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	Trumpet - LoveToKnow 1911
		In the trumpet the notes of the harmonic series from the 3rd to the Toth or 16th upper partials are produced by the varied tension of the lips and pressure of breath called overblowing.
		But, though the keyed trumpet was a notable improvement on the invention trumpet, the sounds obtained by means of the lateral openings of the tube did not possess the qualities which distinguish sounds caused by the resonance of the air-column vibrating in its entirety.
		Trumpets with pistons are generally constructed in F, with crooks in E and E. In Germany trumpets in the FIG.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Trumpet (2428 words)

	Keyed trumpet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The keyed trumpet is a brass instrument that, contrary to the traditional valved trumpet, uses keys.
		The keyed trumpet is rarely seen in modern performances, but was relatively common up until the introduction of the valved trumpet in the early nineteenth century.
		Previous to the invention of the keyed trumpet, the prominent trumpet of the time was the natural trumpet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Keyed_trumpet (328 words)

	Joseph Haydn - and his Trumpet Concerto.
		Weidinger started developing his keyed trumpet in 1793 and this trumpet (unlike the earlier natural trumpet) had 4-6 holes or keys.
		This Eb trumpet was evidently a forerunner of his 4-6 keyed trumpet (c.1801).
		Paul Handke (who moved to USA and was trumpeter with Chicago Symphony Orchestra), wrote down the solo trumpet part from the original Haydn maunuscript in 1899.
	abel.hive.no /trumpet/haydn (258 words)

	History of the Bugle, page 4
		The invention of the keyed trumpet is attributed to Anton Weidinger of Vienna in 1801.
		The keyed bugle was made originally in England and became known to the public through the works of Richard Willis (17?-1830), an arranger, composer and performer.
		The importance of signal instruments in the US military was evidenced by the adoption of the trumpet as a symbol for mounted rifles in the early 19th century, and of the bugle as a symbol for infantry during the Civil War.
	www.tapsbugler.com /HistoryoftheBugle/HistoryoftheBugle4.html (1142 words)

	Trumpet - Background, Raw Materials, Design, The Manufacturing
		A variety of trumpets were developed during the last half of the eighteenth century, as both musicians and trumpet makers searched for ways to make the trumpet more versatile.
		Any screws are usually steel; the water key is usually lined with cork; the rubbing surfaces in the valves and slides might be electroplated with chromium or a stainless nickel alloy such as monel; the valves may be lined with felt; and the valve keys may be decorated with mother-of-pearl.
		Trumpets are almost universally made from brass, but a solid gold or silver trumpet might be created for special occasions.
	www.madehow.com /Volume-1/Trumpet.html (2424 words)

	Musical Instruments - MSN Encarta
		The sounding length of the tube can be altered by means of fingered or keyed tone holes; by valves that open and close sections of tubing; or by a sliding telescopic section of tubing, as on the trombone.
		The keyed trumpet and keyed bugle (see Bugle) became obsolete only when valves were widely adopted for brasses in the 19th century.
		As composers since the 1500s gradually made greater demands on trumpets and horns (which were originally outdoor signal instruments), instrument makers invented the key and valve mechanisms that enable the instruments to produce fully chromatic scales.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577408_3/Musical_Instruments.html (838 words)

	Keyed Trumpets in the Joe R. and Joella F. Utley Collection at the National Music Museum
		Bauer's instrument is a relatively late example of an Austrian-type keyed trumpet, originally developed by Anton Weidinger (1766-1852), the Viennese trumpet virtuoso for whom Haydn wrote his trumpet concerto in E-flat (1796).
		Flat, round key heads with stuffed brown leather pads; brass tone-hole rims with one engraved line soldered to body; keys pivot in brass saddles on eliptical mounts; spiral springs.
		A copy of the keyed trumpet by Valeriano Beni, Città di Castello, 1836, at the Horniman Museum, London (no. 286), faithful in all details, except for the use of spiral springs instead of flat springs.
	www.usd.edu /smm/UtleyPages/KeyedTrumpets/keyedtrumpets.html (1489 words)

	History of the Trumpet
		Trumpets are commonly available in several sizes named according to the pitch class of their fundamental.
		For the latter use, piccolo trumpets are made in a variety of shapes, some (occasionally called Bach trumpets) straight except for the valves and their associated tubing, and some with four rather than three valves.
		The orchestral trumpet of the late 18th and the early 19th century was in F, with crooks for lower keys down to C or Bb to match the key of the composition played.
	www.petrouska.com /historyofthetrumpet.htm (1284 words)

	Verdi Adagio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In August 1996, the Bad Saeckingen Trumpet Museum acquired the manuscript orchestral material of this hitherto unknown work, which reminds one strongly of an opera cavatina.The German premiere took place on February 1, 1997, in the Bad Saeckingen cathedral with the Bad Saeckingen Orchestral Society conducted by Josef Polyak and the present editor as soloist.
		The solo instrument is a trumpet in D. This has nothing to do with today's short D trumpet, but is rather the "Romantic trumpet" an octave lower, the timbre of which especially in the low register in which it moves has elements of a horn or of a trombone.
		The term "tromba delle chiavi" should actually mean a keyed trumpet, and we know that such instruments were played in Italian orchestras durcing this period; Mendelssohn wrote in a letter of February 14, 1831 from Rome that the "trumpeters play all the time on the accursed keyed trumpets".
	www.mcnaughtan.com /pages/Publications/Trumpet/30182/30182.html (670 words)

	[No title]
		Trumpet Creeper is in the Bignoniaceae, the same family as the Southern Catalpa tree, Catalpa bignonioides.
		Trumpet Creeper, found across much of the eastern half of the U.S, is a semi-woody vine with compound leaves.
		The keyed trumpet was tried with limited success by several makers and players in the last 30 years of the century.
	espanol.lycos.com /info/trumpet.html (624 words)

	30177 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The present Variations for the Trumpet in F are the first composition in history for a solo trumpet with valves.
		Let us remember that the valved trumpet had only been in existence for about a decade, replacing two predecessors: the natural trumpet ("ordinary trumpet") of Bach, Handel, and Beethoven with its risky intonation, and the keyed trumpet of Haydn and Hummel with its nasal tone and uneven response with opened vs. closed keys.
		The present Variations for the Trumpet in F from Kail's pen were premiered on 23 March 1827 during a Prague Conservatory concert.
	www.mcnaughtan.com /pages/Publications/Trumpet/30177/30177.html (515 words)

	Sleeve Notes - Classical Trumpet Concertos
		Some English trumpeters were using a mechanical device on their instruments where a retractable tuning slide both corrected imperfect intonation and doubled the number of notes available on the limited scale of the ‘natural’ trumpet.
		Weidinger’s trumpet was built in the standard military pitch of E flat; three keys covered holes which were strategically placed to raise the harmonics in steps by half a tone at a time (a fourth key would have provided a low B natural — a note which is conspicuously absent from Haydn’s concerto).
		In recreating the soundworld of Haydn and Hummel by using the solo instrument for which they wrote their unique trumpet concertos, amongst all the many remarkable features of the keyed trumpet what is perhaps most notable is the sweetness of the instrument’s sound, and its resultant ability to blend with all the orchestral wind instruments.
	www.hyperion-records.co.uk /notes/67266.html (1702 words)

	Al's Tenor Horn Page - Cornet History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The trumpet saw wide use as an instrument of heraldry, marking announcements, the arrival of dignitaries, and punctuating the pomp and bombast of the royal court.
		Though the trumpet is an instrument in its own right with its own history, it is impossible, when writing a piece on the cornet, not to mention the trumpet, because of the borrowing of ideas during the development of keyed and valved brasswinds.
		The trumpet has a conical bore in the stem of its mouthpiece, is conical again in the mouthpiece receiver, is conical again through several inches of lead-pipe, and then again throughout the entire length of the bell-section.
	home.earthlink.net /~tenorhorn/cornethistory.html (3674 words)

	Musica Viva: The Encyclopedia of Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The original natural trumpet dates back at least to Roman times and was (and still is) used for signalling in the military forces.
		It comes in a variety of sizes from the small piccolo trumpet to the large bass trumpet.
		The valve trombone is also sometimes included in the trumpet family.
	www.musicaviva.com /encyclopedia/display.tpl?phrase=trumpet (77 words)

	Blackburn Trumpets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Keyed trumpet - The keyed trumpet is a brass instrument that, contrary to the traditional valved trumpet, uses keys.
		The keyed trumpet is rarely seen in modern performances, but was relatively common up until the introduction of the valved trumpet in 18213.
		The life of the studio was brief, flburn trumpets and this book, in careful detail, covers its short history (1951-1956) flburn trumpets and includes accounts of recording sessions with its roster of gospel groups, blues musicians, flburn trumpets and R & B singers, almost all of them African American.
	www.wolfmanjackfoundation.com /blackburntrumpets.html (924 words)

	HNH - Naxos Classical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Probably the most famous and most familiar of all trumpet concertos is that written by Haydn in 1796 for a new-fangled instrument, the keyed trumpet.
		The keyed trumpet soon died out, to be replaced by the modern valve-trumpet.
		Famous Trumpet Concerti, with the Capella Istropolitana, the trumpet-player Miroslav Kejmar and the conductor Peter ekvor.
	www.naxos.com /newdesign/fbuild.files/bbuild.files/build_072.htm (114 words)

	Keyed and Slide Horns
		The slide could be used to lower the pitch of the instrument by a half step and was pulled into an extended position by means of a clock spring mechanism unless held in by the performer; the slide was normally held in.
		Following up on his success with the keyed trumpet, the Viennese trumpeter Anton Weidinger (1767-1852) designed a keyed horn for his twelve-year-old son Joseph, who performed on the new instrument on a concert with his father on February 28, 1813, with other performances known in 1817 and 1819 [Dahlqvist, 17].
		Details of the construction of the instruments of Weidinger and Schugt are not known, but at least one nineteenth-century keyed horn survives which has three large keys in the region of the bell throat and bell tail.
	www.public.asu.edu /~jqerics/keyed_slide.htm (1211 words)

	The Keyed Trumpet
		By the second half of the 18th century the natural trumpet was in decline.
		During the 1820s the valve trumpet in the area around Vienna displaced the keyed trumpet.
		The keyed trumpet in Eb was borrowed from Gerald Endsley.
	abel.hive.no /trumpet/articles/keyed_trumpet (1144 words)

	Music Education - The Trumpet
		The TRUMPET is like the horn ; the same name includes two instruments : the simple Trumpet and the Trumpette à pistons or chromatic trumpet.
		The principle of the simple trumpet is the same as that of the horn, but as no use is made of stopped notes, its scale is reduced to natural notes only, about a dozen, which is indeed very little.
		Inversely to what we have said about the horn, teachers of the trumpet are generally of the opinion that it is better to begin with the study of the trumpette à pistons, between twelve and eighteen, or even sooner, provided that the amount of study be pro-portioned to the physical strength of the individual.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles21/music-27.shtml (403 words)

	Ex Isle Forums > Musical Instrument Talk
		But you're saying real trumpets are bigger than the modern cornets-called-trumpets, which would mean the relationship between cornets and trumpets is the other way around, unless the actual difference you're after isn't the bore profile at all but the thickness of the metal "sheet" it's made from or some technicality I've never heard of.
		Keyed trumpets were around in the 1750's, and the ophicleide was made up until 1923.
		Keyed brasswinds are very expressive, and the reason is that, unlike valved brass, keyed brass doesn't come between the musician and the sound the musician is aiming for to the same extent.
	www.exisle.net /mb/lofiversion/index.php/t32350.html (15015 words)

	BrassHistory
		This evidence centers on the longer trumpet of two sizes then in use in Europe, both the natural version of this instrument and one equipped with a single slide at the mouth pipe.
		Late in the 18th century, the natural trumpet in D had been shortened to F so that it could be crooked for orchestral use to keys from F down to C or Bb.
		It was replaced late in the century by shorter cornet-like valved trumpets in D, C, or Bb, instruments not directly related to the earlier long trumpets.
	www.virtualtrumpetstudio.com /BrassHistory.htm (912 words)

	Keyed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		1) " Keyed" -- In the context of Keyed
		Keyed trumpet 1: oduction of the valved trumpet in the 1820s.
		By using a fourth valve operated by t 77: older pieces for horn were written for a horn not keyed in F as is standard today.
	www.lottery-news.net /dust41231-keyed.html (326 words)

	Yankee Brass - American Brass of the 1800s
		The keyed bugle was the first brass instrument other than the trombone that could easily play all the notes in any key.
		By 1821 a whole family of keyed brasses was available, the bass or ophicleide being the most commonly used member of the family after the soprano keyed bugles.
		Soon after its invention, the keyed bugle was introduced to this country by Richard Willis who came to direct the West Point band in 1816 and became a popular soloist.
	members.valley.net /~fybi/eliason.html (803 words)

	Early History 5
		The three-octave instruments of the valved bugle, the valved post horn, and the cornet generally outlived the two-octave instruments of the ophicleide and the keyed bugle.
		It is more difficult to make entire families of valved trumpets or horns than it is of the cornet, and still maintain the timbre of the instrument.
		Trumpets and horns must have a narrow bore and a small mouthpiece to more easily maintain the partials of the fourth octave.
	www.angelfire.com /music2/thecornetcompendium/new_page_3.html (1451 words)

	Muzika! Exhibition: Keyed Trumpet
		Keyed trumpets were a short-lived invention to try and play all the notes of the scale, which could not be done with natural trumpets, which depended on the harmonic series.
		The trumpet's five closed keys have flat round heads and pivot in rectangular brass saddles with leaf springs.
		According to contemporary tutors, the keys, beginning with the one nearest the bell, serve the following notes: 1) g-sharp (little finger); 2) a (ring finger); 3) b-flat (index finger); 4) b-natural (index finger); and, 5) f2 (middle finger).
	www.usd.edu /smm/Exhibitions/Muzika/MuzikaBauertrumpet.html (283 words)

	iClassics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It was in the early 1960s that Maurice André came to prominence as a key figure on the international trumpet scene: his brilliant career as a soloist was launched in 1963 when he won first prize in the International ARD Competition in Munich.
		Even excursions to remote keys such as the C flat major that occurs in the second movement were possible on Weidinger's keyed trumpet, an instrument that opened up a whole new world of expressive possibilities.
		Unlike the Baroque trumpet, the piccolo trumpet is only around 65 cm long and, hence, not much longer than a flute or oboe, so that the repertory is relatively easy to perform on this instrument.
	www.iclassics.com /featureArticle?contentId=877 (1590 words)

	The Spectrum Singers: May98 Notes
		A keyed trumpet, created by Anton Weidinger -- a court trumpeter at the Royal Imperial Theater -- was heard for the first time.
		This keyed trumpet was revolutionary -- for the first time a trumpeter could play all of the chromatic notes of the scale throughout the instrument's entire compass.
		As the work begins, nothing "unusual" is heard from this new keyed trumpet for the first thirty-six bars.
	www.spectrumsingers.org /archives/1997-98/may98_notes.html (1522 words)

	INKPOT#59 CLASSICAL MUSIC REVIEWS: Singapore Symphony Orchestra - 14 August 1998
		In the second subject, the trumpeter ornaments the melody with trills and a plethora of non-harmonic tones; and our soloist obliged in assured fashion, as he expressively shaped the music and rocketed impressively up the scale to an exciting finish of the exposition.
		In the Andante second movement, the chromatic possibilities of the newly-improved trumpet is brought to the test; entailing a trip through several keys, including an extreme C-flat major.
		Trumpets roared as the battle turned brutal, with violins turned into axes as they "chopped" through the main motif and its accompaniments; and woodwinds shrieked and cackled through the chorus of battle-cries.
	inkpot.com /concert/sso980814.html (2233 words)

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