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Topic: Kievan Ruthenia

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	Ruthenia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ruthenia is a geographic and culturo-ethnic name applied to the parts of Eastern Europe populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to the past various states that existed in these territories.
		By the end of the 12th century, the word Ruthenia was used, among the alternative spelling Ruscia and Russia, in Latin papal documents to denote the lands formerly dominated by Kiev.
		In the early 20th century, the name "Ukraine" was widely accepted in Galicia/Halychyna and the name "Ruthenia" became narrowed to the area south of the Carpathian mountains in the Kingdom of Hungary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ruthenia (1115 words)

	Carpathian Ruthenia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The territory of Carpathian Ruthenia is split between the western Zakarpattia Oblast (province) of present-day Ukraine, and the eastern provinces (kraj) of Prešov and Košice in present-day Slovakia.
		According to the 1880 census, the population of the present-day territory of Carpathian Ruthenia (Zakarpattia Oblast) was composed of:
		According to the 1989 census, the population of the present-day territory of Carpathian Ruthenia (Zakarpattia Oblast) was composed of:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia (3022 words)

	Ruthenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Ruthenia is a name applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were the populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in the past.
		The word Ruthenia is the Latin name for an old Slavic territory which didn't have proper name but was called by its inhabitants "Руськая Земля" ("ruskaya zemlya") which could be translated as "Rusian Land" or "Land of Rus".
		By the 10th century, the term Ruthenia was used, among other spellings, in Latin Papal documents in the sense of Rus' the people or medieval state of Rus (Kievan Rus), and later became a dominant name for Rus in Latin.
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /r/ru/ruthenia.html (593 words)

	Ruthenia
		Ruthenia is a name that has been applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were the populated by Eastern Slavonic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in old times.
		Kievan Rus', both as an empire/political state, and as a smaller region within a 200 kilometer radius of Kiev.
		The Grand Duchy of Lithuania, taken as a whole, was basically a Ruthenian state, as it was populated mainly by Ruthenians, its nobles were of Ruthenian origins, and a variant of Old Slavonic close to Belarusian is the sole language of most surviving official documents of the state prior to 1697.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/r/ru/ruthenia.html (1532 words)

	Kievan Rus' - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kievan Rus′ was not able to maintain its position as a powerful and prosperous state, in part because of the amalgamation of disparate lands under the control of a ruling clan.
		Kievan Rus', although sparsely populated compared to Western Europe [1], was not only the largest contemporary European state in terms of area but also one of the most culturally advanced.
		On the northeastern periphery of Kievan Rus', those traditions were adapted to form the legacy that gradually gravitated towards the Moscow rulers, eventually leading to modern Russian statehood.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kievan_Rus%27 (3121 words)

	tScholars.com \| Rulers of Kievan Rus' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		According to Adam of Bremen, Anund GÃ¥rdske, a man from Kievan Rus' was elected king of Sweden, ca 1070.
		Kievan Rus' was finally destroyed by the Mongols in 1240, but the Riurikovich line persisted and continued to rule northern Russian principalities until the early seventeenth century.
		Rulers of Kievan Rus' held the titles Kniaz and later Velikiy Kniaz, traditionally translated as Prince and Grand Prince(or Duke and Grand Duke), respectively.
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/Rulers_of_Kievan_Rus%27 (340 words)

	Wikinfo \| Ruthenia
		Ruthenia or (ancient) Russia is a name that has been applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were the populated by Eastern Slavonic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in old times.
		The decline of Kievan Rus' and its subjugation to external empires was the basis for the split of Ruthenians into three separate nations.
		Ruthenia, Carpato-Ruthenia, Carpathian Ruthenia, or Carpatho-Ukraine is the name of a region in Central Europe comprising the southern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Ruthenia (1125 words)

	Kievan Rus' - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Template:History of UkraineTemplate:History of Russia Kievan Rus′ was the early, mostly East Slavic People speaking East Slavic dialects were known from 9th century as Rus (also referred to as ancient Russians or Ruthenians).
		The new Kievan state prospered because it controlled the trade route from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea and the Orient and because it had an abundant supply of furs, beeswax, and honey for export.
		Kievan Rus', although as all of Eastern Europe relatively sparsly populated compared to the Western Europe[1], was not only the largest contemporary European state in terms of area but also one of the most culturally advanced.
	www.recipeland.com:8080 /facts/Kievan_Rus (2678 words)

	Ruthenia
		Ruthenia is the old name for the Eastern Slavonic countries known today as: Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.
		After the feudal fragmentation of Ruthenia into several duchies, most of them were subjugated by Grand Duchy of Lithuania, later in personal union with the Kingdom of Poland to form the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (The Commonwealth of the Two Nations).
		Ruthenia or Carpato-Ruthenia or Carpatho-Ukraine is the name of a region in Central Europe comprising the southern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/r/ru/ruthenia.html (256 words)

	Carpathian Ruthenia - Definition, explanation
		Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukrainian Карпатська Русь, Karpats'ka Rus') or Carpatho-Ukraine or Carpathian Ukraine is a name for a small part of Central Europe that was a part of the Hungarian kingdom (since 1526 under Habsburg rule).
		Following separation of Carpathian Ruthenia from Hungary, the Hungarian population decreased slightly; the Hungarian census of 1910 shows 185,433, the Czechoslovak census of 1921 shows 111,052, but much of this difference presumably reflects differences in methodology and definitions rather than such a large decline in the region's ethnic Hungarian (Magyar) or Hungarian-speaking population.
		As a result of war losses, emigration and extermination of Hungarian-speaking Jews, the Hungarian-speaking population of Carpathian Ruthenia decreased to from 161,000 in 1941 (Hungarian census) to 66,000 in 1947 (Soviet census); the low 1947 number is doubtless in part a result of Hungarians' fear to declare their true nationality.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/c/ca/carpathian_ruthenia.php (1035 words)

	Mongol invasion of Russia
		In 1223 an army from Kievan Rus', together with a force of Turkic Polovtsians (Cumans), faced a Mongol raiding party at the Kalka River.
		The influence of the Mongol invasion on the territories of Kievan Rus' was uneven.
		But most historians agree that Kievan Rus' was not a homogeneous political, cultural, or ethnic entity and that the Mongols merely accelerated a fragmentation that had begun before the invasion.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/m/mo/mongol_invasion_of_russia.html (453 words)

	Ruthenia - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Due to the continuous political instability of this territory, the term Ruthenia may mean significantly different things, depending on who applies this term, when, why and to which period.
		Later, one of the daughter-principalities of Vladimir-Suzdal, the Moscow principality took control of most of the northern principalities of Rus, and continued the use of the word, "Rus'," to cover the expanded state.
		The territories of Halych-Volynia in the south fell under Catholic Lithuanian and Polish influence, and therefore were usually denoted by the Latin Ruthenia, because the Pope preferred this spelling.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Ruthenia (1107 words)

	The Ultimate Ukraine - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Kievan Rus', the root of the term "Rus'ki" (today 'Russians'), declined during the Mongol invasion.
		Kievan Rus' became weakened by internal quarrels and was destroyed by Mongol and Tatar invasions.
		On Ukrainian territory (Rus' in the narrow sense), the state of Kievan Rus' was succeeded by the principalities of Halych and Volodymyr-Volynskyi, which were merged into the state of Halych-Volynia.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Ukraine (2362 words)

	Clinton Goveas :: Wikipedia Reference
		From at least the ninth century, the territory of present-day Ukraine was a centre of medieval East Slavic civilization forming the state of Kievan Rus, and for the following several centuries the territory was divided between a number of regional powers.
		On the Ukrainian territory, the state of Kievan Rus' was succeeded by the principalities of Halych and Volodymyr-Volynskyi, which were merged into the state of Halych-Volynia.
		In the mid-fourteenth century it was subjugated by Casimir IV of Poland while the heartland of Rus', including Kiev, fell under the Gediminids of Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
	www.clintongoveas.com /wikipedia/?title=Ukraine (6375 words)

	Ukraine Europe Regional (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Ukraine was the center of the first Slavic state, Kievan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe.
		Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kievan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		Kievan Rus' was founded by Varangians, Scandanavian tribes from present-day Sweden.
	infotut.com /reference/Regional/Europe/Ukraine (1963 words)

	Wydarzenia. Opinie. - Discussion an Ukrainian Culture
		Mychajło Kirsenko: The official point of view propagated by the Russian Empire and later on by the USSR was that Kievan Ruthenia was the predecessor of three nations — the Russians, Ukrainians and Belorussians.
		There was Kievan Ruthenia, the period of Chmielnicki and the Cossacks in the 17th century and then the 20th century — and between all these periods we didn’t have our own state.
		I really doubt whether Kievan Ruthenia was at all present in Ukrainian culture up until the 19th century, and if it was seen as part of its national culture.
	www.znak.com.pl /eurodialog/ed/wydarzenia/kultura_ukr.html.en (6944 words)

	Ruthenia - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Ruthenia or Rus is an old name applied to parts of the Eastern Europe which was the domain of Eastern Slavonic peoples, as well as to various states, duchies, etc. existed in this territory in old times.
		There were serious attempts to change this union into the Commonwealth of the Three Nations: Poland, Lithuania (including Belarus) and Ruthenia Ukraine (Duchy of Ruthenia).
		The fragmentation of Kievan Rus'and its subjugation to external empires was basis for split of Ruthenians into three separate nations.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Ruthenia (401 words)

	Wikinfo \| Golden Horde
		Jochi was the eldest, but he was already dead and his paternity was in doubt, so his son, Batu, was given the most distant lands trodden by the Mongol hoof, then southern Ruthenia.
		All of Kievan Rus except Novgorod was captured, and even Novgorod under Alexander Nevsky acknowledged the Khan's supremacy.
		Unlike the central Asian steppe Ruthenia was not incorporated into the Golden Horde, but was an independent vassal state paying tribute to the Khan.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Golden_Horde (676 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Etymology of Rus and derivatives
		Ruthenia, first documented in the early twelfth-century Augsburg annals, was a Latin form preferred by the Papal chancellery (see Ruthenia for more information).
		In modern English historiography, Kievan Rus is the most common name for the ancient East Slavic state (often retaining the pedantically-correct apostrophe in Rus’, a transliteration of the soft sign, ь) followed by Kievan Russia, Ancient Russian state, and, extremely rarely, Kievan Ruthenia.
		The doubling of the s can occasionally be found as far back as the Kievan Rus, however the one-s variant was prevalent until the 17th century; for example, the 16th century correspondence between Ivan the Terrible and Prince Kurbsky constantly uses the one-s spelling.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Etymology_of_Rus_and_derivatives (2447 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Kievan Rus' was founded by Varangians, Scandanavian tribes from present-day
		Kievan Rus', the root of the term "Rus'ki", declined during the
		On Ukrainian territory, the state of Kievan Rus' was succeeded by the principalities of Halych and
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Ukraine.html (2122 words)

	RéGUAS DE KIEVAN RUS' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Em seguida esse período Kievan Rus quebra-se em um número de estados menores que contestaram para o throne de Kiev.
		Kievan Rus foi destruído finalmente pelos mongols em 1240, mas a linha de Riurikovich persistiu e continuou a governar principalities russian do norte até o décimo séptimo século adiantado.
		As réguas de Kievan Rus prenderam os títulos Knyaz e um Velikiy mais atrasado Kniaz, traduzido tradicional como o duque e o duque grande, respectivamente.
	www.faktoport.com /wiki/pt/r%E9/R%E9guas%20de%20Kievan%20Rus.htm (274 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		People speaking East Slavic dialects were known from 9th century as Rus (also referred to as ancient Russians or Ruthenians).
		In 1299, in the wake of the Mongol invasion, the metropolitan moved from Kyiv to the city of Vladimir, and Vladimir-Suzdalâ² replaced Kyiv as a religious center for the northern regions.
		Kievan Rus', although sparsely populated compared to Western Europe [3], was not only the largest contemporary European state in terms of area but also one of the most culturally advanced.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Kievan_Rus (2857 words)

	History of Ukraine
		In the 11th century, Kievan Rus' was, geographically, the largest state in Europe.
		Later, an enduring part of the Ukrainian legal tradition was set down by the Kievan ruler, Yaroslav, who promulgated the Russkaya Pravda (Ruthenian Truth) which endured through the Lithuanian period of Rus'.
		Conflict among the various principalities of Rus', in spite of the efforts of Grand Prince Vladimir Monomakh, led to decline, beginning in the 12th century.
	www.stranslation.com /Ukrainian_Translation/history_of_ukraine.htm (2199 words)

	International Disintegration and Foreign Penetration
		The Kievan State was once more cut off from that sea, and the various principalities of the south suffered from repeated invasions.
		Equally important was the fact that amidst all the dynastic troubles of the Kievan State, the rich commercial city of Novgorod succeeded in gaining an exceptional autonomous position.
		This was to a large extent the result of an unbroken continuity of ecclesiastical organization, under the distant but respected authority of Byzantium, and particularly of the decision made around 1300 by the metropolitan of Kiev to transfer his residence to Vladimir, whence it was moved in 1326 to the promising center of Moscow.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /wooton/34/halecki/5.htm (8351 words)

	National and Ethnic - Belarus and Ukraine
		The University of Kyiv-Mohyla (or Kievan Mohyla) Academy.
		Czechoslovakia - The Emergence of Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Carpatho- Ukraine).
		Czechoslovakia - Soviet Annexation of Carpatho-Ukraine (Subcarpathian Ruthenia).
	learning.lib.vt.edu /slav/nat_ethnic_bela_ukr.html (1138 words)

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