Khitan people - Factbites

Khitan people - Factbites
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Topic: Khitan people

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	China History Forum, online chinese history forum -> Liao Dynasty
		The Khitan people were sometimes subordinate to the Uighurs during the Tang Dynasty, but that ended when they (the Uighurs) moved to Xinjiang after A.D. It was then that they adopted writing from the Sogdian people (an Indo-European people) who used a form of the ancient Aramaic script.
		Nonetheless, the Khitan language is generally classified as "proto-Mongol." Despite this, a considerable amount of the vocabulary of the Khitan language comes from Turkic-Uighur sources.
		Despite the general mutual unintelligibility of the languages in question, their closeness, as well as their common condition of being steppe peoples in the face of a much larger sedentary population to the south, did promote a form of kinship amongst these peoples.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=779&st=0

	Khitan language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Khitan language is a now-extinct language once spoken by the Khitan people.
		The Jurchen (ancestors of the Manchu people) derived their large script in part from Khitan.
		There were two writing systems for the Khitan language, known as the large script and the small script; they were functionally independent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Khitan_script

	About China-History-Liao Dynasty
		For Khitan people, tribal system was adapted, in which they maintained their traditional rites and to a great extent retained their own style of cuisine and clothing.
		After the decline of the Tang, the Khitan tribe frequently attacked its neighbors, capturing people from other states which brought a rapid increase in its power.
		The Khitan dialect and the Han language were the main languages used by the Liao.
	www.toureasy.net /html/aboutchina/ChineseHistory/Liao.htm

	Mongol Scripts
		Uighur is a Turkic language still spoken in Central Asia which has used several different alphabets over the centuries all derived from alphabets of people they traded with towards the Middle East.
		The former is a logographic script based on Chinese characters, and the latter, developed by a Khitan scholar named Diela, is a syllabic script influenced in part by Uighur with characters for each syllable combined into word groups.
		So he mandated that people under his control use Cyrillic for their respective languages.
	www.viahistoria.com /SilverHorde/research/MongolScripts.html

	Khitan scripts
		The Khitan people, who dominated a large chunk of Manchuria between 916 and 1125 AD, used two different scripts- the "large script", which came into use in about 920 AD, the "small script", which was reputedly created in about 925 AD by the Khitan scholar Diela, who was inspired by the Uighur alphabet.
		Khitan, an extinct Altaic language which was once spoken in Manchuria.
		The two scripts were used in parallel and appear to have little in common in terms of the forms of the characters and the ways they were assembled into compound characters.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/khitan.htm

	Khitan
		Khitan also refers to the now-extinct language once spoken by the Khitan people.
		The Khitan, in Chinese Qidan (契&: qi4 dan1) or Zhendan (震旦 zhen4 dan1), were an ethnic group who dominated much of Manchuria and classified in Chinese history as one of the Eastern Hu ethnic groups (東胡族 dong1 hu2 zu2).
		The Khitan language is Altaic, however, and its agglutinizing nature is not particularly suited to purely monosyllabic logographs.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/k/kh/khitan.html (259 words)

	Bohai - One Language
		In the confusion of the Khitan rebellion against Tang in 696, the people of Goguryeo, led by Dae Joyeong, escaped eastward.
		It was conquered by the Khitan in 926.
		After destroyed Bohai in 926, the Khitan put the state of Dongdan, followed by the annexation by Liao in 936.
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Balhae (259 words)

	Ethnic Chinese: Daur People
		The Daur people are thought to be descendants of the Khitan, an ancient nomad tribe who lived in the lower reaches of the Heilong River and founded the Liao Dynasty (916-1125).
		On that that day, young people apply ash from the bottom of a pan to the faces of others and the faces of young wives and girls become black with ash.
		Favorite dishes of the Daur people are millet or buckwheat noodles mixed with milk, buckwheat cakes and oat porridge cooked with soybeans.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/nationality/daur (528 words)

	Jurchen script
		It was modelled on the Khitan script and contains a large number of characters from Chinese, many of which were modified or distorted.
		In Xinjiang in the west of China there are about 27,000 people known as Sibe, Xibo or Sibo who speak a language closely related to Manchu, though they consider themselves a separte ethnic group.
		The script is known from fragments of manuscripts and inscriptions on monuments of the Jurchen empire, from the Sino-Jurchen glossary and documents of the Ming Bureau of Translators and from Ming inscriptions dating from 1413.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/jurchen.htm (528 words)

	Turkish Language and the Native Americans
		In present times, it would be difficult for people who speak such languages to communicate with each other with the present form of their languages.
		However as the language develops in time, the vowels in a word may change into other vowels such as "a" into "e", "o", "u" while consonants of the words, in general, would tend to maintain their identity in the word through time.
		Similarly, a proto-Altaic language spoken by the members of an Altaic community who became separated from each other, in time by thousands of years and in space by thousands of kilometres, would definitely develop independently of each other in a way that when examined at present, they would appear alien to each other.
	salam.muslimsonline.com /~bicnews/Articles/turkic.htm (528 words)

	Manchu History Summary
		During the Jin dynasty, Jurchen official documents were transcribed using a modified form of the Khitan script.
		Nurhaci's successor, Abahai (1592–1643), changed the name of his people to Manchu in order to remove the historical memory that as Jurchens they had been under Chinese rule.
		Few native speakers of Manchu remain in China, although volumes of the written script are preserved as official documents of the Qing dynasty and are housed in the national archive in Beijing and provincial archives in the northeast.
	www.bookrags.com /history/worldhistory/manchu-ema-04 (432 words)

	Khitan: Encyclopedia topic
		Khitan language (Khitan language: khitan language is a now-extinct language once spoken by the khitan people....
		Kara-Khitai (Kara-Khitai: the kara-khitan khanate (1124 or 1125-1218) was established by yelü dashi...
		Ancestors of the Khitan were the Yuwen (Yuwen: the yuwen (simplified chinese character:, traditional chinese character:...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/khitan (464 words)

	Historia Calamitatum - Turn 2 NewsFax
		The grief of the people at Sokjong's death was very genuine - although seldom seen in the capital, he was nevertheless truly devoted to his people and their safety (why else would he exile himself to the northern wildernesses just to secure the support of a few Khitan tribes?).
		Young John very quickly took a wife from amongst the local Han - a very small handful of notables and grandees had been spared the depredations and butchery that the Liao visited on everyone else; in return, these people had thrown their lot in, however reluctantly, with the Khitan.
		It was widely believed that the marriage between a Khitan prince and a Han noblewoman indicated that the Liao intended to remain in China permanently perhaps even supplanting the native Sung dynasty entirely...
	www.lorne.plus.com /lords/lote42/archives/fax_t2.html (464 words)

	History Of The Balhae (Korea/China)
		It is unlikely that the Malgal people would change their own tribal name, or would they be willing to use such derogatory word as "Malgal." The term "Malgal" was coined based on the old Sino-centric and dynasty-centered historical perspective as a general term referring to ethnic minorities in the Northeastern borderland of the Tang Dynasty.
		It is utterly unreasonable to argue that the Malgals suddenly replaced all Goguryeo people in the old Goguryeo territory or their population suddenly increased to outnumber the indigenous Goguryeo people.
		Ancient Chinese records speculated that the Xi (or Kuzhen-xi) and the Khitan could be of same family.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/fr/1095016/posts (464 words)

	The Devilfinder Search Engine - Tangut writing - Finding Stuff Since 1979.
		Khitan language (extinct); Tangut language (extinct); Jurchen language (extinct)...
		Khitan language (extinct); Tangut language (extinct); Jurchen language...
		The Tangut people write from right to left like the Arabs,...
	www.devilfinder.com /find.php?q=Tangut+writing (464 words)

	Jin Dynasty (1115-1234): Ancient China Dynasties
		For a long period, Jin people were oppressed by the Khitan people.
		Chinese, Khitan and Jurchen script were used simultaneously, although later, the Khitan script was abolished so as to encourage the popular use of Chinese calligraphy.
		Initially, the Jin Dynasty established its capital city in Huining Prefecture (presently Baicheng, south of Acheng, Heilongjiang Province), and later moved to Yanjing (present day Beijing City).
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/jin_dynasty (464 words)

	China to 1126 CE
		The last three Tang emperors (from 873 to 907) were the puppets of eunuchs, and to the Chinese people it seemed that the Tang dynasty had lost the mandate of heaven.
		After being defeated repeatedly by the Khitan, the Song emperor, Zhenzong, in 1004, signed a treaty with the Khitan, ceding permanently to the Khitan that part of China which they occupied, including Beijing, and he agreed to pay the Khitan annual taxes (tribute).
		Emperor Gaozong suffered a stroke in his eleventh year of rule, became enfeebled and a mere figurehead.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h06chin.htm (2617 words)

	Articles - Liao Dynasty
		It was founded by the Yelü (耶律 Yēlǜ) family of the Khitan people in the final years of the Tang Dynasty, even though its first ruler, Yelü Abaoji, did not declare an era name until 916.
		In 936, Shi Jingtang, the new emperor of the Later Jin Dynasty in northern China proper, ceded 16 prefectures in the Youyun area (modern northern Hebei; Beijing) to the Khitans.
		The Liao Dynasty (Traditional Chinese:遼朝; Simplified Chinese:辽朝; pinyin: Liáo Cháo), 907-1125, also known as the Khitan Empire, was an empire in eastern Asia that ruled over Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Liao_Dynasty (560 words)

	Qarakhanid Definition / Qarakhanid Research
		The former was established by Turkic Qarluk-Uygur princes who converted to Islam and held TurkestanTurkestan (also spelled Turkistan or Türkistan) is a region in Central Asia, which today is largely inhabited by Turkic people.
		[click for more] Kara-Khitan Khanate The Kara-Khitan Khanate (1124 or 1125-1218) was established by Yelü Dashi (耶律大石) who led around 100,000 Khitan remnants after escaping Jurchen conquest of their native country, the Khitan dynasty....
		They established the Liao dynasty in 907, which was then conquered in 1125 by the Jin dynasty of the Jurchen.
	www.elresearch.com /Qarakhanid (560 words)

	Yeh-Lü Ta-Shih Biography / Biography of Yeh-Lü Ta-Shih 700 To 1449: Exploration and Discovery Biography
		A "barbarian" nation to the north of China, the Khitan had established a dynasty called the Liao, but in 1125 they were driven out by the rival Jurchen people.
		Khitan (northern Asian) king whose defeat of a Seljuk Turk leader in Persia probably served as the basis for the Prester John legend.
		story · ruler · dynasty · central asia · europeans · palestine · persia · xfc · mongol · crusaders · westward · 1111 · the historian · barbarian · khitan · prester john · kara · turk · turkish tribes · freising
	www.bookrags.com /biography-yeh-l-ta-shih-scit-021 (269 words)

	Liao Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, Mongols And Tibetans
		Emperor Taizong, en route of return from campaign against Korguryo, would call on Khitan chieftan Kuge and other elderly people for a meeting at Yingzhou, west of Liao River.
		Liao was meant for a dynasty in China, while Khitan was for their original northern dynastic title.) When weather got hot and Chinese under Posteriro Han Dynasty's Liu Zhiyuan rebelled against them, Yelü Deguang retreated to the north and died on route home at a place called Fox-killing Ridge.
		Khitan chieftain, Yelü Deguang, tried to establish himself as emperor of northern China and declared Liao Dynasty while he was occupying the capital of Posterior Jinn in AD 947.
	www.uglychinese.org /liao.htm (5824 words)

	The Marmot’s Hole » Koguryeo was part of China?
		After the fall of Barhae to the Khitan in 925, most of the Barhae people fleed to Goryo, which had derived its name from Goguryeo.
		Finally, the feeing of Barhae civilians to Goryo shows that the two kingdoms clearly thought Goguryeo as their predecessor, and remains as evidence that many people in Korea are descendants of Goguryeo people.
		This “unified multi-ethnic nation” school of thought, which is apparently receiving official backing from the Chinese government, appears to be more than simply an exercise in academics - some fear that the Chinese intend to use these arguments to press territorial disputes in the post-Korean unification era.
	blog.marmot.cc /archives/2003/11/24/koguryeo-was-part-of-china (5824 words)

	P.M.A.: Virtual Exhibits - Rise of the Black Dragon - Dragon Bytes - Cathay
		Qidan, Khitan, Khitai or Khitay are all variant spellings for the name of the people who founded the Liao and Western Liao (as Kara Khitay was also known) states.
		The Jurchen had immediate predecessors in the Khitan (or Qidan) of the Liao Dynasty (A.D. When the Liao Dynasty collapsed in 1124-25 under the Jurchen onslaught, this was not the end of a Khitan political identity.
		The Jin Dynasty came to rule the north half of China.
	www.pma.edmonton.ab.ca /vexhibit/dragon/cathay.htm (5824 words)

	Jin Dynasty (1115-1234): Ancient China Dynasties
		For a long period, Jin people were oppressed by the Khitan people.
		At its peak, the population numbered some 44.7 million people while the territory extended from the Outer Xing'an Mountain in the north, to the Huai River in the south and from the sea coast in the east, to Shaanxi in the west.
		The emperor of the Jin fled to Caizhou (Runan County in Henan Province).
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/jin_dynasty (5824 words)

	Name of China in various languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Today the term Han Chinese is used by the People's Republic of China to refer to the most populous of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups of China.
		It was during this period that people began to use the term "Han" to refer to the natives of North China, who (unlike the invaders) were the descendants of the subjects of the Han Dynasty.
		This group of names derives from Khitan, an ethnic group that originated in Manchuria and conquered Northern China.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/China_in_world_languages (5824 words)

	khwarezmia
		People's Republic of China Junk Keying Jurchens K Kaifeng Jews Kangnido map Kara-Khitan Khanate Khitan Khwarezmia Kingdom of Qi Kingdom of Wei Kwantung Leased Territory L Li (Chinese unit) Liang Dynasty Liao Dynasty...
		In the early 1200s the Seljuks lost control of Persia to another group of Turks from Khwarezmia, near the Aral Sea.
	khwarezmia.networklive.org (5824 words)

	Mongols
		Owing to internecine feuding, the Mongol tribe was decimated at the end of the 12th century; it was left to the genius of Temujin Genghis to restore the fortunes of his people, and unify his nation...
		A Mongol people living in central Asia, Nestorian Christians from 1008.
		Their ethnicity is somewhat obscure; the balance of the evidence suggests that they were Mongolic (related to Mongols, Naimans, Keraits, and Khitan), but it has also been postulated that they are more closely related to Paleo-Asians such as the Chukchi, or Tungusic (Manchu and Evenk).
	www.hostkingdom.net /mongols.html (5824 words)

	Ming1
		The Qidan (Khitan) and their Liao Dynasty are first mentioned as a people settling in what today is eastern Inner Mongolia in the records of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534 CE).
		They are regarded as belonging to the eastern branch of the Xianbei people, yet other records related them to the Xiongnu.
		Instead, the Xianbei seem to have migrated southward from northern Manchuria to the Yellow River.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~inaasim/Mingqing04/ming1.htm (635 words)

	EA01 Lecture notes 3
		Khitan leader led his people in revolt 696.
		Former Koguryo general led army of Koguryo and Malgal people out of China and settled near modern Kirin.
		Silla-Tang alliance tried to conquer Palhae in 733, but were defeated and gave up.
	www.hist.umn.edu /~nagata/3461lect3.html (635 words)

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