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Topic: Khilafat

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	Khilafat Movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was a movement amongst the Muslims of British India (the largest single Muslim community in one geo-political entity at the time) to ensure that the British, victors of World War I, kept a promise made at the Versailles.
		Their avowed aim was to use whatever leverage they had with the British, as residents of a British colony, to protect the Caliphate.
		Gandhi became a member of the Central Khilafat Committee and at the Nagpur session (1920) of the Indian National Congress Gandhi proposed a non-cooperation campaign, of non-violent satyagraha, in support of swaraj and khilafat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Khilafat_Movement (866 words)

	The Khilafat Movement, Mahatma Gandhiji leading the Congress and the start of Non-Cooperation Movement
		The first stirrings in favour of the Khilafat Movement in Bengal was seen on 30 December 1918 at the 11th Session of the All India muslim league held in Delhi.
		In early 1920 the Bengal Provincial Khilafat Committee was organised with Maulana Abdur Rauf as President, Maniruzzaman Islambadi as Vice President, Maulana Akram Khan as General Secretary, and Mujibur Rahman and Majid Baksh as Joint Secretaries respectively.
		Prominent Bengali Khilafat leaders such as A K Fazlul Huq, Abul Kasem, Mujibur Rahman participated in the conference and reiterated the view that unless their demands on the Khilafat problem were met non-cooperation and boycott would continue.
	www.indhistory.com /khilafat-movement.html (2868 words)

	The fall of Ottoman Caliphate and the Indian Khilafat Movement.\| MeraWatan
		It is a folly to think that the Khilafat Movement was the aspiration of a single community in India.
		Khilafat Movement was India's reaction at the misdeeds of the Imperial forces in First World War.
		Khilafat leaders like Ali Musliyar, Kunhammad Haji (who established a short-lived Caliphate in Malabar) are still remembered for their ceaseless struggle against the Imperial power.
	www.jaihoon.com /watan/indarbkhilafat.htm (2093 words)

	Ummah.com - khilafat in Islam..... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In the moral and spiritual sense, Khilafat means that all human beings are 'Khalifa of Allah' or representatives of Allah on earth.
		Khilafat, as a system of politics and management of state was established by the companions of Prophet (SM).
		The third dimension of Khilafat is that it means the form of Government in Islam.
	www.ummah.net /forum/printthread.php?t=8839 (2674 words)

	Al Islam - Criticisms against Khilafat‑i‑Rashida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Firstly, it was intended to convey the fact that Khilafat would not be confined to one or two individuals but would extend to a considerable number of individuals from amongst the followers and the institution would continue in operation up to the last day.
		As Khilafat in those early days was political as well as religious, it was decided by the believers that the election should be held by the companions of the Holy Prophet, who knew the faith well, and also, the person who was well versed in it.
		Khilafat falls in the same category of offices as Prophethood and is therefore bound by the same criteria.
	www.alislam.org /library/khilafat (7329 words)

	Khilafat Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The genesis of the Khilafat Movement can be traced to the mind-set of the Indian Muslim that if Ottoman Turkey, the symbol of Islam's worldly power, was to disappear their political importance vis-a-vis the Hindus would be extremely compromised.
		It is fashionable to run down the Khilafat Movement as an emotion-al outburst of impracticable men who lived in a make-belief Roman he world of their own.
		If the Khilafat Movement failed to achieve its immediate objectives it was because its demands clashed with the interests of the Allied governments who displayed no compassion for the Indian point of view.
	www.binoria.org /albineng/august98/khilafat.html (1856 words)

	rediff.com: Varsha Bhosle on Khilafat
		The organiser of the campaign, Mohammed Adil Khot, urged Muslims worldwide to strive for Khilafat as, without it, Islam is incomplete; for, under it, all humankind obeys the commandments of Allah.
		Khilafat, or caliphate, urges all Muslims to unite into a single nation devoid of geographical boundaries and regional loyalties.
		There's another aspect to Khilafat, that which is tacit and understood by the 'believers', and without also which Islam remains incomplete: Its ultimate aim is the Islamisation of the world.
	www.rediff.com /news/2001/nov/05varsha.htm (1780 words)

	Feature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The system of Caliphate (Khilafat) was established by God Almighty after the demise of the Holy Prophet when Allah appointed Hazrat Abubakr to be the first Caliph (Khilafat).
		The seed sown by the prophet is protected and is nurtured by the Khilafat till it becomes a strong tree.
		The Ahmadiyya Khilafat is the second manifestation and Allah has assured Ahmadi Muslims that this Khilafat (system of caliphate) will remain with them till the end of time provided the rules of conduct are taken care of.
	www.dailynews.lk /2005/05/27/fea06.htm (938 words)

	POLITICAL PARTIES AND INDIAN MUSLIMS
		The supporters of Khilafat lost their great cause when the people of Turkey abolished the post of Caliph, a few years later.
		Khilafat movement was an attempt to incite the sentiments of Indian Muslims for a cause that did not in any way benefit them, socially or economically or in any other manner.
		This is the reason for the fact that support to meaningless movements like Khilafat by Mahatma Gandhi led to the elimination of the leaders among Muslims who talked of development, growth and modernisation.
	www.samarthbharat.com /muslim.htm (1614 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The irony of this is sharpened by the fact that the greatest critic of the Khilafat movement and the Congress’s part in it was Jinnah, once Dadabhai Naoroji’s private secretary, and, at the time, the outstanding representative of the Moderate tendency in Muslim politics.
		When Gandhi described the Khilafat cause as the “Muslim cow”, that is, a sacred, sentimental cause, his analogy was off the mark.
		No, the reason the Khilafat movement was aberrant was because the earlier deals had been based on rational political bargaining, whereas agitating for the Sultan was inflammatory posturing in a hopeless cause.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1050626/asp/opinion/story_4915438.asp (1486 words)

	[No title]
		The preservation of the Khilafat with such guarantee as may be necessary for the protection of the interests of the non-Muslim races living under Turkish rule and the Khalif's control over Arabia and the Holy Places with such arrangement as may be required for guaranteeing Arab self-rule, should the Arabs desire it.
		I must accept his statement that the Khilafat is with him a religious question in the sense that it binds him to reach the goal even at the cost of his own life.
		But the constitution does allow a Viceroy to resign his high office when he is called upon to carry out decisions that are immoral as the peace terms are or like these terms are calculated to stir to their very depth the feelings of those whose affair he is administering for the time being.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/1/0/3/6/10366/10366.txt (22099 words)

	THE STATESMAN..... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In December 1919, the Khilafat Conference held its second session in Amritsar where the Muslim League and the Congress also held their annual sessions.
		But the tensions raised could not be settled and Jinnah could no longer play a leading role in the Khilafat movement and it passed into the hands of Ali brothers, Dr. Kitchlew and the militant segment of the Ulema.
		Gandhi became the head of the Khilafat movement and declared that the Indians would boycott all British goods, courts, institutions, elections etc. He urged that such large scale protest movement would force the British to grant India self rule.
	www.pakistan.gov.pk /Quaid/politician6.htm (787 words)

	Mohammad Ali Jauhar Khilafat Movement
		Q: Going back to the Khilafat Movement, I am finding that however strange and absurd it may have seemed in its goals, it was still a very popular movement.
		But unfortunately all these people were lost in the Khilafat Movement, completely, because they supported a cause which Gandhi saw [as limited] but which they did not.
		Quaid, for instance, never paid any attention to the Khilafat Movement because he had a much clearer sense that it was futile.
	www.harappa.com /amjad_ali/amjadali_interview_mohd_aili.html (776 words)

	Reply to Qadiani article on khilafat (Part 1 of 2)
		The Qadianis have placed an article on their Website (www.alislam.org) entitled Khilafat and Pledge of Allegiance to Khilafat, written by their missionary Sheikh Mubarak Ahmad, attempting to justify the Qadiani khilafat system and to prove that "the system of Khilafat which was established after the Holy Prophet [Muhammad] has been re-established after the Promised Messiah".
		By proving that this Khilafat is permanent and continuing, and did not terminate in the age of the Companions, Hazrat Mirza sahib is putting himself forward as a khalifa in the khilafat of the Holy Prophet Muhammad.
		Both Moses and the Prophet Muhammad were given the promise of the establishment of a khilafat, as is stated in the khilafat verse of the Quran.
	www.muslim.org /qadis/khil-rep1.htm (3368 words)

	The Story of My Experiments with Truth - An Autobiography
		The letter of invitation went on to say, among other things, that not only the Khilafat question but the question of cow protection as well would be discussed at the conference, and it would, therefore, afford a golden opportunity for a settlement of the question.
		Before the conference I contended that, if the Khilafat question had a just and legitimate basis, as I believe it had, and if the Government had really committed a gross injustice, the Hindus were bound to stand by the Musalmans in their demand for the redress of the Khilafat wrong.
		But it would be another matter and quite graceful, and reflect great credit on them, if the Musalmans of their own free will stopped cow slaughter out of regard for the religious sentiments of the Hindus, and from a sense of duty towards them as neighbours and children of the same soil.
	www.shubhayan.com /gandhi/chap161.html (1656 words)

	chapati mystery :: Imagining Pakistan II: Jauhar
		The Khilafat Movement was a campaign, in India, to unite Muslims across the world in an expression of anxiety over the fate of Turkey and the Khalifa (Caliph) after the war.
		The Khilafat Movement was the height of cooperation but from its ashes rose two distinct, mutually distrusting nationalisms that set a course to 1947.
		The local center is the region known as Jazirat-ul Arab or the “Island of Arabs”, the land of the Prophet.
	chapatimystery.com /archives/homistan/imagining_pakistan_ii_jauhar.html (2235 words)

	From Khilafat to Godhra - TRUTH IS GOD
		The Khilafat Non-Cooperation Movement was an unmitigated disaster.
		The Khilafat Movement, whose goal was to replace the British Raj with ‘Khilafat Raj’ failed to achieve its goal of “Swaraj within the year” promised by Gandhi.
		An immediate consequence of the Khilafat and the Moplah Rebellion was a belief among Muslim leaders that Hindu leaders would buckle under the threat of violence.
	sathyavaadi.tripod.com /truthisgod/papers/020505.htm (4193 words)

	REPORT of THE COURT OF INQUIRY - Foundations of Islamic State : Qur’an, Sunna ijma’, ijtihad
		A.—As far as I remember, the Khilafat movement finished with the abolition of the Khilafat by the Turks.
		Q.—You are reported to have been a member of the Khilafat movement and having made speeches.
		A.— The Britisher was injuring the Khilafat institution in Turkey and the Musalman was aggrieved by this attitude of the Britisher.
	www.thepersecution.org /archive/munir/p203.html (2394 words)

	Mahatma Gandhi Research & Media Service - Chronology 1920
		In London, public meeting was held on question of Khilafat with George Lansbury in the chair.
		Gandhiji, in letter to Viceroy, gve notice of non-co-operation with Government in protest against unjust peace terms presented to Turkey by Allies and forwarded Muslim representation on the subject to Viceroy.
		In Young India, replied to Montagu on the khilafat agitation.
	www.gandhiserve.org /information/chronology_1920/chronology_1920.html (2416 words)

	Khilafat Movement [1919-1924] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Lucknow pact showed that it was possible for middle-class, English-educated Muslims and Hindus to arrive at an amicable settlement on Hindu-Muslim constitutional and political problems.
		This unity reached its climax during the Khilafat and the Non-Cooperation Movements.
		As an institution, the Khilafat had a checkered past.
	www.storyofpakistan.com /articletext.asp?artid=A033 (304 words)

	The Origin of the Shia/Sunni Division: A study of the events leading to the division of Muslims into the Shia and Sunni ...
		Egyptians led by Ibn Saba and Ghafqi were the main group of insurgents behind the proposal for the Khilafat of Hadrat Ali (R.A.) Hadrat Ali first declined to bear the responsibility of this great office.
		However under the threats of insurgents they took the pledge of loyalty at Hadrat Ali’s hands, on the condition: "You (i.e.’ Ali) have to decide matters according to the Holy Qur'an and Sunnah (ways of the Holy Prophet) and would punish the guilty according to Islamic Law." Hadrat Ali (R.A.) agreed to their conditions.
		Though we cannot criticise the sincerity of their intention but in fairness to Ali, it has to be said that it was rather an impossible job for Ali (R.A.)to fulfil their demands immediately in that situation.
	www.al-islami.com /islam/shia_sunni_division_1.php (6490 words)

	Freedom Movement Of India - Khilafat ( 61)
		Unfortunately Congress, by acting in concert with the movement, strengthened the extra-national attitude and the Pan-Islamic agenda of the Muslims.
		Much to the national humiliation, the Indian Muslims sent representations to the religious leaders of Afghanistan and Arabia to accept the position of the Khalifa.
		So, the Khilafat Movement was an agitation doomed to failure from the very beginning.
	www.freeindia.org /freedom_movement/page61.htm (208 words)

	An oath with illusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In spite of the official claim, Khilafat it was not.
		Interestingly, Gandhi was also shouting for the restoration for the Khilafat from the platform of the movement.
		The Khilafat was dying with its own sons dismantling it and the Muslim subjects of the British India were sloganeering along with Gandhi whose only motive was to save cow — a god for Hindus.
	www.tolueislam.com /Bazm/Shahid/SM_003.htm (1293 words)

	Dancing with Dogs: Freedom Struggle - Khilafat Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Khilafat Movement, Muslim League and Mohammed Ali Jinna were probably at the root of the million-dead and millions displaced during the Partition of India into India and Pakistan.
		The Khilafat Movement intervened in that context in a way that decisively killed the politics of the Lucknow Pact.
		The intervention of the Khilafat Movement in Indian Muslim politics has had a considerable retrogressive ideological influence on the modern Indian Muslim mind that reverberates still in Muslim thinking and their politics in present day India and Pakistan.
	www.madhoo.com /archives/002721.php (2017 words)

	The Khilafah Homepage The System of Islam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It is quite extra-ordinary that in the voluminous literature on the Indian Khilafat Movement this 'basic religious premise' of the Movement, as stated by Azad and others, is taken for granted and has not been subjected to critical examination.
		The Khilafat slogan on this was sheer humbug when seen against the struggles of the Arab people for their own freedom.
		Because of the Khilafat Movement the Indian Muslim clergy was able secure a legitimate place for itself in the political arena and masquerade as men with a nationalist conscience.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1440671/posts (14644 words)

	Khilafat in the Ahmadiyya Movement: Brief Review
		He cannot be questioned or called to account by any human being or by the members of the Movement, and it is the prime duty of every member to obey the khalifa totally and absolutely, without question, no matter what he orders them to do.
		This is the system of khilafat which has prevailed among the Qadianis since then, and the highest goal and aspiration of their members is to please and obey the khalifa of the time.
		The Qadianis consider their 'khalifa' as the real and true Head of the whole of the Muslim Umma and regard it as the duty of every Muslim in the world to take the pledge (bai`at) of absolute obedience to their khalifa.
	www.muslim.org /qadis/khil1.htm (346 words)

	rediff.com: Arvind Lavakare on secular lessons from Sabarmati Ashram
		Gandhi decided to lead the Khilafat agitation himself even before the Congress called for the Non-cooperation Movement on the Khilafat issue in its emergency session in Calcutta in August 1920.
		Occupying the position of the "right hand and left hand" of Gandhi in his Khilafat agitation were two brothers: Maulana Mohammed Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali.
		Although the Khilafat Movement fizzled out in 1921 itself, propaganda was set afloat among Kerala's local Muslims -- the Moplahs -- that the British regime had ended and Khilafat had been reinstated.
	www.rediff.com /news/2002/apr/16arvind.htm (1015 words)

	[No title]
		Chotani, Mian Mohammad Haji Jan Mohammad (1873-1932) Bombay merchant, Khilafat leader Belonged to Halai Memon Community; b 10 Nov 1873; grew up in religious surroundings; was a prosperous Govt contractor and timber merchant of Bombay.
		Was mem of Cttee to formulate a scheme of reforms, 8th Session of All India Muslim League, Bombay, Dec 1915; presided over a mass meeting (15-20 thousand) of Bombay Muslims at Nagpada, 19 Mar 1919, which adopted resolutions on Khilafat issue and also authorized the establishment of a Khilafat Cttee.
		On his joining the Khilafat Movement was cold-shouldered by the Govt and was not given futher business contracts; was offered a baronetcy on condition of his severing all contacts with the Khilafat Movement but he refused.
	lafayette.150m.com /cho8651.html (316 words)

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