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Topic: Khalaj language

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Uighur literary language flourished in the 9th-14th century, and the Qarakhanid literary language came into existence in the 11th century.
		Its antecedent is the Ottoman Turkish language, which developed from the Old Anatolian Turkish literary language (13th-15th century) of the Seljuq Turks, the first Turkish conquerors of Anatolia (11th century).
		One notable characteristic of the Turkic languages is vowel harmony.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/Languages.Turkic.shtm (614 words)

	Ethnologue: Bibliography of Ethnologue Data Sources
		Grjunberg, A. The language of the northern Azerbaijan Tats.
		Austronesian languages of the Morobe District, Papua New Guinea.
		Linguistic bibliography of the non-Semitic languages of Ethiopia.
	www.ethnologue.com /ethno_docs/bibliography.asp (7065 words)

	Languages - Afghanistan Information Center (afghan pedia) \| Afghanet Network
		Member of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian family of languages; it is, along with Pashto, one of the two official languages of Afghanistan.
		Linguistic characteristics: One notable characteristic of the Turkic languages is vowel harmony.
		The morphology of the Turkic languages is agglutinative; i.e., it offers rich possibilities of expanding word stems by means of relatively unchangeable suffixes, many of which designate grammatical notions.
	infopedia.afghanet.com /languages.htm (1126 words)

	TURKIC LANGUAGES FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Turkic languages are a group of related languages that are spoken by a variety of people distributed across a vast area from Eastern_Europe to Siberia and Western China with estimated 100-130 million native speakers.
		The Turkic languages are considered by some linguists to be part of the Altaic language family.
		Turkic languages are agglutinative and exhibit phonological vowel_harmony.
	www.bradleyisenbek.com /Turkic_languages (259 words)

	The Khalaj West of the Oxus :: Khyber.ORG
		Muslim authors agree that the Khalaj are one of the earliest tribes to have crossed the Oxus.
		22b quotes the Khalaj in the region of Ghaznin and the adjoining districts.
		The fact that the Khalaj were associated in Mahmud’s victories may account for their subsequent ambitions, Already under the weak Sultan Mas’ud, they became restive.
	www.khyber.org /articles/2005/TheKhalajWestoftheOxus.shtml (1311 words)

	Altaic Language Family
		The Altaic language family derives its name from the Altai Mountain region from whence it is believed these languages had originated.
		Speakers of Altaic languages stretch from northeastern Siberia to the Persian Gulf, and from the Baltic Sea to China, with the bulk clustering around central Asia.
		The relationships among these languages remain a matter of debate among historical linguists, and the existence of the Altaic language family continues to be a matter of controversy.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/march/AltaicLanguageFamily.html (218 words)

	Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology - AZ Aserbaidschan, Azerbaïdjan Azerbaijan - Sprache, Langue, Language
		ethnologue - Georgian - Language of AZ (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kat
		ethnologue - Kurdish, Northern - Language of AZ (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kmr
		ethnologue - Polish - Language of AZ (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pol
	www.wortherkunft.de /~e/a_/az-sprach.html (1303 words)

	Read about Turkic languages at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Turkic languages and learn about Turkic languages ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Turkic languages are a group of closely related languages that are spoken by a variety of people distributed across a vast area from
		The Turkic languages are considered by some linguists to be part of the
		Russian and Arabic languages, and various elements from Turkic languages have been carried as far as southeastern Asia, the northernmost territories of Russia, and even North America.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Turkic_languages (181 words)

	Anthropology (Languages)
		The other main regional languages are Turkish, Azari, Kurdish, Arabic and Lori; and there are dozens of other tongues throughout the 26 provinces, such as Gilaki, Baluchi and Turkmen.
		The literary language is virtually identical in Iran and Afghanistan, with very minor lexical differences.
		Language varieties in Suleimaniya, Iraq and Qazwin, Iran may be inherently intelligible with it.
	www.farhangsara.com /language.htm (1800 words)

	Turkic Branch of the Altaic Language Family
		Turkic languages are a group of closely related languages spoken by people spread across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China.
		Languages spoken on the territory of the former Soviet Union have a large number of Russian loanwords.
		All languages in this group are considered to be Category II in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/march/TurkicBranch.html (195 words)

	Khalaj - LanguageServer - University of Graz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Khalaj is presumably spoken by more than 10.000 people in the Islamic Republic of Iran, northeast of Arak, the capital of the Central Province.
		Khalaj is a member of the Turkic branch of the Altaic languages.
		Khalaj has a rich vocalism, but a relatively small amount of consonants.
	languageserver.uni-graz.at /ls/desc?id=88&type=r (181 words)

	Literary languages (from Turkic languages) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		A language family that covers a broad geographical region and a vast historical period, the Semitic language group is part of an even larger language family known as Afro-Asiatic, or Hamito-Semitic.
		The language diversity of Africa is considerable as compared with Europe, where there are two language families—Finno-Ugric and Indo-European.
		The Slavic languages are a group of related languages within the Indo-European family.
	secure.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=80005 (820 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Iranian Huns and the Ghaljay Afghans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Khalaj were identified by the Russian scholar Barthold as two of the 24 tribes of the Ghuzz Turks.
		Marriage was the only course open, but the offspring, a boy, was given the name of Ghilzai, meaning in the Afghan language a son 'born of theft'.
		B) From the Kitab al Masalik of Istakhri, written in 933 AD (H. The Khalaj are a kind of Turks who in the days of old came to the country between Hind and the districts of Sijistan (Sakastan/Sistan) behind Ghor.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=4053&PN=1 (3281 words)

	Iranica.com - MINORSKY, Vladimir Fed'orovich
		He also acquired a knowledge of Kurdish and of the Kurdish people, and the study of this people and their language were to be a major interest of his all through his life, culminating in the detailed sections he wrote on Kurdish history for the Encyclopedia of Islam.
		It was a pioneering study of this isolated archaic Turkish dialect that paved the way for the subsequent important linguistic studies on Khalaj language by Gerhard Doerfer.
		Idem, "The Turkish Dialect of the Khalaj," BSO(A)S 10, 1940-42, pp.
	www.iranica.com /articles/ot_grp5/ot_minorsky_20040720.html (2884 words)

	Turkic languages -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Turkic languages are distributed over a vast area in eastern Europe and Central and North Asia, ranging, with some interruptions, from the Balkans to the Great Wall of China and from central Iran (Persia) to the Arctic Ocean.
		It is spoken in Kyrgyzstan and in the Pamir Mountains on the border between Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and China.
		The language belongs to the northwestern, or Kipchak, division of the Turkic languages and is closely related to Kazak, Karakalpak, and Nogay.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9109788 (966 words)

	The Turkic Language Family
		Traditionally, the Turkic languages are classified according to the word for foot (Samoilovich 1922), which divides the Turkic language family into two main branches.
		The periferal Turkic languages (the Northeastern Turkic languages, Khalaj and Chuvash), spoken along the outer rim of the Turkic linguistic area, have developed along different lines than the central Turkic languages; they have retained this older form adak in some way, and did not develop y from *d.
		In general, the Turkic language family is fairly homogeneous, and some Turcologists refer to the vernaculars of this family as dialects, rather than as separate languages.
	home.arcor.de /marcmarti/yugur/language/lanhist.htm (626 words)

	Business Software Review : Article 'Volapük language' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The West Germanic languages include some 43 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by about many people in Europe, western Asia, and the United States; this language family is a part of the Germanic language family.
		The Central Indo-Aryan languages include some 67 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by many people in Asia; this language family is a part of the Indo-Aryan language family.
		The Romance languages include 47 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken in Europe and western Asia; this language group is a part of the Italic language family.
	www.business-software-review.org /DisplayArticle54633.html (671 words)

	The Rosetta Project: the 1000 language archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Khalaj texts are available in the categories below.
		A brief language description provided courtesy of the Summer Institute of Linguistics.
		Send a message to a language specialist or native speaker who might be able to review or contribute materials.
	64.81.54.21 /live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=KLJ (99 words)

	Indo-European and Its Closest Relatives: The Euroasiatic Language Family : Lexicon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		he has been working on the problem of possible relationships between indo-european and other old world language families, including uralic, altaic, and paleosiberian, and has been known as one of the principal defenders of the "nostratic" theory that exists in several variations across both sides of the atlantic (or rather pacific).
		not only it is patently impossible to know all the two hundred odd languages in question, but merely to master the basics of each field and then keep up with the developments in all of them is beyond the powers of any one individual.
		greenberg appears not to have consulted the primary works in the case of turkish if the bibliography in volume 2 is anything to go by, and the most important discovery in 20th century turkish linguistics, that of khalaj, a hitherto unknown turkic language discovered in iran, went totally unnoticed in his work.
	www.textkit.com /0_0804746249.html (688 words)

	Ghilzai :: Khyber.ORG
		Indeed, Khalaj is the name of a small modern (non-Ghilzi) Pashtu-speaking market town near the city of Lashkargah and the ruins of the 11th-12th centuries royal city of Lashkari Bazar in southwestern Afghanistan.
		Some Indian and Western historians and several nationalistically inspired Afghan writers have proposed that the Turkish Khalji and the Lodhi dynasties that ruled northern India during 689-720 Hijri's (1290-1320) and 855-932 Hijri's (1451-1526) respectively were Ghilzi Pashtuns.
		Minorsky, The Turkish Dialect of the Khalaj, BSO(A)S 10/1, 1940, pp.
	www.khyber.org /pashtotribes/g/ghilzai-b.shtml (1776 words)

	Publications List
		On the Influence of Germanic Languages on Finnic and Lapp.
		Herzog, Marvin I. The Yiddish Language in Northern Poland.
		Bibliography and Vocabulary of the Akan (Twi-Fante) Language of Ghana.
	www.indiana.edu /~rifias/Publications_List.htm (2656 words)

	Turkic languages -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Chuvash constitutes a separate and distinct branch of the Turkic languages that differs considerably from the so-called Common Turkic languages; it is the only modern descendant of the...
		The largest ethnic group in Kyrgyzstan, they are a Turkic people, and their language, Kyrgyz, belongs to the Kipchak group of Turkic languages (see language).
		Other Turkic languages include Azerbaijanian, spoken in Azerbaijan; Uzbek, spoken in Uzbekistan; Kazakh, spoken in Kazakhstan; Tatar, spoken in Russia; Kyrgyz, spoken in Kyrgyzstan; and Turkmen, spoken in...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9109788 (813 words)

	The Rosetta Project: the 1000 language archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Send a message to a Khalaj language specialist or native speaker who might be able to review or contribute materials.
		The Rosetta Project is a global collaboration of language specialists and native speakers working to develop a contemporary version of the historic "Rosetta Stone".
		We are creating this broad language archive through an open contribution, open review process and we invite you to participate.
	www.rosettaproject.org:8080 /live/search/invitecolleague?ethnocode=KLJ&langname=Khalaj (162 words)

	Khalaj - UPSID Language Profile
		segfr(l, [voiceless, labio_dental, fricative], [hindi_urdu, punjabi, e_armenian, cheremis, komi, finnish, chuvash, yakut, bashkir, khalaj, yaqui, tarascan, wappo, moxo, guarani, ticuna, telugu, burushaski]).
		segfr(n, [voiced, dental_alveolar, sibilant, fricative], [breton, lithuanian, bulgarian, romanian, farsi, pashto, e_armenian, cheremis, kirghiz, khalaj, japanese, katcha, dagbani, senadi, ewe, igbo, ga, tarok, swahili, doayo, songhai, kanuri, logbara, yulu, amharic, hebrew, socotri, shilha, tuareg, awiya, kullo, dizi, hausa, mabuiag, sui, malagasy, changchow, burmese, kunimaipa, chipewyan, mazahua, dakota, bribri, apinaye, lak, burushaski]).
		segst(n, [voiced, dental, plosive], [irish, norwegian, russian, french, farsi, kurdish, hindi_urdu, sinhalese, albanian, hungarian, osmanli, khalaj, tuva, manchu, katcha, kadugli, ewe, gbeya, ik, tama, temein, tabi, logbara, yulu, kunama, arabic, tigre, neo_aramaic, tuareg, somali, beja, mundari, kharia, standard_thai, malagasy, rukai, garo, yao, nimboran, kunimaipa, mixe, papago, yana, acoma, gununa_kena, telugu, kota, malayalam, kabardian, brahui]).
	www.langmaker.com /db/ups_khalaj.htm (330 words)

	Classification (from Turkic languages) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Turkic languages may be classified, using linguistic, historical, and geographic criteria, into a southwestern (SW), a northwestern (NW), a southeastern (SE), and a northeastern (NE) branch.
		More results on "Classification (from Turkic languages)" when you join.
		They—and a number of lesser-known languages and dialects—are all derived from medieval Latin dialects spoken in areas of Europe governed by the Roman Empire.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-80002 (888 words)

	SOTA Turkish World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		For most of them, there is only one Turkish people from Sakha to the Balkans/Europe, who speaks different dialects of one Turkish Language.
		The distinction between Turkish and Turkic is artificial and is a fabrication of Stalin Era politics of divide et Impera.
		Here is information and figures about the 39 languages of theTurkic language family.
	www.turkiye.net /sota/language.html (291 words)

	[No title]
		It may be that the arguments about Israeli Hebrew not being a Semitic language are intended somehow to relate to this too, although as I noted there are much better examples of where the Stammbaum model fails, and it is far from clear whether the notion of protolanguage depends crucially on belief in the Stammbaum.
		Related languages of course will share typological features if they are closely related because it takes a long time for typological features to change, which is precisely whyc the Semitic languages look so typologically alike: it is because they are so closely related, with Proto-Semitic being a very recent protolanguage.
		There are hundreds of topics to work on in particular languages and language fmailies and dozens of theortical ones (about the extensions and revisions and limits of the methodology) which I alone could list that are not getting adequate attention for lack of sufficient peoplepower.
	www-oi.uchicago.edu /OI/ANE/ANE-DIGEST/1997/v1997.n103 (4166 words)

	Khalaj — Rosetta Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) is an international partnership of institutions and individuals who are creating a worldwide virtual library of language resources.
		The LINGUIST List is dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world.
		Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopedia in as many languages as possible.
	preview.rosettaproject.org /archive/altaic/asia/klj (131 words)

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