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Topic: Khumbu Glacier

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	Bibilography: Glacier Studies in the Himalaya
		Bhatti, A.K. (1962) Glaciers and the Indus Basin.
		Miller, M.M. (1970) Glaciology of the Khumbu glacier and Mount Everest.
		Munsi, S.K. (1965) Geomorphology of the Biling Lumpa Valley and the Gangstang Glacier.
	nsidc.org /pubs/gd/29/1.4.html (6478 words)

	NATEXAMINER: Global Warming - Glacier Retreat
		As is true with the glaciers located in the tropical zone, virtually all the glaciers in the mid latitudes are in a state of negative mass balance and are retreating.
		The largest glacier in France, the Mer de Glace, which is 11 km (6.85 miles) long and 400 m (1,312 ft) thick, has lost 8.3% of its length, or 1 km (0.6 miles), in 130 years, and thinned by 27%, or 150 m (492 ft), in the mid-section of the glacier since 1907.
		In Greenland glacier retreat has been observed in outlet glaciers, resulting in an increase of the ice flow rate and destabilization of the mass balance of the ice sheet that is their source.
	www.natexaminer.com /warming/glacier.html (7208 words)

	Mount Everest - MSN Encarta
		The mountain itself is a pyramid-shaped horn, sculpted by the erosive power of the glacial ice into three massive faces and three major ridges, which soar to the summit from the north, south, and west and separate the glaciers.
		From the south side of the mountain, in a clockwise direction, the main glaciers are the Khumbu glacier, which flows northeast before turning southwest; the West Rongbuk glacier in the northwest; the Rongbuk glacier in the north; the East Rongbuk glacier in the northeast; and the Kangshung glacier in the east.
		Base Camp, which serves as a resting area and base of operations for climbers organizing their attempts for the summit, is located on the Khumbu glacier at an elevation of 5,400 m (17,600 ft); it receives an average of 450 mm (18 in) of precipitation a year.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761571675 (1933 words)

	Unasylva - No. 84 - Khumbu - country of the Sherpas
		The region of Pharak, at 2,400 to 2,700 meters (8,000 to 9,000 feet), flanks the gorge of the Dudh Kosi, and to the southwest of this and at a generally lower altitude is the Solu region.
		The main features of Khumbu are the great peaks, with their glaciers, icefalls and snowfields; below these are the glacial moraines, steep cliffs and rocky slopes, covered here and there with low alpine vegetation, and the deep forest-covered valley of the Dudh Kosi.
		Khumbu is famous throughout the world on account of the stories brought back by the Everest climbers and others of that mythical animal the "yeti" - called "the abominable snowman" by Europeans and now generally considered to be a species of bear.
	www.fao.org /docrep/55408e/55408e02.htm (3858 words)

	Global glacier retreat
		Glaciers are the perfect summer water supply in alpine regions providing the highest runoff during warm dry periods when other water sources are at a minimum.
		In the Kebnekaise Mountains of Northern Sweden of sixteen glaciers examined from 1990-2001, 14 are retreating, one is advancing and one is stable [7] During the 20th century glaciers in Norway retreated as did glaciers in other parts of the world at the end of the Little Ice Age.
		A WWF report, An Overview of Glaciers, Glacier Retreat and Subsequent Impacts in Nepal, India and China (2005), [24] concluded that 67% of Himalyan glaciers are retreating rapidly.
	www.nichols.edu /departments/glacier/glacier_retreat.htm (4024 words)

	NOVA Online \| Everest \| The Anatomy of a Glacier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		On Mount Everest, glaciers have created a harrowing stretch of ice known as the Khumbu Icefall, which confronts mountaineers at the very start of their climb.
		Icefalls are literally hanging glaciers, falling slowly over geological time by the force of gravity.
		As glaciers advance down mountainsides and into valleys, they break apart and accumulate into massive piles of melting and solid ice with huge gaps separating ice blocks the size of houses.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/everest/earth/glacier.html (237 words)

	Glacier Links
		The Anatomy of a Glacier: Read about how glaciers affect the water cycle and the weather on this well illustrated PBS NOVA tour of the Khumbu Glacier and the icefalls on Mount Everest.
		Glacier Image Database: View a collection of photographs of glacier componants and glacier flow compliments of Glacial Geology at UC (University of Cincinnati).
		Measuring a Moving Glacier: Study of the movement of ice and Earth at the surging Bering Glacier in Alaska using a series of satellites that estimate precise positions on Earth from space (from the American Geophysical Union).
	nsidc.org /glaciers/more/misc.html (314 words)

	Khumbu Icefall - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Khumbu Icefall is an icefall at the head of the Khumbu Glacier.
		The Khumbu glacier that forms the icefall moves at such speed that large crevasses open with little warning.
		It is estimated that the glacier advances three to four feet (~0.9 to 1.2 m) down the mountain every day.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Khumbu_Icefall (234 words)

	Directory/ Profile
		As the western Himalayas receive only a small amount of rainfall, barring the formation of vast snowfields, the source of some of the big rivers of Nepal are in fact glaciers.
		Tukche and Hidden valley glaciers belong to the central Himalayas but these are comparatively small.
		Eating into the land along their course, the glaciers have been partly responsible for changing the Himalayan landscape, and for evolving various geo-patterns ranging from big cirques and rock basins to hanging valleys and morainic ridges.
	www.thamel.com /htms/glacier.htm (126 words)

	Vashon To Everest
		Glaciers such as the Khumbu move, they are essentially a slow moving river of ice.
		On the other hand, everything is in motion, and even though the glacier is moving slowly as a whole, individual parts can move very quickly (crumbling or collapsing portions).
		From Camp One at the top of the Icefall the route to Camp Two gradually ascends the upper section of the Khumbu Glacier in a valley known as the Western Cwm.
	www.vashonsd.org /everest/dispatch5.htm (1059 words)

	Cimb Island Peak with Berg Adventures International.
		It is located in the upper Imja Valley of the Khumbu, surrounded by Himalayan giants: the South Face of Lhotse, Makalu, Baruntse and Cho Polu dominate the skyline as you climb this beautiful peak.
		The trek to Namche, Thame, Tangboche and Pheriche and up the Khumbu glacier to Base Camp is an excellent introduction to the culture of the Sherpa people and Everest climbing history.
		The full mass of the Khumbu Icefall will not be viewed until you walk into Base Camp, but the creaks and groans of the glacier and the roar of avalanches from the slopes around will be heard during the entire day's hike.
	www.bergadventures.com /trips/island_itin.html (1938 words)

	Bold Type: Excerpt by Jon Krakauer
		There was certainly no lack of steep ice in the Khumbu Icefall, but all of it had been rigged with ladders or ropes or both, rendering the conventional tools and techniques of ice climbing largely superfluous.
		As the glacier moved, crevasses would sometimes compress, buckling ladders like toothpicks; other times a crevasse might expand, leaving a ladder dangling in the air, only tenuously supported, with neither end mounted on solid ice.
		As dawn washed the darkness from the sky, the shattered glacier was revealed to be a three-dimensional landscape of phantasmal beauty.
	www.randomhouse.com /boldtype/0598/krakauer/excerpt.html (1880 words)

	Khumbu Himal: Trekking around Mount Everest
		Leaving the Khumbu Valley we climbed past the picturesque, turquoise-green waters of the Tshola Tsho nestling beneath the elegant Cholatse and encamped beside a stream beyond the small cluster of lodges at Dzongla.
		Steep, loose scree led downwards to boulder-strewn moorland and on to the huddle of dwellings at Thangna.
		In the morning we traversed the broad, shattered moraines of the Ngozumpa Glacier and joined the trail to the popular trekking destination of Gokyo Village.
	www.caingram.info /Travel/khumbu.htm (1196 words)

	Nepal - Namche Bazaar - Travallo Globetrotters Home
		If it does luck have to be during the full moon in May or November/December in Khumbu can see the " Manirimdu " to her, the Sherpa play, which represents the victory of the Buddhism over the bon - religion.
		A good excursion is it to cross the Khumbu glacier to the pass to ascend and to Bibre in the south go.
		The workstations of base stocks of the different Everest expeditions are situated near the foot of the Khumbu Eisfalls (5,357m).
	www.travallo.de /laender/anapurna/namchebazaar.html (1226 words)

	The Himalayas - Nepal Himalayas - Solo Khumbu
		Buddhism is believed to have been introduced in the Khumbu region towards the end of the 17th century by Lama Sange Dorjee.
		He is thought to have been responsible for the founding of the first gompas in the Khumbu region, at Pangboche and Thami.
		It is a trekking peak and every year tourists climb this peak to enjoy the fantastic panoramic views it offers of the Khumbu glacier, the Everest and nearby peaks like Lhotse and Nuptse.
	library.thinkquest.org /10131/nepal_pangboche.html (259 words)

	Khumbu07 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The memorials on the terminal moraine of the Khumbu Glacier (4840m) above Dughla, dedicated to Sherpa (and some foreigners) who have died climbing mountains in the Khumbu Region.
		Kiwi trekkers resting near the Khumbu Glacier just before Gorak Shep; [L to R] Lingtren (6697m), Khumbutse 6640m), and Changtse (7550m) peaks on the horizon; Khumbu Ice Fall in the background on the lower right.
		Trekkers on the slopes of Kata Patthar, overlooking the rock-covered Khumbu Glacier.
	www.brandonu.ca /chemistry/Khumbu/khumbu07.htm (197 words)

	Sherpa Shangri-La Treks and Expeditions - Ultimate Adventure
		Khumbu 3 Peaks is a highly active expedition giving the chance to climbing three peaks in the Everest region, or simply trek between their base camps in remote areas of the Khumbu.
		It provides an opportunity to climb in the shadow of the world's highest mountains while taking in one of the most famous treks in the Himalaya.
		It is one of several summits that make up the long southwest ridge of Nuptse carved out between the Khumbu and Nuptse Glaciers.
	www.shangrilatrek.com /loadtrek.php?id=18 (331 words)

	Khumbu
		Solu Khumbu is justifiably famous, not only for its proximity to the world's highest mountain (Everest 8848 metres), but also for its Sherpa villages and monasteries.
		Tengboche is a cultural and religous centre for the people of Khumbu region It's unique in that all the other gompas of the region are associated with a village but Tengboche is not.
		From Thukhla you continue the climb on the left of the terminal split of the Khumbu glacier.
	www.mporzio.astro.it /~cola/Khumbu.html (3032 words)

	A Historical Perspective on the South Col Route
		When a glacier increases in gradient, it turns into an "icefall." This icefall, especially the Khumbu Icefall, is an amazingly chaotic jumble of ice blocks of all sizes.
		This "valley of silence" was first traversed by the Swiss expedition of 1952, who in fact pioneered most of the route on the upper mountain and came very close to the summit the year before the British success in 1953.
		These crevasses are caused by the stress of glacier movement (take a warm Snicker's candy bar and bend it in the middle and note the "crevasses" formed on the surface, and you get the idea).
	www.alpineascents.com /everest-south-col-route.asp (1554 words)

	Line of Site: Everest
		Because the glacier moves quite fast and therefore forms again and again new columns and lakes, which must be gone around.
		It is on actively moving glacier ice covered by rock debris called ablation or surface moraine.
		Thus we are treated several times per day to “icefall” and ice avalanches from Lho La (La is the local word for pass), from a huge ice cliff between Lingtren and Pumori, and from numerous ice cliffs and seracs hanging off the end of the Nuptse Ridge.
	robannable.backpackit.com /pub/619322 (464 words)

	The Infinite Matrix \| Richard Kadrey \| Surfing the Khumbu
		She was in the Himalayas, making her way down the western side of Everest, from Kala Pattar through the rocky cut carved out by the Khumbu Glacier.
		She stayed that night in the ice fall, setting up camp among the vertical flutes which rose like frigid, pale-blue stalagmites from the Khumbu.
		The dish and the satellite synched in and Anna was mentally blasted from the glacier up through a sea of orbital data.
	www.infinitematrix.net /stories/shortshorts/kadrey27.html (1830 words)

	Everest 2003 Dispatches only on MountainZone.com
		A medial moraine is a strip of morainal debris in the middle of glacier ice which marks where two glaciers come together.
		At the side of a glacier is a lateral moraine (like a little ridge a bulldozer blade leaves behind as it is scraping away at the earth), and when these two lateral moraines come together when the glaciers merge, we have the combination of rock debris and ice on which Camp II is located.
		The Lhotse Face is an over 5,000 foot ice and glacier face at an average angle of around 45 per cent, and mostly consisted of hard blue ice.
	climb.mountainzone.com /everest/2003/html/dispatch042.asp (1316 words)

	Nepal Trekking - Explore the Region of Thirdpole - trek around Nepal's Annapurnas , Everest , Kanchenjunga , Manasalu , ...
		Mount Everest is standing as a great wall between Nepal and Tibet autonomous region of China has remind a challenge for the centuries for the human beings.
		The destinations of the trekking tour in Khumbu region are Kalapattar, Gokyo and Everest Basecamp, which can be reached with the shortest trekking tour program.
		A number of Glaciers originated from Himalaya have no doubt added to the beauties of this region.
	www.visitnepal.com /thirdpole/trekking.htm (2975 words)

	Mt. Everest History
		Beneath the shallow marine rock lies the highly metamorphosed fl gneiss (foliated, or layered, rock) of the Precambrian era, a remnant of the original continental plates that collided and forced up the Himalayas.
		Such impact includes the burning of wood for fuel, pollution in the form of human waste and trash, and abandoned climbing gear.
		A few bits and pieces show up on the lower part of the glacier many years later as they are churned back to the surface, although organic matter is generally consumed or scavenged by local wildlife.
	www.everestpeaceproject.org /history.php (2201 words)

	Millions Face Glacier Catastrophe; Global Warming Hits Himalayas
		Himalayan glacier lakes are filling up with more and more melted ice and 24 of them are now poised to burst their banks in Bhutan, with a similar number at risk in Nepal.
		The roof of the world is changing, as can be seen by Nepal's Khumbu glacier, where Hillary and Tenzing began their 1953 Everest expedition.
		According to Nature, temperatures in the region have increased by more than 1C recently and are set to rise by a further 1.2C by 2050, and by 3C by the end of the century.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines05/1120-05.htm (873 words)

	Everest Trek, Everest Base Camp Trek
		Pheriche the last village located at the foot of the terminal moraine of the glacier of Khumbu.
		The pass is not difficult but it is steep and involves a glacier crossing.
		An ice axe, crampons and a rope are often necessary for crossing a small icefall at foot of the glacier on the other side of the Pass, although in ideal conditions, there are no technical problems and there is a trail in the rocks besides the icefall.
	www.loyaltravel.com.np /trekking/everest_trek.htm (2487 words)

	Khumbu Stock Photos / Pictures / Photography / Royalty Free Images at Inmagine
		Nepal, Himalayas, Nuptse and Khumbu glacier, Mt Everest
		Trekking in the Everest Region Khumbu Himalaya, Nepal
		Trekking in Khumbu Valley to Mt. Everest Basis Camp and to Island Peak (6189 m.)
	www.inmagine.com /searchterms/khumbu.html (132 words)

	New Year trek to Everest Base Camp \| trekking in Nepal \| Everest base camp \| hiking \| Sherpa culture \| Kathmandu \| ...
		The sunrise on the snow capped peaks above the Khumbu Glacier is an unforgettable sight as we wend our way along the edge of the glacier to Gorak Shep.
		The Sherpa people of the Khumbu are firm believers in the existence of the yeti, and for a small donation the temple caretaker will allow you to see the last remaining yeti scalp in the region.
		Tengboche Monastery is the most active in the Khumbu and we may be fortunate enough to witness a religious ceremony and hear the deep throated horns or dunchen being blown from inside the monastery.
	www.infohub.com /TRAVEL/SIT/sit_pages/2215.html (2025 words)

	Climb Nepal with Mountain Trip Guides - Island Peak
		All of our expeditions are combined with a trek in to the mountaineering objective and so are also accessible to fit trekkers who might like to join us as we stroll amidst stunning landscapes and sample the rich mountain cultures.
		In the fall of 2004 Mountain Trip will be leading a trip to the Khumbu region of Nepal.
		Though we will only be hiking with daypacks, trekkers also need to be in good shape as the mountainous terrain that creates such majesty in the Khumbu region lends itself to rugged hiking.
	www.mountaintrip.com /nepal.htm (455 words)

	Everest Khumbu Icefall Climb
		Although there is no set course prerequisite for the Khumbu Icefall Extension, prior climbing experience and competence in ice axe, crampons and fixed rope skills is absolutely required.
		The trek continues along the rushing glacial waters of the Dudh Kosi with magnificent views of the mountains.
		Today's trail continues along the lateral moraine of the Khumbu Glacier and passes by stone memorials for climbers who have perished on nearby summits.
	www.mountainmadness.com /sevensummits/everest2.cfm?nav=exp (2144 words)

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