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Topic: Khmelnytsky Uprising

	Khmelnytsky Uprising - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Khmelnytsky Uprising (also Chmielnicki Uprising or Chmielnicki Rebellion) is the name of a civil war in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1648–1654.
		Although Khmelnytsky's personal resentment influenced his decision to rid Ukraine of Polish and Ruthenian magnates and Jews, it seems that his ambition to become the ruler of Ukraine was the main motive that led him to instigate an uprising of the Ruthenian people against them, known after him as the Khmelnytskyi Uprising.
		When hostilities resumed, however, Khmelnytsky's forces were betrayed by their former allies the Crimean Tatars, suffered a massive defeat in 1651 at the Battle of Beresteczko, and were forced at Bila Tserkva (Biała Cerkiew) to accept a loser's treaty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chmielnicki_Uprising (1039 words)

	Khmelnytsky, Bohdan
		In 1651 while Khmelnytsky was away on a military campaign, she was executed for conspiracy and adultery by his son Tymish.
		Khmelnytsky's uprising induced some changes in the political system of eastern Europe, and brought about certain changes in the socioeconomic structure of Cossack Ukraine.
		Pereiaslav, Khmelnytsky declared that he was ‘the sole Rus’ autocrat’ and that he had ‘enough power in Ukraine, Podilia, and Volhynia...
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/K/H/KhmelnytskyBohdan.htm (2089 words)

	XMEL.ORG - Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Chmielnicki)
		Despite appearances to the contrary, Khmelnytsky had no intention of accepting these humiliating conditions and, in April 1652, a secret meeting of the major Cossack leaders was held at his residence in Chyhyryn where it was decided to assemble new forces and to renew hostilities against the Poles.
		In the vie of the masses, the main thrust of the uprising was to redress socioeconomic ills, and to many in Ukraine the question of whether these problems were to be resolved under their own or under foreign rule was of secondary importance.
		Under the influence of Polish practice, Khmelnytsky expected the oath to be bilateral, with the Ukrainians swearing loyalty to the tsar and the latter promising to protect them from the Poles and to respect their rights and priviledges.
	www.xmel.org /bohdan.htm (4345 words)

	JewishGates.Com - The Definitive Source for Talmudic Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		During the uprising there were, in fact, rumors to the effect that he wished to reestablish the "old Rus' principality", and even that he planned to form a separate "Cossack principality".
		Under the influence of Polish practice, Khmelnytsky expected the oath to be bilateral, with the Ukrainians swearing loyalty to the tsar and the latter promising to protect them from the Poles and to respect their rights and privileges.
		Finally, Khmelnytsky and his colleagues, fearful of losing the Tzar's aid because of what appeared to be a mere formality, glumly agreed to take a unilateral oath of loyalty to the tsar.
	www.jewishgates.com /file.asp?File_ID=687 (4127 words)

	Who's your favourite historical figure? - Military Photos
		Khmelnytsky was probably born in Chyhyryn, in Ukraine; it is unclear whether to a family of Ruthenian nobility or to Polish nobility of Abdank Coat of Arms who had immigrated to Ukraine from Masovia.
		Although Khmelnytsky's personal resentment influenced his ultimate decision to rid Ukraine of Polish domination, it seems that his ambition to secure the Nobles' privileges and the Cossacks' independance, was the main motive that led him to instigate an uprising of the Ruthenian people against them, known after him as the Chmielnicki Uprising.
		After Khmelnytsky's forces were betrayed by their former allies, the Tatars, they suffered a massive defeat in 1651 at the Battle of Beresteczko, and were forced at Bila Tserkva to accept a loser's treaty.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=64002 (1291 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Muscovy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Morozov abused his position by exploiting the populace, and in 1648 Aleksey dismissed him in the wake of a popular uprising in Moscow.
		A major uprising occurred in the Volga region in 1670 and 1671.
		In 1648, the peasants of Ukraine joined the Cossacks in rebellion during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, because of the social and religious oppression they suffered under Polish rule.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Muscovy (3666 words)

	Cossack - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Cossack's strong historic allegiance to the Eastern Orthodox Christianity in the Commonwealth dominated by the Catholicism increased the tensions, especially when the Commonwealth policies turned from relative tolerance to suppression of the Orthodox church, which made the Cossacks strongly anti-Catholic which at the time was synonymous to anti-Polish.
		Finally, the King's adamant refusal to cede to the Cossack's demand to expand the Cossack Registry was the last straw that prompted the largest and most successful of these: the Khmelnytsky uprising that started in 1648.
		The uprising became one of a series of the catastrophic for the Commonwealth events known as The Deluge, which led to the disintegration of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Cossack (4251 words)

	History of Christianity in Ukraine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However in 1831, the general discontent of the Poles with the Russian rule erupted into a revolt, now known as the November Uprising, and the Uniate synod supported it.
		As a result following the successful suppression of the uprising by Russia, all of synod's clergy was removed, in addition most of the powers of Polish magnates were taken away.
		With the Polish influence in the land significantly reduced or eliminated, the uniate church began to crumble.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox (6157 words)

	Khmelnytskyi Uprising - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although Khmelnytsky's personal resentment influenced his decision to rid Ukraine of Polish and Ruthenian magnates and Jews, it seems that his ambition to become the ruler of Ukraine was the main motive that led him to instigate an uprising of the Ruthenian people against them, known after him as the Chmielnicki Uprising.
		When hostilities resumed, however, Khmelnytsky's forces were betrayed by their former allies the Tatars, suffered a massive defeat in 1651 at the Battle of Beresteczko, and were forced at Bila Tserkva (Biała Cerkiew) to accept a loser's treaty.
		The death tolls of the Chmielnicki uprising, as many others from the era of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, vary.
	chmielnickisuprising.quickseek.com (1015 words)

	List of Massacres Encyclopedia Articles @ KarrNet.com (Karr Net) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Jews, Polish nobles, and Uniates killed by a Cossack and peasant uprising under Bohdan Khmelnytsky.
		The Tuscarora tribe killed an unknown number of settlers along the Chowan and Roanoke Rivers in northeastern North Carolina as well as abandoning the settlement of New Bern beginning the Tuscarora War lasting from 1711-1713.
		German troops systematically slaughter most of civilians in the borough of Wola during the early stage of the Warsaw Uprising.
	www.karrnet.com /encyclopedia/List_of_massacres (4176 words)

	Cossack Era
		Bohdan Khmelnytsky was born around 1595 as the son of Mykhailo Khmelnytsky.
		This uprising also included the murder of Polish nobles and priests, and for this reason, many people view Bohdan Khmelnytsky as a monster rather than a great Ukrainian leader.
		Signed after the Khmelnytsky rebellion, the treaty was meant to form an oath to Russia that would guarantee protection of the Cossack state from the Polish and also guarantee more privileges and rights for the Cossacks.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/m/r/mrm5011/ukr100/cossackera.html (663 words)

	DIALOGUE AND DEBATE/185
		Within a generation of his death all the gains of his famous uprising that began in 1648 had been dissipated.
		The death of Bohdan Khmelnytsky in 1657 signaled the beginning of the period known in Ukrainian history as The Ruin.
		The unification brought by Khmelnytsky's uprising began as one of great hope for the Cossack society of the time.
	www.ukraine-observer.com /articles/185/128 (1204 words)

	Polish Arts Club of Buffalo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		On the way, he learns of Khmelnytsky's plans for an uprising and sends his orderly, the clever Rzedzian, to Rozlogów with a letter for the elder Kurcewicz asking that she and her whole family take refuge in Lubinów.
		He is ransomed from the hands of Tuhaj-bej, the head of the Tartars who have come to assist the Cossacks, by Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the very leader of the uprising, who recognizes Jan as his recent rescuer.
		It turns out that Rzedzian, and the letter he was carrying, had fallen into the hands of Bohun, who learning from the letter that the elder Kurcewicz had broken her promise to him, set out for Rozlogów, taking terrible vengeance in which the elder Kurcewicz and her sons perish.
	pacb.bfn.org /calendar/ogniem2.html (954 words)

	Anti-Semitism - Modern Anti-Semitism - Jewish Reference: People, Places, and All Things Jewish
		In the related 1648-55 pogroms led by the Ukrainian Haidamaks uprising against Polish nobility (szlachta), during which approximately 100,000 Jews were slaughtered, Polish and Ruthenian peasants often participated in killing Jews (The Jews in Poland, Ken Spiro, 2001).
		The besieged szlachta, who were also decimated in the territories where the uprising happened, typically abandoned the loyal peasantry, townsfolk, and the Jews renting their land, in violation of "rental" contracts.
		The uprising of the peasants in the Ukraine has been ascribed by most historians to their oppression by Jewish leaseholders, as well as to the privileges granted to the latter by the kings and nobles of Poland.
	www.jewishreference.com /antisemitism-modern.html (3603 words)

	Pakistan encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Pakistan politics and officials, Pakistan History. Travel to ...
		This alliance was short-lived, however, and after the death of the great Ukrainian Cossack leader, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, his successor, Ivan Vyhovsky, initiated a turn towards Poland.
		The Host was formally recognized as a third consituent part of the Commonwealth (together with Poland and Lithuania) in the Treaty of Hadiach ratified by the Polish Sejm or parliament in 1659.
		Cossacks fought for their independence from Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which attempted to turn them into serfs, and later began several uprisings against the Russian Tsar, in fear of their independence.
	www.pakistaneworld.com /wiki-Zaporozhian_Cossacks (1161 words)

	News from HTP
		He goes on to examine the causes and outbreak of the Khmelnytsky Uprising, the personality of the Hetman, and the uprising’s early phase and climactic years of 1648—49, when it represented the interests of the Cossack and peasant masses.
		It covers the history of the Khmelnytsky Uprising from 1650 to 1653, a crucial period for the forging of international military alliances and Ukrainian state- and nation-building.
		Iurii Mytsyk of the Kyiv Mohyla Academy and the Institute of Ukrainian Archeography in Kyiv whose task is to publish unique sources on the history of Khmelnytsky Uprising collected by Dr. Sysyn during research in Polish archives.
	www.ualberta.ca /CIUS/jacykcentre/HTP-News.htm (3845 words)

	Bohdan Khmelnytsky - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Main article: Chmielnicki Uprising ", oil on canvas by Jan Matejko, 1885, National Museum in Warsaw.
		Sholem Asch wrote about Kmelnytsky's cossack war in his book which describes the massacres of the Jews in horrific detail.
		Khmelnytsky, Bohdan Chmielnicki, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Bohdan
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=4980 (800 words)

	Chernihiv - Wikipedia Light! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The area fell under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1353.
		The area's importance increased again in the middle of the seventeenth century during and after the Khmelnytsky Uprising.
		In the Hetman State Chernihiv was the city of deployment of Chernihiv Cossack regiment (both a military and territorial unit of the time).
	godseye.com /wiki/index.php?title=Chernigov (921 words)

	CIUS Press: History of Ukraine-Rus', Volume 8 by Mykhailo Hrushevsky
		volume 8: The Cossack Age, 1626–1650 deals with the period when the Cossacks' emergence as a political power and the Khmelnytsky Uprising made Ukraine a focal point in European and Near Eastern affairs.
		Based on an exhaustive examination of the sources and scholarly literature, Hrushevsky's volume 8 stands as the most comprehensive account of this dramatic period in Ukrainian history.
		See Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Cossacks, Hetman State, Zaporozhian Host, Cossack-Polish War (1648–57) and Treaty of Bila Tserkva in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine.
	www.utoronto.ca /cius/publications/books/hrushevskyv8.htm (775 words)

	aaus-list @ ukrainianstudies.org -- [aaus-list] Hrushevsky's History of Rus'-Ukraine, vol. 8
		He goes on to examine the causes and outbreak of the Khmelnytsky Uprising, the personality of Hetman Khmelnytsky, and the uprising's early phase and climactic years of 1648-49, when it represented the interests of the Cossack and peasant masses.
		He concludes the volume with a discussion of the failure of the Zboriv Agreement and the Cossacks' decision to break completely with the Commonwealth.
		The English edition includes a new compilation of all sources and publications used by Hrushevsky, a comprehensive index, and 4 maps, including a fold-out map indicating the territory and course of the Khmelnytsky Uprising.
	www.ukrainianstudies.org /aaus-list/0209/msg00053.html (654 words)

	[No title]
		During the Cossack Era, and after the Treaty of Pereyaslav, Russians referred to Ukraine as “Little Russia.” Bohdan Khmelnytsky Bohdan Khmelnytsky was a famous Ukrainian figure during the Cossack Era.
		Khmelnytsky was born in Ukraine and educated early in his life at the Jesuit college in Lviv.
		The treaty was Khmelnytsky’s last significant achievement due to his death three years later in 1657.
	www.personal.psu.edu /dao5000/Cossack.doc (1653 words)

	BOOK NOTES: Volume 8 of Hrushevsky's "History of Ukraine-Rus' "published in English translation (11/10/02)
		He goes on to examine the causes and outbreak of the Khmelnytsky Uprising, the personality of Hetman Khmelnytsky, and the uprising's early phase and climactic years of 1648-1649, when it represented the interests of the Kozak and peasant masses.
		He concludes the volume with a discussion of the failure of the Zboriv Agreement and the Kozaks' decision to break completely with the Commonwealth.
		The English edition includes a new compilation of all sources and publications used by Hrushevsky, a comprehensive index, and four maps, including a fold-out map indicating the territory and course of the Khmelnytsky uprising.
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/2002/450226.shtml (640 words)

	History of Ukraine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ruthenian peasants (Ukrainians and some from other nations) who fled efforts to force them into serfdom came to be known as Cossacks and earned a reputation for their fierce martial spirit.
		The 1648 Ukrainian Cossack (Kozak) rebellion and war of independence (Khmelnytsky Uprising), which started an era known as the Ruin (in Polish history as The Deluge), undermined the foundations and stability of the Commonwealth.
		The nascent Cossack state, the Zaporozhian Host, usually viewed as precursor of Ukraine, found itself in a three-sided military and diplomatic rivalry with the Ottoman Turks, who controlled the Tatars to the south, the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania, and the rising Muscovite Russia to the East.
	www.myproxy.ca /nph-index.cgi/111110A/687474703a2f2f656e2e77696b6970656469612e6f72672f77696b692f486973746f72795f6f665f556b7261696e65 (4047 words)

	books about: rus (metropolitanate scandinavians comprehensive) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		No period in Bohdan Khmelnytsky's hetmancy was as rich in international and dynastic plans as the years 1650 to 1653.
		After the Zboriv Agreement of 1649, when the hetman resolved to find a way to break forever with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he set out to create the military and political conditions to achieve his goal.
		The History of Ukraine-Rus', volume 8: The Cossack Age, 1626–1650 deals with the period when the Cossacks' emergence as a political power and the Khmelnytsky Uprising made Ukraine a focal point in European and Near Eastern affairs.
	www.very-clever.com /books/rus (855 words)

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