Keyword cipher - Factbites

Keyword cipher - Factbites
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Topic: Keyword cipher

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	The Cracking Principle
		Babbage's vital breakthrough was to realise that repetitions in the ciphertext indicated repetitions in the plaintext and that the space between such repetitions hinted at the length of the keyword.
		The 'e' column of the square is highlighted to show how encipherment depends on which keyword letter is defining the encryption.
		Each letter of the keyword defines a different cipher alphabet in the Vigenère Square.
	www.simonsingh.net /The_Black_Chamber/cracking_principle.html

	FAM-Code, the Masonic Cipher & Symbols Font
		The longer the message using the same keyword, the easier it is to decode a substitution cipher without knowing the keyword.
		It should be noted that as simple "substitution ciphers" neither provides more than a superficial cryptographic security.
		Select a keyword of any length, for example 'MASONS'.
	www.odr.org /anonymous/fam-code.htm

	CRYPTOGRAMS FROM THE CRYPT
		Each of the 1,385 assumed Playfairs resulting from decrypting cipher C with the possible second keywords was tried with all possible first keywords, and the result was scored by finding matches with a reference table of logarithms of English trigraph frequencies derived from several dozen novels.
		This means that if we decrypt the final ciphertext with the correct second keyword, it will have the same letter on the front and back; if those letters are different, then that keyword is wrong and we do not need to continue the search for the corresponding first keyword.
		Playfair uses digraphic substitution in a 5 by 5 square alphabetic array omitting one letter, Thouless omitted J. The two letters in each digraph are replaced by letters at the opposite corners of the rectangle they form.
	members.fortunecity.com /jpeschel/gillog2.htm (1784 words)

	JS: Crypto: « Lucifer » style cryptology (Javascript)
		lucifer with the argument set to rebuild the order (all the orders in these shufflings are built deriving them from the keyword which is passed upon invocation -and if none is passed a default is assigned.
		The codes for lucifer, the script which shuffles a crypt text and can then rebuild it, and cryptoBaits which adds baits to a cipher and is able to remove them later without being fooled.
		For the crypt and deCrypt functions see the 2nd crypto file; anyway keep in mind that the keyword used for crypt and deCrypt functions can be different from the keyword you use for lucifer.
	www.unitedscripters.com /scripts/crypto3.html (1479 words)

	Codes
		Keyword Cipher - This is an online, Java-Script enabled version of a Keyword cipher program, for you to try.
		Keyword Cipher Cracker program that can be downloaded.
		In addition, a crib dragging function has been added to enable the user to crack many polyalphabetic ciphers when the cipher alphabet and a plaintext word is known.
	secretcodebreaker.com /codes.html (466 words)

	Codes
		Keyword Cipher - This is an online, Java-Script enabled version of a Keyword cipher program, for you to try.
		Keyword Cipher Cracker program that can be downloaded.
		In addition, a crib dragging function has been added to enable the user to crack many polyalphabetic ciphers when the cipher alphabet and a plaintext word is known.
	secretcodebreaker.com /codes.html (466 words)

	Cryptography -- Vigenere Cipher
		Thus, any message encrypted by a Vigenere cipher is a collection of as many simple substitution ciphers as there are letters in the keyword.
		If we consult the Vigenere tableau at this point, we can see that if English 'E' were enciphered into 'K' then row G of the table must have been the alphabet used for the first letter of the keyword.
		Because of this it produces the same ciphertext bigram, 'KS.' The same can be said of plaintext 'BE' which occurs twice starting at positions 2 and 11, and also is encrypted with the same ciphertext bigram, 'ME.' In fact, any message encrypted with a Vigenere cipher will produce many such repeated bigrams.
	www.trincoll.edu /depts/cpsc/cryptography/vigenere.html (466 words)

	Murky.org: Playfair
		The cipher had many advantages, no cumbersome tables or apparatus was required, it had a keyword which could be easily changed and remembered and it was very simple to operate.
		The playfair cipher is believed to be the first digraphic system.
		This system of generating the square degenerated into simply entering the keyword directly into the 5 by 5 square (this is the method we shall use for demonstration purposes, however you should be aware that ANY method of placing letters into the grid may be used).
	murky.org /archives/2004/09/playfair.html (1141 words)

	Beginners' Guide to Cryptography: Playfair
		The cipher had many advantages, no cumbersome tables or apparatus was required, it had a keyword which could be easily changed and remembered and it was very simple to operate.
		This system of generating the square degenerated into simply entering the keyword directly into the 5 by 5 square (this is the method we shall use for demonstration purposes, however you should be aware that ANY method of placing letters into the grid may be used).
		The cipher was mentioned at Granville's party with a view to its use in the Crimea.
	www.murky.org /cryptography/archives/2004/09/playfair_1.html (1141 words)

	Playfair Cipher
		To decrypt a message encrypted using this variant of the Playfair cipher, the keyword is required, so that the grid can be reproduced.
		The simplest version of the Playfair cipher is based on diagram substitution, where the key is a 5x5 square consisting of some arrangement of the 25 letters of the alphabet omitting the letter J. If the letter J appears in the message (which happens infrequently) then the letter I is substituted in its place.
		A variation of the Playfair cipher was used by the British Secret Service during the first half of the 20th Century.
	www.cmb.ac.lk /temp/new_science/Computer/dscs/courses/Computer/Msc/DSandC/playfair.htm (449 words)

	NOVA Online Decoding Nazi Secrets The Double Transposition Cipher
		To decrypt a double transposition, construct a block with the right number of rows under the keyword, blocking off the short columns.
		This was one of the most secure hand ciphers used in the Second World War.
		Columnar transposition works like this: First pick a keyword, such as DESCRIBE, then write the message under it in rows:
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/decoding/doubtrans.html (285 words)

	playfair
		To encipher a message in Playfair, pick a keyword and write it into a five-by-five square, omitting repeated letters and combining I and J in one cell.
		Its simplicity and its cryptographic strength compared to simple substitution and Vigènere (a polyalphabetic substitution cipher) made it an immediate success as a field cipher, used by the British in the Boer War and the First World War, and by several armed forces as an emergency back-up cipher in the Second World War.
		In this example, we use the keyword MANCHESTER and write it into the square by rows.
	newton.uor.edu /facultyfolder/tamara_veenstra/playfair.html (920 words)

	Dubious Cryptography: Playfair Cipher à la Sayers
		Since there are many possibilities even when the encipherments are fully known (since the cipher square can be rotated horizontally and vertically without changing the cipher), the aim would be to minimize the length of the keyword by shifting the longest possible set of ordered letters to the end.
		(I and J are considered equivalent in this cipher.) With a keyword of "Playfair", the result is this: ---------------------
		One of my first projects in C (some years back) was to write a simple frequency analyser and a transliterator, to help me solve the silly little Ceasar ciphers in the Scene section of the local weekly.
	perlmonks.thepen.com /251762.html (1418 words)

	cipher vernam Index - Computer-Technology-Find
		cipher data terminal cipher decipher decryption cipher definition cipher divine cipher dorabella cipher enigma cipher enigma machine cipher feedback
		The one time pad uses a keyword as a key and is secure, as long as the keyword is never used again.
		cipher feistel cipher game cipher hill cipher in snow cipher jefferson thomas wheel cipher lab cipher masonic cipher monoalphabetic
	www.computer-technology-find.com /Cipher/cipher-vernam.html (512 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Cryptological Mathematics (Classroom Resource Material)
		multiplicative cipher, multiplicative key, additive cipher, enciphering scheme, affine cipher, keyword cipher, additive key, ciphertext characters, ciphertext letters, keyword letter, ciphertext message, alphabetic position, integer expressible, been enciphered, numeric message, plaintext characters, enciphered message, plaintext message, plaintext letters, encipher the message, message enciphered, affine scheme, drawing algorithm, plaintext ciphertext, additive inverse
		Starting with the simple substitution ciphers and moving through the more complex polyalphabetic and polygraphic substitutions, the techniques to create and break them are described.
		Cryptanalysis a Study of Ciphers and Their Solutions by H.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0883857197?v=glance (1335 words)

	Chris Christensen's Summer 2001 MAT115
		The Friedman test results are: the index of coincidence is 0.0749 (which suggest that the cipher is monoalphabetic) and the estimated length of the keyword (which is useless information for this exercise) is 0.7327.
		The Friedman test results provide evidence of that: the index of coincidence is 0.0408 (which suggests that the cipher is polyalphabetic) and the estimated length of the keyword is 9.4855.
		This message has been enciphered with a (full rectangle) transposition cipher.
	www.nku.edu /~christensen/ccsa.html (1335 words)

	Lanaki Lesson 11
		If we reconstruct a cipher assuming it is a Vigenere, but it is actually a Variant, we will get the true plain text but strange keyword.
		The Variant Cipher is just that, a variant of the Vigenere, except that if the Viggy procedure is followed through, a peculiar keyword appears, like JYUWFT.
		Cipher Text USYES ECPMP LCCLN XBWCS OXUVD SCRHT HXIPL IBCIJ USYEE GURDP AYBCX OFPJW JEMGP XVEUE LEJYQ MUSCX JYMSG LLETA LEDEC GBMFI
	www.fortunecity.com /skyscraper/coding/379/lesson11.htm (1335 words)

	Vigenère Square Tool
		The screen will now show only the cipher alphabets corresponding to each letter of your keyword in order, rather than showing the entire Vigenère Square.
		To encipher your message using the Vigenère Cipher, select your keyword and type it into the box below.
		Now type your message into the box labelled 'Plaintext' and click the 'Encipher Plaintext' button to encrypt your message.
	scard.buffnet.net /cipher/vigeneretool.html (1335 words)

	Section2.8notes.doc
		If we know the keyword length and it is reasonably short, we can do a frequency analysis using Maple on the individual coset shift ciphers and try to randomly put together a keyword that fits.
		Since a monoalphabetic cipher (examples are shift, affine, and substitution) preserves frequencies from a plaintext message to its corresponding ciphertext message, the sample signature of the plaintext message will be the same as a ciphertext.
		The claim here is that the letter P just performs a shift cipher of length 15 on the letters it enciphers (the letters D, S, D, T, R, and I).
	www.runet.edu /~npsigmon/courses/cryptography/MWord/Section2.8notes.doc (1335 words)

	Assignment 6 - Encryption
		Please enter your keyword: pinecone P I N E C O F L S W A G M T X B H Q U Y D K R V Z Please enter your cipher text: otzapbgnfeemfiknxa The cleartext is: SADDAMISINTIKRITX
		This cipher was used by the British government from the mid 1800s until World War I. Although it has some significant weaknesses, it was a very good cipher for its time.
		The Ceasar cipher noted above is a type of monoalphabetic cipher - each character in the cleartext is replaced by a single character in the ciphertext.
	www.cse.ucsc.edu /classes/cmps012a/Fall03-02/prog-hw/Encryption.html (1894 words)

	Search Tuna Report for one time pad
		One Time Pad Cipher The One Time Pad Uses A Keyword As A Key And Is Secure, As Long As The Keyword Is Never Used Again....
		By definition, Random Numbers Generated By A Deterministic Algorithm Are Pseudo-Random Keywords : Cryptography, Cryptology, One-Time Pad, Data security, Autokey Cipher, Key Enhancement....
		This Cipher Is Also Known As The Vernam Cipher, Because Gilbert Vernam Advocated The Use Of It In 1917....
	www.searchtuna.com /ftlive2/2340.html (1914 words)

	Vigenere Cipher
		Given a sufficiently large encoded message derived using a monoalphabetic substitution cipher, it can readily be "cracked" by comparing the frequency of letter occurrences in the coded message with the frequency of letter occurrences in the language used for the message.
		Using the letters of the message in order we substitute the letter in the shifted alphabet associated with the letter of the keyword that appears immediately above it by going across to the column headed by that letter in the code table.
		Then in 1863 a Prussian military officer devised a method to determine the length of the keyword and then divide the message into a simpler form to which letter frequency analysis could be applied.
	astro.temple.edu /~dhill001/vigenere/vigenere.html (1914 words)

	SSK3INFO.txt
		One keyword is used for both plain alphabet and cipher alphabet with the two alphabets being offset from each other.
		After finishing with the plain alphabet, you will be asked to do the same for the cipher alphabet.
		Before finishing, the 2 alphabets must not have a plain letter equaling itself in the cipher alphabet.
	www.und.nodak.edu /org/crypto/crypto/solvers/dutchman/SSK3INFO.txt (674 words)

	Chapter 3. Prologue
		A possible scenario would be to encode the majority of the text in a Vigenere Cipher (which is immune to frequency analysis) and encode the keyword (written in Braille or morse code or baudot) with a simple substitution cipher or something similar.
		Another possibility is using a Vigenere Cipher, which is essentially a Caesar cipher done twice, using a keyword to determine the shift.
		In hindsight a simple substitution cipher probably makes more sense than a Caesar shift - particularly if we leave the web address format as it is. This provides the easy way in to give the average person a foothold of four letters.
	syzygy.netninja.com /multi/pregame.html (674 words)

	Cryptography -- Vigenere Cipher
		Thus, any message encrypted by a Vigenere cipher is a collection of as many simple substitution ciphers as there are letters in the keyword.
		If we consult the Vigenere tableau at this point, we can see that if English 'E' were enciphered into 'K' then row G of the table must have been the alphabet used for the first letter of the keyword.
		Given the structure of the Vigenere tableau, this is equivalent to using 9 distinct simple substitution ciphers, each of which was derived from 1 of the 26 possible Caesar shifts given in the tableau.
	www.trincoll.edu /depts/cpsc/cryptography/vigenere.html (674 words)

	Simsubk4.bas
		Then press the ENTER key." PRINT PRINT "Please enter your cipher alphabet keyword at the prompt." PRINT PRINT "It can be in either lower or uppercase.
		Cipher tips, also called cribs may be in plaintext form or" PRINT PRINT " in an enciphered Caesar shift format." PRINT PRINT "Press any key to continue." PAK$ = INPUT$(1) RETURN ' Sample K4 key and message with encipherment.
		RETURN ' This module adds the plain straight alphabet to the plain ' alphabet keyword and then eliminates all duplicate letters.
	www.und.nodak.edu /org/crypto/crypto/solvers/dutchman/Simsubk4.bas (726 words)

	Cryptography - The Substitution Cipher
		The key is determined by a keyword and a position which should be a letter.
		If the keyword is tennessee and the key letter is m.
		This java applet implements a general substitution cipher.
	www.rhodes.edu /mathcs/faculty/barr/cryptolabtmp/html/substitution.html (726 words)

	Caesar cipher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Vigenère cipher uses a Caesar cipher with a different shift at each position in the text; the value of the shift is defined using a repeating keyword.
		Even as late as 1915, the Caesar cipher was in use: the Russian army employed it as a replacement for more complicated ciphers which had proved to be too difficult for their troops to master; German and Austrian cryptanalysts had little difficulty in decrypting their messages.
		It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions further down the alphabet.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Caesar_cipher (726 words)

	The Alberti Cipher
		The computer implements the cipher first by forming a plaintext-alphabet, and then a ciphertext-alphabet, which is based on a keyword.
		The Alberti cipher traditionally consisted of two metal discs, one mobile, and one immobile, attached by a common axle so that the inner disc may be rotated.
		For Porta's type of cipher, the cryptographic key would consist of the permutation given in the first row of the table plus the shift that should be made after each letter of plaintext.
	starbase.trincoll.edu /~crypto/historical/alberti.html (726 words)

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Topic: Keyword cipher

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