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Topic: Khaled Nezzar

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	Algerian General Accused of Torture Escapes Investigation (Human Rights Watch, April 28, 2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		General Khaled Nezzar departed from France on April 26th, one day after two victims of torture and the family of a third filed civil lawsuits alleging his responsibility for torture committed while he was Algeria's defense minister from 1990-93.
		Nezzar, 64, is now retired from government and was in Paris to promote his memoirs.
		Nezzar headed the Algerian armed forces when it was given the leading role in fighting terrorism in the country.
	www.hrw.org /english/docs/2001/04/28/algeri148_txt.htm (323 words)

	Australian Financial Review - Algeria's ashes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Nezzar's mansion is a Bel Air fantasy of French royal style with marble floors, Oriental rugs, florid upholstered chairs and enormous crystal chandeliers.
		I passed on Nezzar's remark to Ahmed Djeddai, the secretary of the Socialist Forces Front, a social-democratic opposition party, largely made up of Berbers, the non-Arab minority who speak their own language and make up between 15 per cent and 20 per cent of the population.
		Nezzar, who retired eight years ago, was born in 1937 into a Berber peasant family in the Aures mountains.
	afr.com /articles/2003/07/17/1058035130018.html (4856 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Algerian ex-general sues over army massacres claim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A former Algerian defence minister is suing a French television channel and an exiled Algerian army officer yesterday for claiming that the country's senior military officers were implicated in the massacre of up to 100,000 civilians in the past decade.
		Khaled Nezzar, an influential retired army general, said that he had started libel proceedings in Paris against Habib Souaidia, the former officer who wrote a book about the Algerian civil war, and La Cinquieme TV channel, on which Mr Souaidia earlier this year accused Gen Nezzar of "complicity" in the bloodshed.
		The case against Gen Nezzar was dropped in June on the grounds that since he was no longer in France - Algeria's former colonial master and still its principal trading partner - the authorities were no longer entitled to pursue it.
	www.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,3604,541638,00.html (535 words)

	Islam Online- News Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Nezzar was in Paris to promote his memoirs at the Algerian cultural center when two former detainees and the family of a dead young man made an official complaint against him, the complainants' lawyer Antoine Comte told AFP.
		Nezzar was held "directly responsible by all non-government organizations, in his position as defense minister and a member of the High State Council, for the policy of repression founded on the massive and systematic use of torture and on extra-judicial executions," the statement said.
		Nezzar was defense minister at a time when the regime was fighting a bitter war against Islamic militias.
	www.islamonline.net /english/news/2001-04/26/article7.shtml (866 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		TEXT: Algeria's former defense minister, Khaled Nezzar, says he launched the trial to defend his honor, and that of Algeria's military.
		Nezzar of presiding over thousands of tortures, killings and disappearances during clashes between Islamist guerrillas and the Algerian military in the 1990s.
		Nezzar is expected to be present during the proceedings.
	www.help-for-you.com /news/Jul2002/scripts/3a1e9f9b.html (338 words)

	Islam Online- News Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Nezzar, 64, a senior figure in the Algerian government that cancelled elections in 1992 that Islamist parties were poised to win, was in Paris to promote his memoirs, but his brief visit was eclipsed by what lawyers said was an unprecedented bid to bring him to justice.
		The Paris prosecutor's office confirmed that because the alleged victims lived in France, and because Nezzar was on French soil, it was within its powers to pursue an investigation, and it asked police to proceed.
		Nezzar was defense minister between 1990 and 1993, a period when the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) was emerging as a powerful electoral force - and he won a reputation as an uncompromising enemy of Islamists.
	www.islamonline.net /english/news/2001-04/27/article3.shtml (1374 words)

	engaffboudiaf
		The generals: Khaled Nezzar, AbdelMalek Guenaizia, Mohamed Lamari, Mohamed Mediene, Mohamed Touati, had to find as quickly as possible a head of state made to measure, a man who would fulfil some very precise conditions.
		Few days later, after that Khaled Nezzar had reluctantly accepted to sign their assignment papers, colonel Mourad and three of his aides went to Paris.
		Nezzar and Toufik did not depart one another at any time and the signing of the assignment papers by Nezzar of colonel Mourad, on his way to Paris, had thrown its weight on all this.
	www.anp.org /affaireboudiaf/engaffboudiaf.html (5832 words)

	Global Vision News Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		One of the generals singled out by Souaidia in the book, and later in a French television program, for being responsible for the barbaric bloodletting was General Khaled Nezzar, a former defense minister and the driving force behind the cancellation of the 1992 elections.
		Nezzar, who became a leading figure in the five-man High State Committee that ran the country, sued Souaidia for defamation following the TV broadcast, in which the former officer claimed that "the generals.
		In April 2001, when Nezzar visited Paris to promote his memoirs, French judicial officials opened an investigation into his activities after a complaint on behalf of three Algerians, two of whom were tortured in captivity and one who was killed.
	www.gvnews.net /html/DailyNews/alert1550.html (1511 words)

	History of Algeria since 1962 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some members of Bendjedid's cabinet, fearing a complete FIS takeover, forced the president to dissolve parliament and to resign on 11 January 1992.
		Leaders of the takeover included Ghozali, and generals Khaled Nezzar (minister of defense) and Larbi Belkheir (minister of interior).
		After they declared the elections void, the takeover leaders and Mohamed Boudiaf formed the High Council of State to rule the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Algeria_since_1962 (3728 words)

	Operation Boudiaf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It is almost with a pure chance that Nezzar had mentioned the name of Mohamed Boudiaf: a man that fit all the conditions and has a enormous weight: However, a huge problem arose: Was Mr.
		Nezzar has contributed personally to the acceptance of Boudiaf to head the military institution, whilst certain high officers who disapproved of the choice took this new development as an insult.
		They have not forgotten that this figure of the revolution had sided with Hassan 11 during the green march, which led to a fratricide war where hundreds of military Algerians were killed, many disappeared and scores were made prisoners.
	www.algeria-voice.org /Algeria/English/English4/hauptteil_english4.html (5817 words)

	BBC News \| Middle East \| Algeria's power behind the throne
		Despite having been absent from the political scene for almost 20 years, Mr Bouteflika very quickly emerged as the front runner having managed to secure the backing of an impressive array of parties and personalities which are part of or close to the military-backed ruling establishment.
		Gen Nezzar was defence minister in 1992 when the army cancelled parliamentary elections after the first round of voting revealed that an Islamist party was heading for a massive win.
		Algerians were left in no doubt that Mr Bouteflika was the preferred candidate of at least a section of the secretive clique of senior officers often referred to in the press as "les decideurs", the decision makers who control political life in the country.
	news.bbc.co.uk /low/english/world/middle_east/newsid_319000/319161.stm (583 words)

	RSF - Letters of protest - Algeria - october 22 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		S.A.S. In a letter to Minister of the Interior Yazid Zerhouni, RSF protested against the assault on Sid Ahmed Semiane, known as S.A.S..
		Sid Ahmed Semiane, known as S.A.S., chronicler from the daily Le Matin, was violently beaten by Lotfi Nezzar for having critized his father, Khaled Nezzar, major general and former Minister of Defence.
		On 21 October 2001, General Nezzar offered his apology to the journalist, qualifying the agression as "a common law affair".
	www.rsf.org /rsf/uk/html/mo/cplp01/lp01/221001.html (193 words)

	Algeria - Amnesty International
		In June a complaint was lodged in France against retired general Khaled Nezzar, alleging that he was responsible for incidents of torture committed while he was Algeria’s Defence Minister from 1990 to 1993.
		In July the prosecution in Paris dropped both complaints, noting a lack of evidence which pointed to the direct responsibility of Khaled Nezzar for the incidents of torture.
		In July former army officer Habib Souaidia stood trial in Paris, accused by Khaled Nezzar of defamation.
	web.amnesty.org /report2003/Dza-summary-eng (1865 words)

	SABCnews.com - africa/north_africa
		The US based group Human Right Watch has criticised the French government for not having arrested General Khaled Nezzar, of Algeria, when torture charges were filed against him in the French courts this week.
		The group said in a statement on Friday that in not moving to arrest the 64-year-old former Algerian defence minister, who was visiting France to promote his memoirs, the French authorities had given priority to relations with Algeria over their international legal obligations.
		Nezzar was defence minister from 1990 to 1993, in the Algerian government that cancelled elections in 1992.
	www.sabcnews.com /africa/north_africa/0,2172,14211,00.html (258 words)

	AmazighWorld : Editorials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Though the French government allowed Nezzar, who is in fact a former officer in the French colonial army--to fly out of the country before a judge had a chance to summon him, the procedure has paved the way for criminal action against senior Algerian officials for carrying out, ordering, or approving acts of torture.
		It should be noted that since 1992 and the outbreak of the civil war, Algerian and International human rights groups have compiled hundreds of documented cases of torture, summary executions, and abductions committed by the government's death squads.
		And Nezzar, as the mastermind of the coup d'etat in January 1992, is fully accountable for all these human rights violations.
	amazighworld.net /news/editorials/index_show.php?article=35 (1330 words)

	BBC News \| MIDDLE EAST \| Algerian general in French torture case
		A former Algerian defence minister, General Khaled Nezzar, has left France one day after torture charges were brought against him.
		General Nezzar was considered the strongman of the Algerian regime when parliamentary elections were cancelled in 1992, sparking the Islamist insurgency that has so far left more than 100,000 people dead.
		General Nezzar is accused of being directly responsible for generalised torture and extra-judicial executions.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/middle_east/newsid_1298000/1298615.stm (274 words)

	Algeria: Habib Souaidia's trial highlights concerns over failure to conduct investigations
		Amnesty International today called on the Algerian authorities to stop obstructing investigations of grave human rights abuses in the run-up to a libel trial brought against former Algerian army officer Habib Souaidia by the former Algerian defence minister, retired General Khaled Nezzar, that is due to begin in Paris on Monday.
		He is being sued by Khaled Nezzar for defamation following comments he made about the retired general on a French television channel in May 2001.
		The case was filed by two torture victims and the family of a third, all of whom live in France, who alleged that Nezzar was responsible for torture committed while he was Algeria's Defence Minister from 1990 to 1993.
	www.amnestyusa.org /countries/algeria/document.do?id=80256AB9000584F680256BE300418F5D (793 words)

	WTC Blast Part of Larger Conspirousy?
		On February 13, 1993, (two weeks before the WTC bombing) an assassination attempt was made on the life of Algerian Defense Minister Khaled Nezzar.
		Nezzar has been instrumental in the fight against the outlawed Islamic Salvation Front or FIS party in Algeria.
		The third Algerian incident involved the killing of four (4) policemen that occurred on the same day and at about the same time as the bombing assassination attempt on Algerian Defense Minister Khaled Nezzar (Feb. 13, 1993).
	www.emergency.com /islmter2.htm (1307 words)

	Algerian Al Bilad: Former Algerian defense minister's stand on Sahara issue premise for reasonable breakthrough
		Algerian daily Al Bilad wrote on Tuesday that the statement made recently by former Algerian defense minister, General Khaled Nezzar on the Sahara issue tantamounts to "a premise" for the settlement of the three-decade long conflict.
		Nezzar, who served as Algeria's defense minister from 1990 to 1993, told Moroccan weekly "La Gazette du Maroc" that he opposes the creation of a Sahrawi state, arguing that his country "does not need a new state at its borders."
		The opinion of the retired general, who is "the officious spokesman of the popular national army" reflects "to a great extent the stand of the military institution concerning the settlement of the Sahara issue," argues the editorialist.
	www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Daily/Day/030313/2003031319.html (337 words)

	Algeria’s Army Shows its Hand, The Estimate, January 15, 1999
		The next day’s newspapers carried a strong attack by former Defense Minister and retired General Khaled Nezzar, a powerful figure who had more to do than anyone else with making President Liamine Zeroual President.
		Nezzar attacked Benbaïbeche and presidential candidate Mouloud Hamrouche as failures — Hamrouche in particular he blamed for the country’s collapse into civil conflict — and Nezzar openly admitted he supports Bouteflika.
		Nezzar does not necessarily speak for all of the current military leadership, and La‘amari has continued to protest his neutrality, but the conventional wisdom has it that Bouteflika has the support of several key generals, and no one doubts who was putting “pressure” on Benbaïbeche or giving “unwritten instructions” to Benhammouda.
	www.theestimate.com /public/011599.html (864 words)

	Special Report
		Mass arrests and torture were implemented, and the army chiefs—including Nezzar, Belkheir and Mohammed Lamari— took advantage of the shock and confusion to purge the regime of “questionable” elements.
		As a result of the FLN’s poor showing, Chadli crony Gen. Khaled Nazzar was catapulted to the forefront and was tapped as minister of defense–the first time since 1965 that anyone other than the head of state occupied the office.
		These demonstrations, cultivated and manipulated by Khaled Nezzar, laid the groundwork for the army’s intervention on Jan. 11, 1992 and the “resignation” of Chadli Benjedid.
	www.wrmea.com /backissues/0498/9804050.html (2628 words)

	Document
		General Khaled Nezzar, former Algerian Minister of Defense and former member of the High State Committee (the body that exercised collectively the functions of head of state from January 1992) directly experienced the events that shook Algeria since October 5, 1988.
		In an interview to the agency Algérie Presse Service on September 9, 1990, the petitioner [Khaled Nezzar] recalls that “faced with the incurred threats, the extent of unrest, the state of siege was declared in Algiers and a military command was appointed to re-establish order and public security (…).
		Although not prepared for this kind of mission, the army responded to the requisition and the duty to save to the country and the Algerian state from the spreading of unrest which could lead to a situation of anarchy and civil war”.
	www.african-geopolitics.org /show.aspx?ArticleId=3136 (6994 words)

	News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		retired General Khaled Nezzar, that is due to begin in Paris on
		ALGERIE : le Général Nezzar doit être poursuivi par le juge
		Général Nezzar, qui poursuit en diffamation Monsieur Habib Souaidia,
	www.euromedrights.net /prvcgi/engelsk-show.asp?id=1070 (1461 words)

	Politique Internationale n° 102 winter 2003-2004 - Experts / J.Garçon: Algéria, destination chaos / Abstract
		As the country's presidential election approaches, it seems everyone in Algeria is washing their dirty linen in public and settling accounts.
		While Bouteflika reels from the blows of former millionaire Khalifa, General Khaled Nezzar, the former "strong arm" of the regime now retired from public life, is delivering an all-out assault on the presidential clan.
		Certainly, given 9/11 and its aftermath, Algeria is no longer the international pariah it used to be.
	www.politiqueinternationale.com /PI_PSO/PI_PRIN/PIPRIN_REV/102/revpde_ab_04102.htm (178 words)

	CTC International Group Limited
		The military backed government under new Head of State Ali Kafi and Minister of Defense Khaled Nezzar appear to be firmly in control, but the Iranian-backed Islamic fundamentalists behind the killing have vowed not to rest until they have established an Islamic state in Algeria.
		But the decision not to appoint Defense Minister Khaled Nezzar, the committee's strongman, could signal a reprieve from an even more authoritarian stance.
		On Saturday, a six-man team was appointed to investigate the assassination.
	www.ctcintl.com /Algerian3.shtml (402 words)

	World Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Recently celebrating the 40th anniversary of its independence, the government is trying to dispel the popular view that the state is subordinate to the nation's military.
		Though Nezzar hoped to silence the voice of opposition through the libel suit, the case actually gave dissidents an opportunity to discuss the military's numerous human rights violations as a number of former officers came out to substantiate Souaidia's claims.
		Their office was vandalized in August 2001, and in March 2002, it was raided by government agents after the magazine published a report on alleged use of secret government funds by Taiwanese officals.
	www.globaljournalist.org /archive/Magazine/worldwatch-20024q.html (2298 words)

	La Nouvelle Republique: Algeria shouldn't persist in a hundred-years-standby to support would-be state, Algeria's ...
		Algeria's former defense minister, Khaled Nezzar said that his country "shouldn't hold itself in a hundred-years-standby to support the claims of a would-be state."
		Nezzar, who served as Algeria's defence minister from 1990 to 1993, explained that "this high ranking official has thus subscribed to the logic of (former Algerian Presidents) Houari Boumedienne, Chadli Benjdid and Mohamed Boudiaf."
		Nezzar had rejected accusations that it was the Algerian military establishment that opposed a political solution to the three decade-long conflict.
	www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Daily/Day/030315/2003031517.html (274 words)

	The Hindu : France lets go Algerian general (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Puechavy was referring to the former Algerian Defence Minister, Gen. Khaled Nezzar, who was allowed to leave France quietly and without fuss, despite three complaints of ``torture'' officially lodged against him with the French police.
		Not only was the general allowed to sneak away in the middle of the night - he took off from Le Bourget airport in a private plane very shortly after the complaints were lodged - but the police have since been harassing the complainants.
		Algiers immediately sent a fax to Paris saying Gen. Nezzar was in Paris ``on a five-day official mission''.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2001/04/28/stories/0328000d.htm (623 words)

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