - Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)
		A reasonable key naming strategy is as follows: If the key is generated as the result of a query with root as its owner name, then the server SHOULD create a globally unique domain name, to be the key name, by suffixing a pseudo-random [RFC 1750] label with a domain name of the server.
		The "key data" provided in the TKEY is used as a random [RFC 1750] nonce to avoid always deriving the same keying material for the same pair of DH KEYs.
		The KEY RR in such a query SHOULD have a name that corresponds to the resolver but it is only essential that it be a public key for which the resolver has the corresponding private key so it can decrypt the response data.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2930.html (4371 words)

	Enigmail GnuPG: Which key type/size is best? - Wilders Security Forums
		This is sufficient as the size of the hash is probably the weakest link if the key size is larger than 1024 bits.
		As for the key algorithms, you should stick with the default (i.e., DSA signature and Elgamal encryption).
		An Elgamal signing key has the following disadvantages: the signature is larger, it is hard to create such a key useful for signatures which can withstand some real world attacks, you don't get any extra security compared to DSA, and there might be compatibility problems with certain PGP versions.
	www.wilderssecurity.com /showthread.php?t=153124 (633 words)

	Northpinellas: Size, safety key to value requirement for home tour
		Size, safety key to value requirement for home tour
		We would by no means suggest that a less valuable home lacks charm or character, but we usually find a home of that size is unable to host the large number of patrons that participate in our tour.
		Eventually, the road will be much improved, but until then the speed limit should be reduced to a safe speed consistent with the level of road construction.
	www.sptimes.com /2005/10/07/Northpinellas/Size__safety_key_to_v.shtml (993 words)

	Key Rings, Bulk Key Rings, Brass Key Rings by The Worth Company
		Worth key rings are fabricated of spring-tempered steel which is then plated in bright zinc or nickel to prevent corrosion.
		Worth key rings, a quality product of the U.S.A., are available in twelve sizes and a variety of cross sections.
		Listed below are solid brass key rings available either polished or nickel plated for corrosive applications, a one-inch heavy-duty key ring made of.105" wire for extreme high strength requirements, and a hammered finish key ring often found in decorative applications.
	www.worthco.com /rings/keyrings.html (201 words)

	Keysigning Parties
		(Key size and fingerprint together are important since it is possible for two RSA keys of different sizes to have the same fingerprint.)
		If people are carrying their secret keys with them and intend to do the signing at the actual meeting by typing their passphrase into a computer, then they are open to key-logging attacks.
		If you are satisfied that the person is who they say they are, and that the key on the printout is theirs, you place another checkmark next to their key on your printout.
	www.herrons.com /kb2nsx/keysign.html (649 words)

	Public Key Cryptography
		A key is simply a parameter to the algorithm that allows the encryption and decryption process to occur.
		Therefore, the encryption key can be made public, provided the decryption key is held only by the party wishing to receive encrypted messages (hence the name public/private key cryptography).
		Further, public key cryptography is used in situations where the recipient of a message must have confidence that the message received was received as intended by the sender and has not been altered or forged in any manner.
	www.sei.cmu.edu /str/descriptions/publickey_body.html (2079 words)

	Cotse - Connected: An Internet Encyclopedia - 7.1 Key Size Considerations
		Choice of zone key size should generally be made by the zone administrator depending on their local conditions.
		However, larger keys increase the size of the KEY and SIG RRs.
		The recommended minimum RSA algorithm modulus size, 640 bits, is believed by the authors to be secure at this time but high level zones in the DNS tree may wish to set a higher minimum, perhaps 1000 bits, for security reasons.
	www.cotse.com /CIE/RFC/2065/45.htm (440 words)

	Change text size, Monash University
		You are currently using the default text size.
		Alternatively, using Ctrl ] (hold the control key [Mac users: command key] down and press the right square bracket key) will increase text size, while Ctrl [ (hold the control key down and press the left square bracket key) will decrease it
		If you experience any difficulties changing the size of text on these pages, please email webmaster@monash.edu.au and tell us which browser you are using.
	assets.monash.edu.au /styles/change/textsize (312 words)

	Secure Email Encryption for Linux: Key Size Screen
		It is commonly held that RSA keys of 1024 bits will withstand conventional cryptanalytic attacks while key sizes of 512 bits or less are to be regarded as insecure.
		In general, the cryptographic community is divided over the recommended key size for asymmetric keys and what is referred to as the "huge key debate".
		The counter argument is that the only disadvantage to using larger keys is the longer time required to process them.
	www.bytefusion.com /products/ens/secexmail/linux/keysizescreen.htm (179 words)

	[No title]
		Laminating pouches are used in pouch laminating equipment instead of laminating film rolls to protect and seal documents.
		Laminating pouches come in many sizes to protect items and make them tamper proof, hard to tear, and dirt and moisture resistant.
		NSC has key card size laminating pouches in 5, 7 and 10 millimeter thicknesses.
	www.binding.com /catalog.aspx?catID=KeyCard (155 words)

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