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	Kielder Forest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kielder Forest is a large forestry plantation in Northumberland.
		It is the largest forest in the UK, and is planted mainly (80%) with Sitka Spruce, with smaller plantings of Norway Spruce, Lodgepole Pine, Scots Pine, Douglas-fir and other trees.
		There is a large reservoir, Kielder Water at the heart of the forest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kielder_Forest (97 words)

	Forest Life - Little John Hathersage Sherwood Nottingham Robin Hood Loxley Peak District pictures history
		The royal forests occupied strategic positions, and unfortunately the history of the forests during the reigns of William I to Edward I is one of repeated royal abuse which affected the lives of the villagers and townsfolk who lived within the forest boundary whether they were rich or poor.
		A forest for the Normans and their successors was an area of unenclosed countryside, consisting of a highly variable mixture of woodland, heathland, scrub, and agricultural land.
		Henry II (1135-1154) extended the boundaries of the Forest, thereby increasing pressure on the surrounding cultivated land but he was rather more merciful regarding breaches of Forest Law, trespassers were committed to prison, although by the end of his reign the forests in England had been increased to their largest extent.
	myweb.ecomplanet.com /kirk6479/mycustompage0016.htm (1521 words)

	Battle to save last stronghold of the red squirrel
		Kielder Forest District, whose 150 million trees span 200 square miles from County Durham to the Scottish border, contains England's biggest forest, and is one of the few places in England where red squirrels are still abundant.
		Kidland Forest, which is 2050 hectares and within Northumberland's Cheviot Hills, is considered to be an ideal conservation area for the threatened red squirrel due to its isolation and inaccessibility for grey squirrels currently colonising Northumberland.
		Kielder Forest District is managed by Forest Enterprise which is the management agency of the Forestry Commission.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-07/uonu-bts072601.php (1129 words)

	Kielder Forest -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kielder Forest is a large (The science of planting and caring for forests and the management of growing timber) forestry (A newly established colony (especially in the colonization of North America)) plantation in (The northernmost county of England; has many Roman remains (including Hadrian's Wall)) Northumberland.
		There is a large (Tank used for collecting and storing a liquid (as water or oil)) reservoir, (additional info and facts about Kielder Water) Kielder Water at the heart of the forest.
		The forest is owned and managed by the (additional info and facts about Forestry Commission) Forestry Commission.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/k/ki/kielder_forest.htm (115 words)

	Jonathan Sherratt's Research: Vole Dynamics in Kielder
		Kielder Forest is a large area of managed woodland on the border between Scotland and England.
		The forest is a good habitat for field voles (Microtus agrestis), and this population cycles with a period of about 4 years.
		The colours indicate vole density (red=high, blue=low) and the "hole" in the middle is a representation of Kielder Water.
	www.ma.hw.ac.uk /~jas/researchinterests/kielder.html (523 words)

	Bridging "Islands" of Wilderness a Boon to Animals
		Kielder Forest was planted in the 1920s, and by the 1960s the new woodland bridged fragments of forest in the north of England with some in southern Scotland.
		Kielder Forest had transformed several of the fragments into a single habitat that allowed isolated populations of squirrels to mix and interbreed.
		Although the Kielder forest expanded habitat for the red squirrel, it also extended the roaming range of the North American gray squirrel, which is a particularly detrimental invasive species in Britain.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2001/09/0921_TVsquirrel.html (591 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Squirrels 'genetically altered' by forest
		Kielder Forest in Northumberland provided a bridge between forest fragments, allowing an influx of new genes carried by "foreign" squirrels.
		But the growth of the Kielder Forest, which was planted in the 1920s, started to form a link between squirrel populations by the 1960s.
		Kielder Forest prompted a north to west squirrel migration, which changed the Cumbrian population.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1554000/1554950.stm (280 words)

	Kielder Water & Forest Northumberland Northumbria England UK GB (page 137)
		Kielder's quiet beauty is enhanced by a range of activities including sailing and other watersports, fishing and a ferry cruiser.
		Kielder currently attracts around 1/2 million visitors a year and is becoming increasingly famous for its sculptures and other visual art, including James Turrell's "Skyspace".
		In the main conifer forest, Crossbill is a typical species whilst in the more deciduous, lower areas of the North Tyne Valley Pied Flycatcher and Redstart are common during the breeding season.
	www.northumberland.gov.uk /vg/kielder.htm (1462 words)

	[No title]
		The forest had inherited very few traces of natural forest due to the previous intensive sheep-grazing, and efforts were made to strengthen and extend these remnant areas along streamsides with planted native species.
		Forests like Kielder are living experiments in the re-creation of forest landscapes on land which has not borne forests for centuries.
		Community forests and social forestry During the 1990s a series of visionary schemes were developed for new large-scale community forests in England, primarily to become a recreational resource, in poorly wooded lowland areas within easy reach of urban centres.
	www.iucn.org /themes/fcp/publications/files/flr_costarica/flr_patterson_ext.doc (3797 words)

	Kielder Water Sailing Club
		Kielder Water is located in the heart of Northumberland.
		Kielder Water itself is well signposted from most major roads in Northumberland.
		For a general guide to the location of Kielder Water an Ordinance Survey map can be found here with an arrow pointing to the rough location of the sailing club.
	www.kielderwatersc.org /info.html (886 words)

	icNewcastle - Kielder powerhouse
		The Kielder Forest area of Northumberland could become a regional green energy powerhouse of wind, hydro and wood and crop burning plants.
		Turbines in the dam at Northumbrian Water's Kielder reservoir are already the largest hydro power station in England and produce enough power for a small town, while earlier this year a system was launched which uses surplus forest woodchip to heat homes and community facilities in Kielder village.
		The Kielder Partnership is devoted to boosting sustainable tourism and its officer Paul Nichol said: "We want to encourage renewable energy but there could be a fine line between that and altering the physical appearance of the Kielder area." At present renewable energy accounts for only 1pc of the North-East's power output.
	icnewcastle.icnetwork.co.uk /0100news/thejournal/page.cfm?objectid=14902913&method=full&siteid=50081 (670 words)

	Projects - SquirrelWeb
		aestuans is a generalist that is tolerant of forest fragmentation.
		The partnership between Forest Enterprise (Kielder Forest District), Mammals Trust UK and the Universities of Newcastle and London (QMUL) was highly successful and a background on the project and a summary of its outcomes is given below.
		The results of the modelling predicted that the current red squirrel population in Kielder Forest is stable with an average of 8,000-9,000 adults (reaching up to 16000 in good years) for both the current composition and the proposed restock scenario.
	www.squirrelweb.co.uk /articles/projects.php (7205 words)

	07/31/01 -- Computer Model Could Save Red Squirrels' Last Stronghold (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kielder Forest District is managed by Forest Enterprise, the management agency of the governmental Forestry Commission.
		Ecologists from the Centre for Life Sciences Modeling at Newcastle University assessed the layout for another proposed red squirrel conservation area in Kielder Forest, in a section known as Kidland Forest, where several hundred of the animals are said to live.
		Kidland Forest, comprised of 2050 hectares within Northumberland's Cheviot Hills, is considered to be an ideal conservation area for the threatened red squirrel due to its isolation and inaccessibility to the grey squirrels now colonizing Northumberland.
	forests.org /archive/europe/comocoul.htm (1117 words)

	Kielder Water - Free Pictures - FreeFoto.Com
		Hills, rivers and open areas add to the diversity of the forest which is one of the few places in England which is still home to native red squirrels.
		An interesting 13 mile Forest Toll road connects Kielder Village at the head of the resevoir to Byrness on the A68.
		Kielder Water, with a 27 mile shoreline, is the largest man-made lake in Western Europe.
	www.freefoto.com /preview.jsp?id=1033-14-56 (263 words)

	Wildlife News: kielder forest stays true to its roots to protect red squirrels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The results of a world-first computer modelling project have revealed that previous proposals to drive large seeded broadleaf corridors through Kielder Forest, Northumberland, would be the equivalent of building "motorways" along which grey squirrels would migrate to wipe out the native species.
		Bill Burlton, Environment Forester with Kielder Forest District, said: "Spruce trees may not be native to England, but the fact is that reds can find food and survive in conifer forests far better than greys, which out-compete it in oak woods.
		Because of this we recognise that Kielder is the last hope of maintaining a viable red squirrel population in England.
	www.naturalworldtours.co.uk /articles2003/october/oct0503i.htm (782 words)

	Safe home for squirrels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kielder, one of Europe's largest man-made commercial forests, is home to an estimated 10,000 native red squirrels.
		When red squirrel population dynamics were simulated based on the current forest composition, the felling plan and possible tree seed compositions, the results indicated that red squirrels in Kidland may be reduced to a 'handful' of individuals (less than 20) and could face local extinction around 2012.
		Large conifer forests such as Kielder are rapidly becoming the last refuge of red squirrels in England, and the decisions planners take today will have direct influence on squirrel populations in 40 years' time.
	hero.ac.uk /uk/research/archives/2001/safe_home_for_squirrels1227.cfm (847 words)

	Unasylva - Vol. 6, No. 4 - Britain's new forest villages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This is Llwyn-y-Gog, situated beside Hafren Forest in the County of Montgomery, in the center of Wales.
		At Redesdale Forest, 47 houses of the 120 comprising the new village of Byrness are nearly ready for occupation; although in the heart of the forest it borders on one of the few main roads from England into Scotland.
		The conception of the forest village involves the belief that the worker, and his family, must be satisfactorily housed close to the forest which will give him employment, and be provided with reasonable social amenities.
	www.fao.org /docrep/x5365e/x5365e02.htm (6060 words)

	Minotaur shortlisted for a RIBA Award
		Kielder Castle's popular Minotaur maze was recently given a detailed examination by judges from the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).
		Minotaur was commissioned by the Kielder Partnership's art and architecture programme and built by Bellingham based TK Builders (North) Ltd using funding from One NorthEast, The Northern Rock Foundation, The Arts Council of England and the North Pennines LEADER + programme.
		Forest Enterprise is the land-owner for the maze and a member of the Kielder Partnership, which promotes sustainable tourism in the area.
	www.tynedale.gov.uk /residents/newsviewsdetails.asp?menu=1&submenu=&newsid=309 (463 words)

	Forestry Commission - Kielder -
		Mammals: A key species in Kielder Forest is the Red Squirrel, as Kielder is truly one of its largest remaining strongholds in the country.
		Kielder Castle is situated at the northern end of Kielder Water, off the C200.
		The varied structure of the forest means that a large range of flora and fauna thrives at Kielder.
	www.forestry.gov.uk /website/wildwoods.nsf/LUWebDocsByKey/EnglandNorthumberlandKielderKielderKielderCastleForestParkCentre (648 words)

	Lecture 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This is the same forest, with high public pressure, where the pool was artificially constructed (Lecture 2).
		Selection of Kielder Forest for a new resevoir was no doubt influenced by a hugely contensious public inquiry at the the previous resevoir construction to provide water for that region.
		Kielder Forest certainly had less public sympathy although the Forestry Commission vigorously opposed construction of the resevoir.
	depts.washington.edu /esrm302/ESRM302_F7.html (577 words)

	North East ERDP Regional Chapter
		With the exception of Kielder Forest, the regions woodland cover is generally fragmented and geographically widely scattered among many thousands of individual woodland blocks.
		Public forests owned by the Forestry Commission and managed by its Forest Enterprise agency amount to 51,200 ha, which is 52% of the total regional resource.
		The contribution of the forest industry to the economy of the North East Region is be significant.
	www.defra.gov.uk /erdp/docs/nechapter/nesection14/nebus142.htm (1192 words)

	Area Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Set within the beautiful Kielder Forest Park Europe's largest man made forest, Kielder has a natural beauty which can be enjoyed all year - whatever your age and interests it has something to offer.
		For those interested in history Kielder Castle has an on-going display of the many aspects of this 'working forest' and from there you can also join guided nature and conservation trails.
		Take a 10 mile Kielder Waster cruise in effortless comfort on 'Osprey' which sails 5 times daily from Tower Knowe, the onboard commentary, galley, shop and bar ensure that your trip will be memorable.
	www.newcastle.gov.uk /cwleisure.nsf/a/area?opendocument (266 words)

	The Forests Handbook - Volumes I & II
		The future of the world's forests is at the forefront of environmental debate.
		The Forests Handbook, written by an international team of scientists and practitioners, presents an integrated approach to forests and forestry, applying our present understanding of forest science to management practices, as a basis for achieving sustainability.
		Volume One presents an overview of the world's forests; their locations and what they are like, the science of how they operate as complex ecosystems, and how they interact with their wider environment.
	www.cplbookshop.com /contents/C689.htm (347 words)

	West Riding Group EGB
		The forest tracks were lovely - some long canters and plenty of time to slow and pick your way over any boggy bits.
		A lot of the forest tracks were mostly canterable, too, with grassy bits down the middle of them.
		This was the route the pleasure riders had taken, and it went into the forest to the north of the venue on a lollipop.
	www.freewebs.com /west_riding_egb/ridereports.htm (4780 words)

	BBC NEWS \| England \| Tyne \| Forest of hope for red squirrels
		Dense forest in Northumberland has been found to act as protection for red squirrels from a deadly disease carried by their grey cousins.
		Kielder Forest is home to about 70% of England's red squirrel population.
		The main reason is that red squirrels succumb to the pox virus rapidly and any squirrels that become infected at the edge of Kielder are unlikely to transmit the disease to the core population and the disease burns out.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/england/tyne/3993609.stm (321 words)

	Kielder Water - Map of Northumberland Attractions
		Tucked away at the top of Northumberland, close to the Scottish Border and Hadrian's Wall, beautiful Kielder Water is the largest man-made lake in Europe.
		Kielder Forest, one of Britain's biggest nature resorts, is home to red squirrels, deer and rare birds.
		The Visitor Centre is situated in the centre of this picturesque market town and nearby walks take in the Simonside Hills and Lordenshaws, where you will see the famous "cup and ring" markings on the stones.
	www.somewheretogo.co.uk /northumberland_attractions.html (151 words)

	Kielder Water
		Kielder Water is Britain's largest man-made lake, cradled within Kielder Forest and set deep within the Northumberland landscape.
		It is also one of the region's major tourist venues, attracting over a quarter of a million visitors a year who come to enjoy the wide range of leisure opportunities on offer.
		There are two main visitor centres at Kielder Water - Leaplish waterside park and Tower Knowe visitor centre - and other facilites at Kielder, Falstone and Stannersburn villages.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/k/ki/kielder_water.html (198 words)

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