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Topic: Khoe language

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	Nama language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The distribution of the Nama language in Namibia.
		It belongs to the Khoe language family, and is spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa by the Namaqua, Damara, and Haiǁom, as well as smaller ethnic groups such as the ǂKhomani.
		Nama is in the Khoe family, which is part of a hypothetical Khoisan phylum.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nama_language (1000 words)

	Khoisan
		The Khoisan language family is the smallest of the languages families of Africa.
		The language is used at all levels of education and in the media.
		Many of the Khoisan languages have five vowels /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, /u/ which can be produced with additional features, such as nasalization, pharyngealization, and different voice qualities such as breathy and creaky voice, sometimes resulting in up to 40 different vowels.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/september/khoisan.html (990 words)

	Botswana History Page 8: Language
		English is the official language, spoken by a majority of the population.
		Among home languages Yeyi is the main language of the north-west, Subiya of the far north, Kalanga of the north-east, Birwa/Tswapong of the far east- central, and Tswana of central and south-eastern Botswana.
		The official language is English, used for all government correspondence and as the medium of instruction from post-elementary primary education upwards.
	www.thuto.org /ubh/bw/bhp8.htm (397 words)

	Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology - BW Botsuana, Botswana, Botswana - Sprache, Langue, Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		ethnologue - Dobe Kung - Language of BW (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ktz
		ethnologue - Kung - Language of BW (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ktz
		ethnologue - Northern Ndebele - Language of BW (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=nde
	www.etymologie.info /~e/b_/bw-sprach.html (2905 words)

	safm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was in the rural areas that language influence was initially most prevalent and hence naturally words relating to rural artifacts and a rural way of life were adopted and in most cases adapted to the language system of the borrower.
		Fanakalo emerged as a language to facilitate communication on the mines where a large concentration of speakers of different languages, a substantial percentage being from other countries, came together and needed to communicate not only with each other but also with the authorities and management structures.
		Those who switch from one language to another in a conversation should have a shared knowledge of use of the languages being switched in order to make sense of what they are attempting to say and to achieve the goals which prompted them to switch codes in the first place.
	www.safm.co.za /columns/index.jsp?columnarticleid=893 (2920 words)

	safm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Language, culture and our complex history are inextricably intertwined and each in their own way exerts an influence on the development and use of our languages.
		General consensus however is that the main point of dispersal of the Bantu language family was from north of the west African rain forests in the area of the Central Benue Valley and Nigeria.
		It was acknowledged then that Khoe was a prestigious, court language (cf in Xhosa ukukhumsha is ‘to translate’, or ‘to speak in a foreign language’ which is derived from the Khoe kum ‘to speak’).
	www.safm.co.za /columns/index.jsp?columnarticleid=882 (3270 words)

	Where Have All The Hottentots Gone? The Archaeology And History Of The Khoekhoen
		In 1713 a smallpox epidemic massively affected the Khoe at a time when the herds were taking strain from drought conditions and stock diseases.
		There were other instances of Khoe resistance to colonial repression in the 18th and 19th centuries, and attempts to maintain their cultural separation from the colony, but ultimately these also proved ineffectual.
		Khoe descendants were unwilling to admit their lineage, as Khoekhoen were considered 'primitive' or 'uncivilised'.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2002/august/khoi.htm (1284 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		By far the largest and best studied Khoe language is Nama which is spoken in Namibia — most of the other languages have only between 400 and 10,000 speakers respectively, some of which are endangered.
		Separated regarding phonology and morpology, the 18 languages which are dealt with are basically first described and are afterwards historically compared.
		The Khoe languages include on the one hand a language like Nama, which has been target of more than a century of intensive research.
	www.koeppe.de /katalogE/3-927620-59-9.html (265 words)

	South Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Nine of the 11 official languages are African, reflecting a variety of tribal groups, which nevertheless have a great deal in common in terms of background, culture and descent.
		The Khoe, who were called Hottentots by the Europeans, were pastoralists and were effectively annihilated; the San, called Bushmen by the Europeans, were hunter-gatherers.
		An African language channel was introduced to the SABC in 1981, and finally the SABC's monopoly was challenged in 1986 when a new television network, M-Net, was launched.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/south-africa.html (2869 words)

	Botswana History Page 1: Brief History of Botswana
		Khoesan (Khoe and San) languages, have lived in Botswana for many thousands of years.
		Some Khoe pastoralists migrated with their livestock through central Namibia as far south as they could, to the Cape of Good Hope, by about 70BC.
		Both farming of grain crops and the speaking of Bantu languages were carried southwards from north of the Equator over the course of millennia.
	ubh.tripod.com /bw/bhp1.htm (3631 words)

	Snapshot, Africa: South Africa
		These non-official languages may be used in certain official uses in limited areas where it has been determined that these languages are prevalent.
		They have been marginalized to a great extent, and many of their languages are in danger of becoming extinct.
		While each language is technically equal to every other, English has emerged recently as the chief-among-peers as it is the most widely spoken language across racial barriers, even though it is not the most widely spoken language by population.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /Africaweb/snapshot/Snapshot-Africa40.htm (576 words)

	Dictionaries for all 11 languages - SouthAfrica.info
		According to PanSALB's Angie Netshiheni, Khoe speakers insisted, during research conducted in 2001-2002, that the word be spelt "Khoe" and not "Khoi" as was previously the case.
		One of the world's most endangered languages, Nu was recorded from one of the last surviving Nu speakers in the Northern Cape.
		Marivate said the related Khoe and San languages of !Xam and Koranna still needed to be recorded.
	www.southafrica.info /ess_info/sa_glance/media/dictionaries080605.htm (353 words)

	Botswana // Africa's finest. Naturally.
		The country is named after its dominant ethnic group, the Tswana or Batswana ('Bechuana' in older variant orthography), and the national language is called Setswana (aka 'Sechuana').
		As early as 200 BC people there were making a kind of pottery known as Bambatha ware, which archaeologists think was Khoe pottery influenced by (western) Iron Age styles.
		Khoe language was being spoken by pastoralists in the area, on the Boteti River, as late as the 19th century, within recent living memory.
	www.botswanatourism.org.uk /about.php?id=2 (3405 words)

	List of San Organisations
		In the late 1980s and into the 1990s work on the Ju/'hoan language was carried out by Patrick Dickens in conjunction with people from the Nyae Nyae (Eastern Otjozondjupa) region of Namibia.
		The orthography that was developed for the Ju/'hoan language was accepted in October, 1991 by the Namibian Ministry of Education and Culture as the official orthography for the language of the Ju/'hoansi people.
		The Ju/'hoan and other San languages are characterized by these clicks, which are produced by drawing the tongue sharply away from points on the roof of the mouth.
	www.san.org.za /san/03_orth/orthog.htm (613 words)

	BeyondUnreal Forums - Err can someone tell me what language is that ?
		At first I thought the code was just several different languages mixed into one, but a lot of the English words are misspelled.
		Xitsonga is spoken in Southern Mozambique, the Northern Province of the Republic of South Africa and South Eastern Zimbabwe.
		The languages that surely aren't used in that article are marked italic.
	forums.beyondunreal.com /printthread.php?t=110183 (1194 words)

	Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology - NA Namibia - Sprache, Langue, Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		ethnologue - !Hu - Language of NA (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=knw
		ethnologue - Afrikaans - Language of NA (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=afr
		ethnologue - Khoe - Language of NA (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=xuu
	www.etymologie.info /~e/n_/na-sprach.html (2025 words)

	It's no tower of Babel, it's South Africa \| Tactical Technology Collective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		KDE, the desktop environment, has been done in four languages but fell behind because of a "changed idea of what should be done".
		Finding people who are excited about their language, or care passionately for them, make for the best chances of success.
		Since we are dealing with 11 languages, the situation in India (with its multiplicity of languages) is the closest thing to the work we have to do." But one shortcoming he sees with his own project is getting out the results adequately to potential users.
	www.tacticaltech.org /node/237 (868 words)

	South Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		These Ndebele people are however in effect Zulu people because the language they speak is Zulu and they are the descendents of the Warrior Mzilikazi who escaped persecution from Shaka to settle in that part of the World.
		The white population is on the decrease due to a low birth rate and emigration; as a factor in their decision to emigrate, many cite the high crime rate and the government's affirmative action policies.
		An African language channel was introduced to the SABC in 1981 with a second African language channel added later in the decade.
	www.educhy.com /index.php/South_Africa (6058 words)

	South African Languages \| Khoesan Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There are two extinct South African languages from the same family and subgroup, these being Xirigowap and !Goragowap, known in English as Griqua and Korana respectively.
		There are no communities who speak these extinct languages.Khoekhoegowap is an ancient language, related to others from its family, such as Naro to the east and Khwedam to the north.
		All varieties of this language were spoken in the southern Kalahari before the speakers were displaced in the 1930s, whereupon most moved to urban townships.
	www.cyberserv.co.za /users/~jako/lang/khoesan.htm (562 words)

	Journal for Language Teaching - Vol. 37, No. 1 (2003) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Reference is made to Fishman's (1991, 2001) steps with regard to reversing language shift, (a synonym for language revitalization?) and some of the chapters in the book are assigned to ‘illustrate' his steps, but no clear outline of the structure and argument of the Green Book is given.
		But the overall impression of the book is that endangered languages are studied and documented as cultural curiosities, and the use of indigenous languages are encouraged in various ways as a means of self-empowerment, as a way of perpetuating cultural hegemony.
		Hinton and Hale show that between the birth and the death of a language plenty of living and dreaming can be done.
	www.ajol.info /viewarticle.php?id=1445&jid=37&layout=abstract (683 words)

	The Mbarakwengo Bushmen of Namibia and Botswana -- A Cultural Profile
		The Ethnologue name for their language is Khoe.
		The language of the Mbarakwengo is called Xun in some lingusitic sources.
		It is a Khoisan language in the Tshu-Khwe branch.
	endor.hsutx.edu /~obiwan/profiles/mbarakwengo.html (2480 words)

	AARS Programs -Project SUC KHOE MOI ("New Health")
		Project Suc Khoe Moi is a comprehensive outpatient treatment program, targeting adult CalWORKs participants who are predominately Asian/Pacific Islander females with children.
		Project Suc Khoe Moi is based on the Cognitive Behavioral Therapies model which has been shown to be effective in treating A/PI American clients.
		The program incorporates lifestyle activities (such as meditation, Acupuncture, martial arts, and massage), spiritual practices, recreational activities (such as walking, weights, and Tai Chi), in an informal environment that emphasizes and sense of collective well being and harm reduction as a tool of engagement, with the goal of abstinence.
	www.aars-inc.org /programs/skm.html (163 words)

	!Ora: UNESCO-CI
		!Ora is the language of the !Korana or !Kora ethnic group.
		!Ora language continued to be spoken by the kei!Korana, or Great Korana (also Taaibosh) tribe.
		The majority of the people even lost their own language.
	portal.unesco.org /ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=10561&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (252 words)

	Sam’s View » Can one be “singlingual” as opposed to bilingual?
		Many confuse it as a language spoken mostly by the fl people at home or as the first language of most South Africans.
		Afrikaans is the first language of approximately 60% of South Africa’s whites, and over 90% of the “Coloured” (mixed-race) population.
		Just to put these numbers in context, the total South African population according to a 2001 census is 44.8 million (this is clearly outdated, as the past four years have seen an increase in birth rate, numerous HIV and AIDS-related deaths and a significant percentage of professionals emigrating).
	www.footloosemoose.com /sam_wp/?p=15 (797 words)

	International Cell Phones, South Africa Cell Phone Rentals - World Cellular Rentals
		They have been marginalised to a great extent, and many of their languages are in danger of becoming extinct.
		Many white South Africans also speak other European languages, such as Portuguese, German, and Greek, while many Asians and Indians in South Africa speak languages such as Gujarati and Tamil.
		While each language is technically equal to every other, English has emerged recently as the chief-among-peers as it is the most widely spoken language across racial barriers as well as globally, even though it is not the most widely spoken language by population.
	www.worldcr.com /south_africa_languages.htm (348 words)

	Mr. William Ralph Joey Langeveldt - UNPFII - Foro Permanente para las Cuestiones Indígenas de la ONU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Our objects are food security, Khoekhoegowab language development, developing a digital indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) database and restoring Khoe-San African collective leadership and authority structures.
		Member of the Northwest Provincial Language Committee (NWPLC) Nominated by the Barendse Griqua House as representative of the Khoe and San languages in the Northwest Province.
		Long term objectives are to have Khoekhoegowab recognized as one of South Africa's official languages with all the benefits it brings to Khoe San African communities.
	www.un.org /esa/socdev/unpfii/es/member_langeveldt.html (953 words)

	Descriptions of Khoesan Languages
		Khoesan (Khoisan) is a term used to describe any of 5 distinct families of languages spoken in Southern and Eastern Africa.
		Note: data on Kalahari Khoe lects is very spotty and some of the names and subgroupings are likely to be incorrect at this point.
		The socio-linguistic survey of the Eastern Khoe in the Boteti and Makgadikgadi Pans areas of Botswana.
	ling.cornell.edu /khoisan/languages.htm (356 words)

	Western Cape Launched Language Policy
		The Premier of the Western Cape, Ibrahim Rasool and the MEC forCultural Affairs, Sport and REcreation, Chris Stali launched the WesternCape Language Policy last night, giving official recognition to allthree languages of the province, English, Isixhosa and Afrikaans at afunction attended by provincial MEC's, representatives from otherprovincial governments, academics and lauage practitioners at the V&AWaterfront.
		The Western Cape Language Policy, the first for SouthAfrica,effectively ensures equal status and use of the three languagesas well as making provision for the development and promotion of othernational official languages, the Sing language and Khoe and Sanlanguages.
		This policy means we are now restoringthe dignity of the people whose languages were previously marginalized.We are saying that even illiterate people have a right to be served intheir mother tongues and government must take practical steps toimplement this policy.
	www.capegateway.gov.za /xho/pubs/news/2005/feb/99742 (336 words)

	South Africa - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		They have been marginalized to a great extent, and many of these languages risk becoming extinct.
		Many white South Africans also speak other European languages, such as Portuguese, German, and Greek, while many Asians and Indians inSouth Africa speak languages such as Gujerati and Telugu.
		Many economists feel that the country is entering a period of strong growth and may achieve sustained annual growth of 5 percent or more.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=68854 (4365 words)

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