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Topic: Khowar language

	Khowar language Information
		It is spoken as a second language in the rest of Gilgit and Hunza.
		Khowar is clearly an Indo-European Language, as demonstrated by the following:
		Like all the other Dardic languages, Khowar may be an Indo-Aryan language(yet to be ascertained), but unlike most Indo-Aryan languages which are derived from Sanskrit, Khowar may be derived from Old Indo-Aryan.
	www.bookrags.com /Khowar_language (301 words)

	Languages of Chitral
		The primary language of Chitral is Khowar, which is the mother tongue of 90% of the population.
		Kirghiz is a Turkic language spoken in the former Soviet Republic of Kirgizskaya.
		The languages of Khowar, Phalura, Dameli, Gawar-Bati, Nuristani, Kalasha, Yidgha and Munji are all classified as Dardic languages in the Indo-European family of languages.
	www.geocities.com /pak_history/chitral.html (2234 words)

	Towards a Sociolinguistic Profile of the Khowar Language
		Khowar is also spoken in western Gilgit Agency, in Yasin and in the Ghizar River Valley from the area of Gupis west to Shandur Pass, and in the Ushu Valley of Kalam (primarily in the village of Mathiltan) in Swat District of the N.W.F.P. (Stahl, 1988:40) (see Map 2 and 4).
		Khowar is an Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan (Indic) language of the Northern India, Dardic, Chitral sub-group (Morgenstierne, 1961:138-39; Emeneau, 1966; Strand, 1973:302; Voegelin and Voegelin, 1965, 1977:165; Ruhlen, 1987:325).
		Khowar's oral tradition is full of well-loved poems and songs, passed down from generation to generation and sung to the accompaniment of a variety of instruments--especially the 'sitar'.
	www.anusha.com /munnings.htm (9093 words)

	Paloureg - Wikipedia
		Ur yezh dardek eo ar paloureg (palula phalura pe ashretiwar) komzet gant 7.000 den e Ashret and Biori Valleys e Chitral e Pakistan.
		A variety of this language is spoken in Village Sau in Afghanistan.
		In some villages, Palula is believed to be a dying language, as most speakers are converting to the more widelty spoken Khowar language.
	br.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paloureg (126 words)

	OPF
		Philologically, the Baluchi language is of a Persian complexion as is evident from the Persian words and expressions in the two dialects of the language.
		Khowar means "language of the Kho people." Morgenstierne (1932) says that the original home of the Kho was northern Chitral in the valleys around Mastuj, although their settlements in Ghizar valley are ancient.
		The Siraiki language is spoken in the central part of Pakistan, on either side of Indus, approximately from 280 N to 330 N longitude and including the reaches of Chenab and Sutlej, which correspond to the southwestern part of Punjab and adjacent areas.
	www.opf.org.pk /almanac/L/languages.htm (7298 words)

	Encyclopedia: Indo-Iranian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, both those spoken by the ancient Celts, and those used by their modern descendants, the Gaels, Welsh, Cornish and Bretons.
		Iranian languages: Ashkun is a language of Afghanistan in the region of Pech Valley around Wama, northwest of Asadabad in Kunar province.
		Balochi, a north-western Iranian language, is the principal language of Balochistan.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Indo_Iranian-languages (1526 words)

	GoRustic.com - Khowar Language Lesson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Khowar is the language spoken by the people of Chitral District in Pakistan's North West Frontier Provence.
		It is an ancient language of the Indo-Iranian family and in its modern manifestation includes many vocabulary words taken from Persian and Arabic.
		This language lesson was given to me by vaious member of an Ismaili family in northern Chitral district.
	www.gorustic.com /khowar.htm (58 words)

	Khowar — (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) is an international partnership of institutions and individuals who are creating a worldwide virtual library of language resources.
		The LINGUIST List is dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world.
		Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopedia in as many languages as possible.
	www.rosettaproject.org /archive/khw (203 words)

	Burushaski language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Burushaski is a language isolate spoken by some 50,000-60,000 Burúšo people in the Hunza, Nagir, Yasin, and parts of the Gilgit valleys in northern Pakistan.
		Today it contains loanwords from Urdu and a few words from neighbouring languages (Khowar and Shina), but enough original vocabulary remains to distinguish it from these languages.
		Attempts have been made to establish a relationship between Burushaski and Sumerian, Basque, and the Caucasian and Dravidian language families; however, these efforts have met with little acceptance from linguists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Burushaski_language (399 words)

	An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Kashmiri language and its dialects are spoken by 1,959,115 people in the Valley of Kashmir and surrounding areas.
		languages, which include the Shina-Khowar group, occupy a position intermediate between the Sanskritic languages of India proper and Eranian languages farther to their west.
		In general, the languages of the Dardic-group show a large number of lexical items which have been preserved from Vedic Sanskrit and which are rarely found in other Indian languages.
	www.koausa.org /SpokenKashmiri/Introduction (3277 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Pashto (پښتو;; also known as Afghan, Pushto, Pashto, Pashtoe, Pashtu, and Pukhto) is the language spoken by the ethnic Afghan otherwise known as the Pashtun people who inhabit Afghanistan and the Western provinces of Pakistan.
		The language is believed to have originated in the Kandahar/Helmand areas of Afghanistan.
		Pashto is presently classified in the Southeastern Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages.
	pashtu.iqexpand.com (962 words)

	Indo-Iranian languages - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Indo-Iranian languages are the eastern-most group of the living Indo-European languages.
		They are well represented among the oldest records of Indo-European languages.
		These originate in the area surrounding the southern part of the Urals, and early on split as they settled east and south of the Caspian Sea in Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan (see Aryan invasion).
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /i/in/indo_iranian_languages.html (92 words)

	CHITRAL - LoveToKnow Article on CHITRAL
		It is held by a small force as a British outpost.
		The aboriginal population of the Chitral valley is pIobably to be recognized in the people called Kho (speaking a language called Khowar), who form the majority of its inhabitants.
		The Ronas, who form the chief caste and fighting race of the Chitral districts, originally came from the north, but they have adopted the language and fashions of the conquered Chitrali.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CH/CHITRAL.htm (602 words)

	Punjabi.net discussions chat forums
		A distinct language from its neighbors; 47% lexical similarity with Shumashti, 44% with Dameli, 42% with Savi and Grangali.
		Shina is the primary language in Gilgit and Diamer districts.
		Khowar is the main second language used, although with much Yidgha language influence, and proficiency among women is limited.
	www.punjabi.net /talk/messages/1/2367.html?1079985051 (4441 words)

	Khowar
		Khowar in Laspur, Chitral (Pakistan).” I. Stellrecht (ed.).
		Leech, R. “Epitome of the Grammars of the Brahuiky, the Balochky and the Panjabi Languages.
		O’Brien, D.J.T. Grammar and Vocabulary of the Khowar Dialect (Chitrali).
	southasiabibliography.de /Bibliography/Indo-European/Khowar/khowar.html (354 words)

	Interim Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The main language of the Chitral area is Khowar.
		Professor Israr-ud-Din is also fluent in the local language Khowar, Peter Parkes speaks fluent Kalash, Azra Meadows speaks fluent Urdu, and Peter Meadows has a working knowledge of Urdu.
		In general, therefore, the expedition did not have any major problems in communication, in spite of the mixture of languages spoken in the Chitral area.
	www.gla.ac.uk /ibls/Biosed/pak99exp08.htm (270 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Indo-Iranian pt. 4
		You have reached the fourth page of Indo-Iranian languages, which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana.
		updated 8-7-2003 The Dardic languages (Indo-Hittite) comprise one sub-branch of the Indic sub-branch of the Indo-Iranian sub-branch of the Indo-European branch of the Indo- Hittite family of languages.
		updated 8-6-2003 Khowar (Indo-Hittite) belongs to the Dardic group of languages under the Indic sub-branch of the Indo-Iranian sub-branch of the Indo-European branch of the Indo-Hittite family of languages.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/indirn4h.htm (526 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Their language, Khowar, is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family.
		Not enough is known about the Khowar to accurately place them in the caste system; thus, their particular lifestyle cannot be adequately described.
		The Khowar do not have any Christian resources available in their own language, and there are no missions agencies currently targeting them.
	www.ksafe.com /profiles/p_code5/706.html (768 words)

	Chitral
		The people of Chitral are called the Kho and their language is Khowar.
		Khowar belongs to the Dardic group of Indo-Aryan language and is spoken not only in Chitral but also in some other northern areas of Pakistan; some parts of Yasin, Gilgit, and Swat.
		The capital of the Chitral district is Chitral town, situated on the western bank of the Chitral River (or Kunar River).
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/facility/chitral.htm (495 words)

	Kalash People's Literature
		Khowar is the language of the Kalash tribe, spoken in Chitral, which is in the far Northwest corner of Pakistan; a beautiful valley in the Hindukush range of Mountains.
		Khowar is classified as an Indo-European language of the Dardic Group.
		Khowar does not have a written form in common use.
	www.indigenouspeople.net /chitral.htm (1107 words)

	Khowar language in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		Although Khowar is the predominant language of Chitral, more than ten other languages are spoken here.
		Rahmat Aziz Chitrali is a poet of two languages (Urdu & Khowar) with humorous, political and Islamic poetry.
		He is the 1st Sahibe Diwan Mazahia Shair of Khowar language.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/Khowar_language (730 words)

	Khowar English Dictionary
		Khowar is an Indo-European language spoken by approximately 250,000 native speakers in Chitral, which is in the far North West corner of Pakistan.
		The Roman alphabet is still more suitable that the Urdu alphabet, but, nevertheless, for religious reasons, most efforts have been made to write Khowar in the Urdu alphabet, by adding dots to the bottoms of several Urdu letters.
		For a Pashtu Language radio broadcast see: BBC Broadcast Regarding the Situation in Chitral.
	www.ishipress.com /khow-lst.htm (624 words)

	Hazel Tank's Word Lists - People and Their Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Khoisan – language of the Bushmen of Africa
		Norseman – a native of Iceland; Norse – language of Iceland
		Shina, Khowar, Kafiri – dialects of the upper Indus valley
	www.prenhall.com /medtransoriginal/wordlist/people_language.htm (955 words)

	Online Language Dictionaries and Translators
		Word2Word is pleased to provide these dictionary links in the hope of all people developing a better understanding of others through the use of language.
		If the dictionary only translates from one language to another you will see this - > to indicate which language is being translated from with the arrow pointing to which language is being translated to.
		Please note that some of the dictionaries may require your browser to have the ability to read the language being translated to.
	www.word2word.com /dic.html (193 words)

	Should White European Nationalists dissasociate themselves with the term "Aryan"? - Stormfront White ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Since the language the phenomenon of homonyms permits (identically pronounced and written words with several meanings) this is not bad or incorrect.
		As linguistic term Aryan were used for all Indo-Europese/Indo-European languages (Dutch, Russian etc.), for Indo-Iranic the branch (Persian and Sanskriet etc.) of it, or only for the Indo-Aryan branch (languages prevented Sanskriet such as Hindi and gypsy language).
		With regard to language Persian c.q Farsi are indeed Aryan a language.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=177594&page=1&pp=10 (1995 words)

	Koshur: An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri
		Kashmiri, popularly known as Koshur, is an Indo-Aryan language.
		Even the opponents of this linguistic classification of this language, grouped it with Dardi, Shrinya, Khowar dialects, which are spoken in the areas adjacent to the valley in its north and north-west.
		Language historians and linguists have often, however, concurred on the theory that the above-mentioned dialects fall in the category of languages that bear resemblance to the Indo-Aryan as well as to the Indo-Iranian languages.
	www.koshur.org (252 words)

	LANGUAGES
		Official home page of Lojban, an artificial language designed in the late 1980s as a further development from a language called Loglan, with the particular design requirements of being culturally neutral, based on the principles of logic, having an unambiguous grammar and suitable eventually for communication between people and computers.
		Tariq Rahman, Asian Studies at the University of Texas, Austin, TX Scholarly article claiming to demonstrate that the language of the prehistoric Indus Valley Civilization belonged to the Dravidian family.
		A rather unsytematic collection of data on the language that is the mother tongue of the majority of inhabitants of Taiwan.
	www.tundria.com /LANGLANG.HTM (2134 words)

	The Rosetta Project: the 1000 language archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Send a message to a Khowar language specialist or native speaker who might be able to review or contribute materials.
		The Rosetta Project is a global collaboration of language specialists and native speakers working to develop a contemporary version of the historic "Rosetta Stone".
		We are creating this broad language archive through an open contribution, open review process and we invite you to participate.
	www.rosettaproject.org:8080 /live/search/invitecolleague?ethnocode=KHW&langname=Khowar (162 words)

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