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Topic: Khalil Sultan

	Eternal Egypt - Type: Sultan
		Al-Ashraf Abu Al-Nasr Inal al-Hasani al-Zahiri was one of the Mamluks of Sultan al-Zahiri Barquq.
		Al-Sultan Izz Al-Din Aybak was one of the Mamluks of Sultan Al-Salih Najm Al- Din Ayyub.
		Sultan Mostafa the Third, son of Sultan Ahmad the Third, was the Ottoman Sultan who reigned from 16 Safar AH 1171 (30 October AD 1757) and died on 18 Rabi I AH 1187 (9 June AD 1773).
	www.eternalegypt.org /EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?ee_website_action_key=action.perform.type.search&language_id=1&trait_item_id=84022 (671 words)

	Khalil Sultan (Timurid dynasty) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Khalil Sultan (1384 – November 4, 1411) was a Timurid ruler in Transoxiana from 1405 to 1409.
		Khalil gained Timur's treasury and bestowed the puppet title of Chagatai Khan (which before had always been granted by Timur to a descendant of Genghis Khan to legitimitze his rule) to a Timurid prince.
		Khalil's rule in Samarkand finally fell when Shah Rukh entered the city unopposed on May 13, 1409.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Khalil_Sultan_(Timurid_dynasty) (339 words)

	Clinton Goveas :: Wikipedia Reference
		The Sultan's army was easily defeated and destroyed on December 17, 1394.
		According to Ruy Gonzáles de Clavijo, ninety captured elephants were employed merely to carry stones from certain quarries to enable the conqueror to erect a mosque at Samarkand, probably the enormous Bibi-Khanym Mosque.
		Painting by Stanisław Chlebowski, Sultan Bayezid prisoned by Timur, 1878, depicting the capture of Bayezid by Timur.
	www.clintongoveas.com /wikipedia/?title=Timur (3350 words)

	Mughal, troops, Babur, Akbar, battle, Kabul, return, military, marched, killed, Lahore, Askari, through - Humayun
		To his South West was Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat, and to the East was Sher Shah Sur (Sher Khan) currently settled along the river Ganges in Bihar.
		During the first five years of Humayun's reign, these two rulers were quietly extending their rule, although Sultan Bahadur faced pressure to the East from sporadic conflicts with the Portuguese.
		Humayun was made aware that the Sultan of Gujarat was planning an assault on the Mughal territories with Portuguese aid.
	www.alphasearch.org /Humayun.html (4333 words)

	Babur Ibn-Baysunkur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Together with Khalil Sultan (a great-great-grandson of Timur), he plundered the baggage-train of the army and then made his way to Khurasan.
		Together with Ulugh Beg and Sultan Muhammad (who gained control of central Persia), Babur became one of the three important Timurid rulers.
		This balance of power was soon upset by Sultan Muhammad, who invaded Khurasan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Babur_Ibn-Baysunkur (464 words)

	St. Louis Crusade
		The sultan continued daily to grow worse in health; and the physicians despaired of his recovery, for he was attacked at the same time by a fistula and an ulcer on his lungs.
		As soon as the sultan had expired, the sultana Chegeret-Eddur, his spouse, sent for the general Fakreddlin and the eunuch Diemaleddin, to inform them of the death of the sultan, and to request their assistance in supporting the weight of government at such a critical period.
		This sultan assembled his council, when it was resolved, that, in order to gain access to succour Damietta, which had lately been rebuilt, not far from the site of the ancient town, that had been ruined, a bridge should be constructed from Kiloub to the town.
	www.ordotempli.org /st__louis_crusade.htm (8546 words)

	Rabih Abou-Khalil : Sultan's Picnic - Listen, Review and Buy at ARTISTdirect
		The personnel on Sultan's Picnic is so similar to that of Blue Camel that one might expect them to sound similar.
		But there's a key difference in the presence of Howard Levy on Sultan's Picnic.
		Levy is a talented harmonica player who has done a lot of offbeat work, including a stint with Béla Fleck & the Flecktones.
	www.artistdirect.com /nad/store/artist/album/0,,201425,00.html (347 words)

	Egypt: History - Bahri Mameluke Period
		The khalif remained a figurehead while the Mameluke sultans continued to rule the remnants of the Islamic Empire.
		Qalawun was followed by his son Khalil in 1290, who captured the Christian port of Acre, razed the Crusaders' castles and drove them to Cyprus.
		Lacking strong sultans to control them, the Bahri (river) and Burgi (Tower) Mamelukes were continually at loggerheads, using their local wars as excuses to plunder the civilian populations.
	www.touregypt.net /hbahrima.htm (1357 words)

	Khalil Ramadan - Holiday Folder
		On March 4 the army arrested Hanadi Khalil Ramadan, a 29-year-old woman accused of "collaborating with the enemy and its collaborators.
		Ramadan Khalil Lion (Ramadan) Kholoud Ramadan Kholoud Ramadan Kram Ramadan Leena Ramadan Leena Ramadan Lina Ramadan Linda Ramadan Lynn Ramadan
		For Khalil, the significance of Ramadan is difficult to describe.
	www.holidayfolder.com /ramadan/khalil_ramadan (634 words)

	Winne.com - Report on Egypt, New dimensions, new frontiers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Sultan deputized his general Shirkoh to repel the Fatimid and Frank armies and conquered Upper Egypt, sending his nephew Salah al-Din Al-Ayyubi to capture Alexandria, thus opening the way for the Ayyubid Dynasty.
		The sultan during this time was al Ashraf Kansuh Al-Ghury who was elected in 1501 at the age of 60.
		The division was originally created deliberately by Sultan Selim between the Kassemites (who were the Mamelukes of Egypt) and the Fikarites (who were the Turkish Janissaries).
	www.winne.com /egypt2/bf05.html (4616 words)

	Science & Technology
		Prince Khalil Sultan, of the right wing, not withstanding his youth, attacked one of the monster elephants, cut down his driver, and led the animal, as a husbandman drives a buffalo in the plough, to Timur.
		So in the darkness of the night Sultan Mahmud left the city by the gate of Hauz-rani and Mallu Khan by the Baraka gate, both of which are to the south of the Jahan-panah.
		In the days of the old Sultans they had paid the jizya, but they had broken away from their allegiance to the sovereigns of Islam, and would not now pay the tax, so the slaughter and plunder of them was lawful and laudable.
	www.infinityfoundation.com /ECITZafarnamaframe.htm (5971 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| An unsung hero
		Watts was talking about Al-Ashraf Khalil's monumental tomb, located 500m south of the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, a high dome set on a square base whose entrance, due to the rising level of the adjacent streets over the last 700 years, is now five metres below street level.
		"In their ignorance they failed to understand that in the eyes of Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil, the ending of the Christian occupation of Palestine and Syria was of far greater importance than the maintenance of trade.
		At Acre, the sultan's forces were instrumental in destroying the massive walls which stood around the 'English Tower' and the 'Accursed Tower,' thus giving Mameluke troops under the command of the white-turbaned emirs ready access to the city's streets."
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1998/396/tr2.htm (699 words)

	DECLINE & FALL
		But this slave was his master: the viziers or sultans had usurped the supreme administration of Egypt; the claims of the rival candidates were decided by arms; and the name of the most worthy, of the strongest, was inserted in the royal patent of command.
		During his short existence, the kingdom of Jerusalem (58) was supported by the discord of the Turks and Saracens; and both the Fatimite caliphs and the sultans of Damascus were tempted to sacrifice the cause of their religion to the meaner considerations of private and present advantage.
		The most illustrious sultans of the Baharite and Borgite dynasties (102) were themselves promoted from the Tartar and Circassian bands; and the four-and-twenty beys, or military chiefs, have ever been succeeded, not by their sons, but by their servants.
	matrix.csustan.edu /XLib/History/Decline/volume2/chap59.htm (9620 words)

	Ottoman and Persian Empires 1300-1730 by Sanderson Beck
		Sultan Mehmed II invaded Bosnia in 1463 after King Stjepan Tomashevich was crowned by Pope Pius II and withheld tribute.
		For six generations Ottoman sultans had had children by women in their harem without marrying; but a year after the Sultan's mother died, Roxelana persuaded Sulayman in 1534 to marry her and exile Mustafa's mother Gulbehar.
		The Sultan refused to extradite Charles to Russia because of the tradition of hospitality.
	san.beck.org /1-10-Ottoman1300-1730.html (18048 words)

	Children's Stories - A Monkey in the Palace
		The next day was his birthday and he was going to ask his father, the Sultan, for something very special.
		The Sultan had no sooner left than Hassan jumped out of Sharif’s arms and ran into the rose garden.
		Khalil welcomed the cub and helped teach him the tiger’s way of doing things.
	www.electricscotland.com /kids/stories/monkey.htm (1090 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Diplomacy of the Sons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		But Khalil Sultan was already dead, and Yung Lo’s letter, like that of his father 16 years earlier, took an offensively arrogant tone: Yung Lo styled himself “Lord of all the Realms of the Face of the Earth” and addressed Shah Rukh as his vassal.
		Shah Rukh, for all his cosmopolitanism, was furious, and is said to have sent a rejoinder to the effect that the sooner the emperor of China converted to Islam the better it would be for all concerned.
		He established with the Khwaja that, from the day they returned, they would record on the pages of their notebooks, without addition or deletion, all they witnessed—events, condition of roads, construction of towns, description of garrisons, situations of buildings, condition of kings, and so on.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/200603/the.diplomacy.of.the.sons.htm (4013 words)

	Memorial Complexes of Termez
		At the beginning of XV c., under the rule of Khalil Sultan, a grandson of Amir Temur, (1405- 1409) on the east-west axis of the mausoleum there was erected the largest building complex.
		It had a number of cult structures added at different times: mausoleums, mosques and hanagoh, built on the perimeter of an elongated courtyard with a combination of integral and short compositions.The most ancient part was a three-part frontal opening the southwest part of the complex to the courtyard side.
		Such a "diamond-shaped" base was implemented in the mausoleums of the complex of Sultan Saodat in the XI c.
	www.advantour.com /uzbekistan/termez/memorial-complexes.htm (1997 words)

	Chapter The Crusades. of History of The Decline And Fall of The Roman Empire by Gibbon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		After a siege of thirty three days, the double wall was forced by the Moslems; the principal tower yielded to their engines; the Mamalukes made a general assault; the city was stormed; and death or slavery was the lot of sixty thousand Christians.
		The king of Jerusalem, the patriarch and the great master of the hospital, effected their retreat to the shore; but the sea was rough, the vessels were insufficient; and great numbers of the fugitives were drowned before they could reach the Isle of Cyprus, which might comfort Lusignan for the loss of Palestine.
		By the command of the sultan, the churches and fortifications of the Latin cities were demolished: a motive of avarice or fear still opened the holy sepulchre to some devout and defenceless pilgrims; and a mournful and solitary silence prevailed along the coast which had so long resounded with the world's debate.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/1/62/109/25703/6.html (407 words)

	Africa and the Middle East 1300-1615
		Karimi merchants helped the sultan and his governors endow madrasas and waqfs for charitable purposes and to patronize poets and scholars, who often criticized the luxurious lives of the ruling class.
		With the sultan's help they were able to return to the capital in 1379; but Andronicus IV and his son John VII had to be recognized as legitimate heirs and were given principalities.
		For six generations Ottoman sultans had had children by women in their harem without marrying; but a year after the Sultan's mother died, Roxelana persuaded Suleiman in 1534 to marry her and exile Mustafa's mother Gulbehar.
	www.san.beck.org /AC4_Africa_Middle-East_.htm (21144 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Historical Conflicts \| Third Crusade: Siege of Acre
		The rise of the Mamelukes, ferocious slave-warriors from Egypt, in the mid- 13th century signaled an end to the Frankish states of the Levant.
		Tripoli was destroyed as the sultan Qalawan turned his attention to driving all Christians out of Palestine.
		Sultan Khalil impatiently ordered 2,000 warriors to break through the dazed defenders at the breach.
	www.historynet.com /historical_conflicts/3028006.html?page=4&c=y (813 words)

	Acre: City Taken and Retaken (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Tripoli was destroyed as the sultan Qalawan turned his attention to driving all Christians out of Palestine.
		Sultan Khalil impatiently ordered 2,000 warriors to break through the dazed defenders at the breach.
		To make sure Acre never became a Christian bastion again, Sultan Khalil ordered its walls, castles and buildings to be torn down and burned.
	www.thehistorynet.com /mh/blacretaken/index2.html (1596 words)

	Briton at the heart of Bahrain's brutality rule Independent, The (London) - Find Articles
		I was taken to SIS headquarters where Colonel Adel Fleifl came into my cell and attacked me with his cane, whipping me six times on the head, face and thighs.
		After initial meetings with Sheikh Mohamed, the interior minister, Sheikh Khalil and two other prominent Shia inmates were told they could offer proposals for an end to the unrest to Henderson in person.
		Sheikh Khalil and his two colleagues put to Henderson a series of proposals which they said would end the disorder In Bahrain.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19960218/ai_n14032702 (875 words)

	Amir Temur epoch - Bukhara History
		After Amir Temur died and Khalil Sultan had risen to power in Samarkand, Ulughbek and Ibrahim Sultan, the sons of Shakhruh — who were pretenders to the throne and opposed the ruling power — arrived in Bukhara.
		It was the second center of Maverannakhr after Samarkand, and it was situated close to Khorasan from whence the assistance of Shakhruh was expected.
		Shakhruh was able to pursue this because the sheikhs of Bukhara had strong influence on the thinking of its people and played a great role in political affairs of the state.
	www.advantour.com /uzbekistan/bukhara/history/012.htm (859 words)

	Memoirs of an Islamist - Timur
		He was opposed at Loni by the Sultan of Delhi, Mahmûd Tughlûq, whom he defeated.
		I appointed Prince Khalil Sultan, Shaikh Muhammad, son of Aiku-timur and some other commanders of regiments, to make the assault upon the left, and try to take the fort.
		The people of these forts and countries had formerly paid the jizya (poll-tax) to the Sultan of Hindustan; but for a long time past they had grown strong, and casting off their allegiance to those sovereigns, they no longer paid the jizya but indulged in all sorts of opposition.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/742629/posts (11394 words)

	Osprey Publishing - Acre 1291
		The Templar of Tyre witnessed events: ‘The sultan pitched his tents very close together, from Toron all the way up to al-Sumairiya, so that the whole plain was covered with tents.
		The tent of the sultan himself, which is called the dahlis (Arabic for vestibule or reception room) was on a small hill, where there was a lovely tower and gardens and vineyards of the Templars.
		This dahlis was entirely red, and its door opened facing the city of Acre.’ The siege of Acre formally began the next day; meanwhile part of the Sultan’s harem arrived in Damascus on 9 April.
	www.ospreypublishing.com /title_detail.php/title=S8626~view=extract (219 words)

	chronology_an_arab_view
		Kilij Arslan, sultan of Nicaea, crushes a Crusaders invasion led by Peter the Hermit.
		Alliance of Muslim and Frankish princes of Syria against an army dispatched by the sultan.
		The sultan Khalil, son of Qalawun, takes Acre, putting an end to two centuries of Crusaders presence in the Orient.
	www.allcrusades.com /CHRONOLOGICAL/chronology_an_arab_view.htm (626 words)

	Discovery :: Archive :: Bakhauddin Nakshbandi Ensamble
		At an early age the gifted child Bakhauddin Nakshbandi was sent to study under Sheikh Abdalkhalik Gijduvani, founder of the “Khodjagon”, an order of dervishes-mystics, whose teachings later became the base for the “Nakshbandi” order.
		A full 12 years the young Bakhauddin spent under the tutelage of Khalil Sultan, the nephew of Tamerlane himself.
		According to the Encyclopedia of Islam, he devoted himself to “the care of animals for seven years and road-mending for another seven”.
	www.silkpress.com /old/archive/discovery/autumn2005/nakshbandi.shtml (768 words)

	Prince's police strike terror into opposition Independent, The (London) - Find Articles
		After discussions with Mr Henderson during their imprisonment last year Khalil Sultan, Hassan Sultan and Jamri agreed to call on Shias to end protests in return for the release of political prisoners and democratic reform.
		On a tour of opposition groups after his release, to ask them to end their campaign as part of the deal, Khalil Sultan heard the interior ministry denied any such bargain.
		The truce collapsed and the four organisations were left to carry on campaigns in exile, publicising the torture carried out by Mr Henderson's men.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19960219/ai_n14032998 (882 words)

	Timur Summary
		Tamerlane passed the winter of 1401/1402 in the eastern Caucasus before moving westward into Anatolia to deal the final blow to Sultan Bayazid (Bajazet), who was defeated and taken prisoner at the Battle of Ankara (July 20, 1402).
		The Sultan died while still in captivity, but the story, familiar from Marlowe's Tamburlaine the Great, that he was transported in an iron cage like a wild beast, is based on a misunderstanding of a phrase in the record of the historian Arabshah.
		Army of Emperor Sultan Nasir-u-Din Mehmud of Tughlaq Dynasty were easy defeated and destroyed on December 17.
	www.bookrags.com /Timur (3608 words)

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