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	Isma'il Pasha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Isma'il Pasha, known as Ismail the Magnificent (December 31, 1830–March 2, 1895) (Arabic: إسماعيل باشا), was khedive of Egypt from 1863 until he was removed at the behest of the British in 1879.
		Ismail was born in Cairo, being the second of the three sons of Ibrahim Pasha and grandson of Mehemet Ali.
		Ismail at once left Egypt for Naples, but eventually was permitted by the sultan to retire to his palace of Emirgan on the Bosporus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ismail_Pasha (1233 words)

	Ismail Pasha - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ismail Pasha, 1830-95, ruler of Egypt (1863-79), son of Ibrahim Pasha.
		Ismail used the Egyptian cotton crop, enormously enhanced in value by the American Civil War, to obtain credits for grandiose schemes, including irrigation projects, schools, palaces, the construction of the Suez Canal, and the extension of Egyptian rule in Sudan.
		In 1875, Ismail was forced to sell to Great Britain his stockholdings (some 44%) in the Suez Canal, and in 1876 he was obliged to place the finances of Egypt under the control of a debt commission that represented the French and British bondholders.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ismailp1a.html (329 words)

	Ismail Pasha
		Ismail Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, was born at Cairo on the 31st of December 1830, being the second of the three sons of Ibrahim and grandson of Mehemet Ali.
		Ismail projected vast schemes of internal reform, remodelling the customs system and the post office, stimulating commercial progress, creating a sugar industry, introducing European improvements into Cairo and Alexandria, building palaces, entertaining lavishly and maintaining an opera and a theater.
		Ismail then used every available means, by his own undoubted powers of fascination and by judicious expenditure, to bring his personality before the foreign sovereigns and public, and he had no little success.
	www.nndb.com /people/205/000104890 (1302 words)

	Riaz Pasha - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ismail, recognizing in this obscure individual a capacity for hard work and a strong will, made him one of his ministers, to find, to his chagrin, that Riaz was also an honest man possessed of a remarkable independence of character.
		When Ismail's financial straits compelled him to agree to a commission of inquiry Riaz was the only Egyptian of known honesty sufficiently intelligent and patriotic to be named as a vice-president of the commission.
		The khedive, however, felt compelled, when as a sop to his European creditors he assumed the position of a constitutional monarch, to nominate Riaz as a member of the first Egyptian cabinet.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Riaz_Pasha (646 words)

	Khedive Ismail
		When his predecessor Saiid died, Ismail was the eldest male in the family and accordingly Egypt’s rule passed to him.
		Ismail strove against slave trade in Sudan, expanded Egypt’s properties in Africa, and inaugurated the Suez Canal for international navigation.
		Ismail died in 1895 and was buried in Cairo
	www.presidency.gov.eg /html/e_khedive_ismail.html (175 words)

	Egypt - ISMAIL, TAWFIQ, AND THE URABI REVOLT
		Ismail achieved a considerable degree of independence from the Porte (from Sublime Porte, the term for the High Gate that came to be synonymous with the Ottoman government) by making large payments to the Ottoman treasury.
		Ismail's attempt to make Egypt independent foundered eventually because of the gap between the revenues the country could produce and the expenses necessary to achieve his goals.
		During Ismail's reign, 112 canals, 13,440 kilometers long, were dug; 400 bridges were built; 480 kilometers of railroad lines were laid; and 8,000 kilometers of telegraph lines were erected.
	countrystudies.us /egypt/24.htm (619 words)

	Tewfik Pasha
		Khedive of Egypt, son of the Khedive Ismail, was born on the 15th of November 1852.
		Ismail sought this alteration mainly because he disliked his uncle, Halim Pasha, who was his heir-presumptive, and he is supposed to have imagined that he would be able to select whichever of his sons he pleased for his successor.
		His answer was, "I am still khedive, and I remain with my people in the hour of their danger." At his palace of Ramleh, 3 miles from the town, he was beyond reach of the shells, but his life was nevertheless imperilled.
	www.nndb.com /people/105/000098808 (1167 words)

	et - Printer Friendly
		Khedive Ismail (r.1863-1879), the ambitious and unscrupulous prince who succeeded viceroy Said on the throne of Egypt, managed in 16 short years to bring about his country’s bankruptcy as well as his own downfall.
		El-Muffatish became the khedive’s main agent in the management of his estates and the arm that reached deep into the pockets of the fellahin peasants to extract the last few piasters that they may have been hiding to feed their families.
		Whether Khedive Ismail was aware of El-Muffatish’s treachery and bided his time or had genuinely trusted him will never be known, but the Khedive kept El-Muffatish near him during all his tribulations to extract himself from the claws of his European creditors.
	www.egypttoday.com /printerfriendly.aspx?ArticleID=4851 (1217 words)

	Egypt - From Intervention to Occupation, 1876-82
		When Ismail suspended payment of interest on the loans in 1875, his creditors in Britain and France appointed two men to represent their interests and negotiate new arrangements with the khedive.
		Ismail was also forced to delegate governmental responsibility to his cabinet, which was made independent of the khedive and responsible for the administration of the country.
		In a shrewd political move, Ismail summoned the European consuls and confronted them with the discontent of the delegates, the disaffection in the army, and the general public uneasiness.
	countrystudies.us /egypt/25.htm (1632 words)

	Khedive Ismail
		Khedive Ismail's goals for Egypt were similar to those of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali.
		Khedive Ismail's attempt to make Egypt independent foundered eventually because of the gap between the revenues the country could produce and the expenses necessary to achieve his goals.
		During Ismail's reign, 112 canals, 13,440 kilometres long, were dug; 400 bridges were built; 480 kilometres of railroad lines were laid; and 8,000 kilometres of telegraph lines were erected.
	www.travel-to-egypt.net /history-of-egypt-autonomy-occupation.html (618 words)

	Ali Egypt 4
		Driven to desperation, Ismail made a virtue of necessity and accepted, in September 1878, in lieu of the Dual Control, a constitutional ministry, under the presidency of Nubar Pasha, with Rivers Wilson as minister of finance and de Blignires as minister of public works.
		On the June 26, 1879 Ismail suddenly received from the sultan a curt telegram, addressed to him as ex-khedive of Egypt, informing him that his son Tewfik was appointed his successor.
		Urabi pleaded guilty, was sentenced to death, the sentence being commuted by the khedive to banishment; and Riaz resigned in disgust.
	www.the-world-in-focus.com /Africa/Egypt/History/aliegypt4.html (1149 words)

	Rags, Riches and Fairy Tales - a story from the City of the Dead
		The humiliation of Khedive Ismail by Europe and the Ottoman Sultan undermined the authority of his son Khedive Tawfik who ruled from 1879.
		He was succeded by his oldest son Khedive Abbas I. The British occupation would hold a firm grip on Egypt until the revolution in 1952 sent both British rule and the Egyptian kingdom out of the country.
		On the left side of Princess Aminah, the white marble tomb of her firstborn, Khedive Abbas II is found - and on the right the tomb of Prince Muhammed Ali.
	www.egyptmyway.com /articles/cityofdead3.html (1333 words)

	Egitalloyd Travel, Egypt
		It was built during the reign of Khedive Abbass Helmi II in 1897, and opened on November 15, 1902.
		Khedive Ismail ordered the palace be erected in 1863, and the palace was named after Abdeen Bay, one of the army commander under Mohamed Ali Basha.
		In 1872, Khedive Ismail moved to Abdeen Palace, leaving the castle, old seat of Egypt's government, that was built by Saladdin Al Ayoubi in 1171.
	egitalloyd.com /museume.htm (2380 words)

	Henry N. Brailsford. The War of Steel and Gold. 1918(1914). Chapter Three.
		The Khedive Ismail, who came to the throne in 1863, was a spendthrift of genius.
		Ismail granted a constitution, and the Egyptian Parliament, with the national army behind it, became a real power which could be trusted to resist profligate expenditure.
		Midway in the crisis the spendthrift Ismail was deposed.
	www.lib.byu.edu /estu/wwi/comment/Brailsford/AP03.htm (8408 words)

	Paris on the Nile
		Ismail hungered to be a part of the civilized Europe, and upon his return to Cairo, he set about to fulfill this dream with the short-lived money from his cotton bonanza.
		When the Khedive Ismail and Ali Mubarak drew up the plans for modern Cairo, there was no doubt that they would have to rely on foreigners to implement their ideas, at least in the beginning.
		Ismail built Ezbekiya into a centerpiece of his new scheme, opening up two new boulevards into the old city which cut straight through the Citadel neighborhood, but the new city to the west was planned to be quite separate from the old city.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/paris.htm (3784 words)

	Khedive Ismail
		Employed by his uncle, Said Mohammed, the viceroy of Egypt, the European educated Ismail traveled on missions to the Pope, Napoleon, and the sultan of Turkey.
		Four years later the sultan of Turkey granted him the title of khedive with the right to pass the title to his son.
		Ismail remodeled Egypt's customs system and the post office, created a sugar industry, introduced European improvements into Cairo and Alexandria, promoted the Suez Canal project, built palaces, and entertained lavishly.
	partners.nytimes.com /library/magazine/millennium/m1/1_09_khedive.1.html (166 words)

	Gilbert Parker : Donovan Pasha : At the Mercy of Tiberius
		Ismail granted it with reluctance, chiefly because he disliked any interference with his comforts, and Dicky was one of them--in some respects the most important.
		The Khedive did not reply, for at that moment he recognised the dervish; and now he understood that Dicky Donovan had made the pilgrimage to Mecca with the Mahmal caravan; that an infidel had desecrated the holy city; and that his Englishman had lied to him.
		Ismail's fury was great, for the blue devils had him by the heels that day; but on the instant he saw the eyes of Sadik the Mouffetish, and their cunning, cruelty, and soulless depravity, their present search for a victim to his master's bad temper, acted at once on Ismail's sense of humour.
	www.classicreader.com /read.php/sid.1/bookid.2866/sec.10 (3030 words)

	cuno abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Amina (1858-1931), the bride of Tawfiq, was the granddaughter of the viceroy Abbas I (1849-1863), one Ismail's paternal cousins.
		This practice was continued through the reign of Khedive Ismail, who, like his grandfather, sought to insure the loyalty of his officers and officials with grants of land as well as by marrying them to women from his harem.
		In Ismail's time the trousseau included endowed land: Daniel Crecelius found that "it was common practice for the princes and princesses of the ruling house to give their freed slaves in marriage and to grant them at that time a parcel of 100-1,000 feddans [approximately acres] constituted in waqf" (Crecelius 1981, 115).
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~mescha/famabstracts/cuno.html (8589 words)

	aprilMES98
		In 1867 Emperor Napoleon III invited Khedive Ismail, ruler of Egypt, to Paris for its Exposition Universelle.
		Khedive Ismail returned home determined to do for Cairo what Haussmann had done for Paris.
		When Khedive Ismail began the building of modern Cairo in the 1860s, he encouraged technicians from Europe to come to Egypt to practice in the public and private sectors, and those Italian, French, English, and Austro-Hungarian architects brought with them to Egypt the building fashions of Europe.
	www.aaanet.org /mes/aprmyn.htm (1897 words)

	Ismail Pasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ismail was a very ambitious leader of Egypt, aiming at bringing the country back to former greatness.
		The result was actual bankruptcy for Egypt, directly leading to his fall as khedive and the British occupation in 1882.
		Among Ismail's most successful projects were to create not only a modern Cairo, but also parts of Alexandria, with wide avenues and buildings based upon European models.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/ismail_p.htm (335 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Stone of Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When the Khedive Ismail set out a century ago to rebuild the Egyptian Army, which had won glory and renown in the reign of his grandfather Muhammad Ali, he turned for help to what must, at the time, have seemed an unlikely source.
		For Ismail, a shrewd, intuitive man of 39 who then was in his fourth year as Viceroy of Egypt, the employment of an American as his chief of staff offered obvious advantages.
		The Khedive's free-spending ways, however, were rapidly bringing Egypt to the brink of bankruptcy, and this gave the British and French an excuse to intervene.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197201/stone.of.egypt.htm (4013 words)

	Egypt - Outline Of The History Of Egypt From 1878 To The Present Day
		The cause of this outbreak was attributable to the financial recklessness of the previous Khedive, Ismail Pasha.
		On September 10, 1881, Arabi took the Khedive, his ministers and their European advisers completely by surprise, by announcing that the army would march to the Palace of Abdin and demand the retirement of the Riaz ministry, and other reforms in the army recommended by the military commission already referred to.
		The Khedive and the ministry moved from Cairo to Alexandria, and the British admiral, Sir Beauchamp Seymour, determined to use his best efforts to put down the rebellion and reinstate Tewfik in his full rights as Khedive of Egypt, which he was rapidly losing.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles36/egypt-19.shtml (4247 words)

	HgereNajran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		WERNER Munzinger Pasha, a Swiss adventurer and ardent advocate of Egyptian expansionism, was Khedive Ismail's governor of the Eastern Sudan and Eritrea during the 1870s (1).
		Khedive Ismail disregarded the Abyssinian protest and annexed the land of the Bogos, Munzinger becoming the military governor of the province.
		However, the Khedive's leitmotiv was the control of the Blue and White Niles and their tributaries.
	hagerenagran.com /munzinger.htm (4396 words)

	KHEDIVE ISMAIL
		Ismail Pasha's progeny extends today over five continents and his last surviving grandchild Princess Fawzia, ex-Empress of Persia is a semi-recluse in Alexandria.
		Henceforth, Ismail Pasha was allowed to increase his army from 16,000 soldiers to 30,000 and he could mint his own currency as long as he respected the mandatory mention of the sultan.
		Out of the three khedives who ruled Egypt two ended up in exile: Ismail, was banished to villa "La Favorita" situated on the golden mile running from Resina to Torre de Greco at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, Italy, and Abbas Hilmi who was deposed in December 1914 while on holiday in Turkey.
	www.egy.com /people/95-12-30.shtml (1853 words)

	Egypt and the Eastern Question
		The decline of the ulama and the merchants was accelerated by the socioeconomic transformation of Egypt that led to the emergence of secular education, to secularly trained civil servants staffing the government bureaucracy, and to the reorientation of Egyptian trade.
		FROM AUTONOMY TO OCCUPATION: ISMAIL, TAWFIQ, AND THE URABI REVOLT
		Britain deposed Khedive Abbas, who had succeeded Khedive Tawfiq upon the latter's death in 1892, because Abbas, who was in Istanbul when the war broke out, was suspected of pro-German sympathies.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/593Egy.html (9447 words)

	State Information Service-Publications
		Khedive Ismail bought the small palace from his widow, pulled it down, added vast tracts of surrounding lands and ordered the present palace to be built in 1863.
		Side by side with the building of the palace, the city of Cairo was planned to European style, with spacious squares and wide roads, bridges across the River Nile alongwith palaces and magnificient buildings which rendered Cairo at that time a beautiful city.
		When the palace was completed in 1872, Khedive Ismail and his entourage moved in.
	www.sis.gov.eg /En/Publications/909/1468/1478/1490.htm (355 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Khedive's Cartographers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As a result, he left the army and was working as a mining engineer in West Virginia when the khedive of Egypt began to recruit a corps of American military officers to help rebuild the Egyptian Army and map Egyptian territory in Africa.
		For Stone, this was another chance and he seized it: in 1870 he was appointed chief of staff of the Egyptian Army with the rank of major general.
		On June 30, 1878, Ismail's regime, on the verge of bankruptcy, discharged all but General Stone, who, still uncertain of his reception in the United States, lingered on until 1883, when the British occupation of Egypt rendered his position superfluous.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/198405/the.khedive.s.cartographers.htm (2065 words)

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