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Topic: Khoikhoi

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Khoi

San people

Khoisan

Hottentot fig

Khoikhoi mythology

Steatopygia

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Bushmen

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History of Cape Colony

Genootskap vir Regte Afrikaanders

Xhosa

	Khoikhoi Khoisan history and cultural heritage, West Coast South Africa/Weskus
		The history of the Khoikhoi and the SonQua after 1652 is well documented and it would be impossible to summarise it in this short review, except to mention the 1713 small-pox epidemic, which was one of the main causes for the virtual disappearance of the Khoikhoi from the south-western Cape.
		The Khoikhoi, on the other hand, were nomadic herders who owned vast herds of cattle and sheep and lived in large groups based on an exogamous clan system.
		The Khoikhoi as well as the SonQua were strongly protective of their women and children, which explains why the resisted all attempts made by 'strangers' to accompany them to their homes.
	www.sawestcoast.com /history.html (1686 words)

	KHOIKHOI,
		The majority of the remaining Khoikhoi now live in the southern part of Namibia, and the term has been extended to include the culturally mixed descendants of the original Khoikhoi, who are now scattered throughout the southwestern part of South Africa.
		Khoikhoi average about 1.5 m (about 5 ft) in height; the women are characterized by greatly developed buttocks, a condition known as steatopygia.
		Although the Khoikhoi have no priestly class and no temples or places of united worship, they have medicine men, witch doctors, and sorcerers who are called on to heal the sick by magic.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..kh028900.a#FWNE.fw..kh028900.a (571 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Khoikhoi mythology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Khoikhoi[?] (Hottentots) are an ethnic group from southern Africa.
		The supreme god of the Khoikhoi is called Gamab[?], a god of the sky and fate.
		One of the most famous heroes of the Khoikhoi was Heitsi-eibib[?] (also simply Heitsi[?], who was the offspring of a cow and the magical grass which the cow ate.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/kh/Khoikhoi_mythology (279 words)

	2. South of the Limpopo. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		In this period in modern South Africa and Botswana, the Khoikhoi peoples became pastoralists and metal forgers and spreadover an extensive area of relatively arid southern Africa, from northern Botswana to the Cape; they were also significant in Natal and Transkei.
		The language group was heavily influenced by Khoikhoi, especially in the southwest, and the population groups were also significantly mixed.
		Khoikhoi were gradually absorbed into the Bantu-speaking populations in Natal and Transkei.
	www.bartleby.com /67/365.html (310 words)

	A F R I C A N T R E K S (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Khoikhoi were nomadic and felt they should have free access to all the land in the area to graze their cattle, as had been the case up to that point, while the Dutch farmers had been given land as part of the policy of freehold ownership where they farmed and lived.
		The Khoikhoi saw the Dutch as competition for available grazing and as invaders who were curbing their freedom of movement while the Europeans regarded the Khoikhoi to be inferior and a ready labour pool.
		Khoikhoi attitudes towards the Dutch were friendly, initially as they saw the Europeans as a ready source for trade and bartered with them on a regular basis.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/specialprojects/african-treks/khoikhoi.htm (1034 words)

	South Africa - Robben Island - When white men first arrived 1488-1699
		Mostly people of the Khoikhoi tribe, often hostile by the trickery of losing their cows and land for barely nothing in return.
		Khoikhoi herders and San hunters had been living in Southern Africa for thousands of years, when the explorers arrived from Europe.
		Trade or barter with the Khoikhoi allowed items like beads, tobacco and metals to be exchanged for their cattle and sheep, etc. Ships on their way to the East Indies could stock up with fresh meat and produce.
	www.freedom.co.za /history1.html (588 words)

	Khoikhoi (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Khoikhoi, a nomadic people, who inhabited what is now southern and western South Africa, when this region was colonized by European settlers in the 17th century.
		In their own language, Khoikhoi means "men of men." The majority of the remaining Khoikhoi now live in the southern part of Namibia, and the term has been extended to include the culturally mixed descendants of the original Khoikhoi, who are now scattered throughout the southwestern part of South Africa.
		During every visit to a cemetery the Khoikhoi add to a pile of memorial stones, a practice that has enabled anthropologists to trace with some accuracy the course of their nomadic wanderings and large-scale migrations.
	autocww.colorado.edu /~blackmon/E64ContentFiles/AfricanHistory/Khoikhoi.html (486 words)

	Historical background to Peninsular Khoikhoi. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Peninsular Khoikhoi consisted of various groups of cattle-keepers and hunter-gatherers who were united by their common claim to pastures, such as the rich Constantia Valley, but who were often in conflict over the plundering of cattle by marauding bands.
		Trade with the Company depleted their herds and this was aggravated by farmers employing the Khoikhoi as herders for their cattle, which drew them away from their own simple economy and weakened it.
		Thus, the powerful bands of indigenous Khoikhoi were divided and scattered, as the vineyards and orchards of Constantia were extended across the Valley.
	www.constantiavalley.com /khoi.htm (393 words)

	Khoikhoi
		The Khoikhoi ("people people" or "real people") or Khoi were a division of the Khoisan ethnic group of south-western Africa, closely related to the Bushmen (San in the Khoi language).
		Khoikhoi social organisation was profoundly damaged and, in the end, destroyed by white colonial expansion and land seizure from the late seventeenth century onwards, which ended traditional Khoikhoi pastoral life.
		As social structures broke down, some Khoikhoi people settled on farms and became bondsmen or farmworkers; others were incorporated into existing clan and family groups of the Xhosa people.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/kh/Khoikhoi.htm (299 words)

	Khoikhoi - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Khoikhoi, a nomadic people, who inhabited what is now southern and western South Africa, when this region was colonized by European settlers in the...
		By the 1660s pressure on the Khoikhoi and the San increased as more of their land was taken by European farmers.
		By around ad 1000 the Khoikhoi and San people occupied the western region of what is now South Africa.
	encarta.msn.com /Khoikhoi.html (141 words)

	Hunter Gatherers in South Africa
		Since the Khoikhoi were originally hunters, their physical stature (they would have been short) would probably have been identical to that of the other hunters (San).
		Khoikhoi wealth was dependent upon the private ownership of cattle.
		The creation of a colony soon began to restrict Khoikhoi access to grazing and water and it created a group of free men who were able to vent their anger against the Khoikhoi.
	www.knowledge4africa.co.za /worldhistory/khoisan00.htm (1113 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Khoikhoi, a nomadic people, who inhabited what is now southern and western South Africa, when this region was colonized by European settlers in the 17th century.
		In their own language, Khoikhoi means “men of men.” The majority of the remaining Khoikhoi now live in the southern part of Namibia, and the term has been extended to include the culturally mixed descendants of the original Khoikhoi, who are now scattered throughout the southwestern part of South Africa.
		Although the Khoikhoi have no priestly class and no temples or places of united worship, they have healers and sorcerers who are called on to heal the sick by magic.
	www.tcnj.edu /~dallava3/Khoisan.htm (493 words)

	2 VOC period
		Local Khoikhoi quickly came to resent this encroachment; one response was to drive their cattle into the fields of the colony.
		Khoikhoi political structures were weak and political authority was limited; the Khoikhoi were not able to combine effectively or for prolonged periods.
		In this way the Khoikhoi were driven out, or once dispossessed of their cattle, reduced to becoming labour for the trekboers; if they submitted, they would be allowed to keep some cattle, in return for providing labour services.
	husky1.stmarys.ca /~wmills/course322/2VOC_period.html (6544 words)

	the Living Africa: the people - ethnic groups - Khoikhoi
		The Khoikhoi are a short ethnic group with dark skin, its members average around 5 feet in height (1.5m).
		A small number of the Khoikhoi continue to live a nomadic life, but pastoralism is now the chief way of life instead of hunting.
		The Khoikhoi are known for their extensive collection of folktales, some of which are similar to the folklore of the Bantu.
	library.thinkquest.org /16645/the_people/ethnic_khoi.shtml (275 words)

	Hottentots
		The Khoikhoi drank the milk of the cattle, but rarely used them for meat, unless it was a special occasion or the animal was sick or diseased.
		The Khoikhoi viewed the Dutch at times in hostile terms, when they attempted to move on to their land, but there is also records of a group of Dutch who were stranded and taken in with the utmost hospitality by this group.
		The Khoikhoi, or Hottentots are mentioned in the literature of 18th Century writers such as Tobias Smollet and Samuel Johnson as a basis of comparison.
	courses.wcupa.edu /wanko/LIT400/Africa/hottentotinfo.htm (2347 words)

	RSA-Overseas - The Expat Portal: The People of RSA
		The Khoikhoi: Initially the Khoikhoi peoples were dispersed along the Orange River and the coastal plain in the south and south-west.
		Although the Khoikhoi were never enslaved, they suffered considerable exploitation as a source of cheap labour.
		There are no "pure" Khoikhoi left today, only distant relatives in the form of the Gqunukwebe, the Cape Nguni and the Nama.
	www.rsa-overseas.com /tutorial/people.htm (1245 words)

	South Africa The Arrival of Bantu-Speaking Africans - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, ...
		Although Europeans often considered San and Khoikhoi distinct races culturally and physically, scholars now think they are essentially the same people, distinguished only by their occupations.
		Such movement contributed to the fissiparous nature of Khoikhoi society, in which groups of people, usually in patrilineally related clans, periodically broke away and formed their own communities.
		Compared with the smaller-scale communities of San and Khoikhoi, the Bantu-speaking societies were marked by greater degrees of stratification: of old over young, men over women, rich over poor, and chiefs over commoners.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/south_africa/south_africa_history_the_arrival_of_bantu_speaking_africans.html (1639 words)

	South Africa - HISTORY
		Most Khoikhoi chose not to labor for the Dutch because of low wages and harsh conditions; and, although ready initially to trade with the Dutch, they became increasingly unwilling to sell their farm products at the prices offered by the VOC.
		Trekboers raided the herds of the Khoikhoi and seized control of the springs on which pastoralists and hunter-gatherers alike depended for water, while Khoikhoi and San counterraided the herds of the Trekboers.
		They did not believe that Khoikhoi and San should be treated equally with Europeans in the courts, and they established harsh labor regimes on their farms.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/south-africa/HISTORY.html (17839 words)

	Khoisan Tribe and Kanna
		The Khoikhoi culture were responsible for the discovery and widespread use of Sceletium tortuosum (Kanna), which is gaining in popularity around the world.
		The Khoikhoi, on the other hand, were nomadic herders who owned vast herds of cattle and sheep and lived in large groups based on an exogamous clan system.
		The Khoikhoi as well as the SonQua were strongly protective of their women and children, which explains why the resisted all attempts made by 'strangers' to accompany them to their homes.
	www.iamshaman.com /kanna/khoisan.htm (1378 words)

	The Antiquity of Man
		The consequence was that the Khoikhoi threw stones at the sailors from the bluff overlooking the spring, with Dias retaliating by shooting one of the herdsmen dead with his crossbow.
		This time it was an attempt to force the local Khoikhoi to trade their cattle, by kidnapping some children, that caused the anger of the local people.
		The Khoikhoi thus gained a reputation of being fierce and warlike, which caused the Portuguese to avoid the Cape like the plague.
	antiquityofman.com (5468 words)

	EgyptSearch Forums: Post A Reply
		Khoikhoi were not caucasoid as once though, but negriod like the San-- and therefore Africans.
		More commonly it justified white seizure of Khoikhoi and San territory because the land was not considered to be owned,''Africans,'' in the language of apartheid, were the Bantu-speaking ''agri-pastoralists[those who praticed both agritculture and pastoralism].
		The Khoikhoi were somewhat larger in stature than the San, a dissimilarity that is know attributed more to the benefits attributed more to the benefits of a richer diet,particulary regular acess to milk and meat, that to genetic differences.
	www.egyptsearch.com /forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=reply;f=8;t=001965;replyto=000013 (1874 words)

	South Africa - Emergence of a Settler Society
		They were free to trade with Khoikhoi for sheep and cattle, but they were prohibited from paying higher prices for the stock than did the VOC, and they were told not to enslave the local pastoralists.
		Conflict between Dutch farmers and Khoikhoi broke out once it became clear to the latter that the Dutch were there to stay and that they intended to encroach on the lands of the pastoralists.
		Hitherto unknown locally, the disease ravaged the remaining Khoikhoi, killing 90 percent of the population.
	countrystudies.us /south-africa/6.htm (1742 words)

	History of Paarl
		The Khoikhoi and San were the first people to utilize this area.
		The Berg River Valley formed the traditional border between the Peninsular Khoikhoi (the Gorachoqua and the Goringhaiqua) and the Cochoqua.
		The Cochoqua were defeated during the second war between the colonists and Khoikhoi and most of their livestock were looted.
	www.places.co.za /html/paarl_history.html (738 words)

	19 May 1659 – The first Khoikhoi War begins
		News that the ‘Kaapmans’ (an indigenous Khoikhoi group) have killed one Symon in’t Velt with an assegai and stolen 70 of his sheep and 30 cattle results in the breakout of year long war between the Khoikhoi of the Western Cape and the Dutch East India Company (DEIC).
		The Dutch often treated the Khoikhoi badly and in 1653, a Dutch shepherd was murdered by the Khoikhoi.
		By 1655 certain Khoikhoi groups had told DEIC governor Jan van Riebeeck that the Company had annexed their land, but Van Riebeeck rejected the claims and ordered them to live east of the Salt and Liesbeek Rivers.
	home.intekom.com /southafricanhistoryonline/pages/chronology/thisday/1659-05-19.htm (305 words)

	Women in World History : MODULE 7
		In the past, the Khoikhoi were called “Hottentots,” while the San were called “Bushmen.” The two groups were difficult to identify separately—they shared a variety of beliefs and practices, and spoke similar languages.
		The various Khoikhoi tribes were not all in agreement, however, and finally a tense peace was negotiated so that trade could continue.
		At the base of Khoikhoi social organization was the nuclear family—husband, wife, and unmarried children.
	chnm.gmu.edu /wwh/modules/lesson7/lesson7.php?s=0 (1450 words)

	AllRefer.com - South Africa - Establishing a Slave Economy - Emergence of a Settler Society \| South African Information ...
		The Khoikhoi were also expected to supply the labor needs of the s ettlement--building wharves and warehouses, putting up offices, and laying out roads.
		Because much of this lan d was already occupied by Khoikhoi pastoralists near the coast and by San hunter-gatherers in the interior, considerable warfare resulted.
		Trekboers raided the herds of the Khoikhoi and seized control of the springs on which pastoralists and hunter-gather ers alike depended for water, while Khoikhoi and San counterraided the herds of the Trekboers.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/south-africa/south-africa17.html (2519 words)

	Khoikhoi and San - History for Kids!
		The Khoikhoi and the San are two groups of people who we can first place archaeologically in South Africa about 25,000 BC.
		Both the Khoikhoi and the San were pushed into deserts and less desirable land, that was no good for farming.There are a lot more paintings which can be dated to around the time of the invasions, between 200 BC and 500 AD.
		The Khoikhoi seem to have begun to herd cattle (cows and bulls) around the same time, and there seem to have been big herds of cattle in many parts of South Africa by about 1000 AD.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/africa/history/khoisan.htm (551 words)

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