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Topic: Kikongo language

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	Contact Languages in the Bantu Area
		Nonetheless, in both cases an indigenous language was adopted by exogenous populations who were kept on the margins and precluded by the circumstances of their immigration from participating in the regular lives of the natives.
		Many of their speakers are educated and experience the normal challenges of language contact in diglossic situations in which it is tolerated to mix the lower language with elements from the higher language, viz., English, French, or another European language, depending on the country.
		According to this, an exogenous language was appropriated by the local populations and others as a lingua franca and/or a vernacular and was restructured in the process.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /faculty/mufwene/mufw_bantucon.html (6659 words)

	Kongo language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kongo or Kikongo is the Bantu language spoken by the Kongo people living in the tropical forests of Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo and Angola.
		For this reason, Kikongo still survives to a limited extent in San Salvador and Cuba, and is one of the sources of the Gullah peoples language.
		Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kikongo_language (211 words)

	Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology - AO Angola, Angola, Angola - Sprache, Langue, Language
		ethnologue - !Kung - Language of AO (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=knw
		ethnologue - Congo - Language of AO (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kng
		ethnologue - Congo - Language of AO (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=kwy
	www.wortherkunft.de /~e/a_/ao-sprach.html (2504 words)

	El Rincon Bantu
		That dialect is a vehicular language, not unlike Lingala, but instead of being based upon the older Bangala of upriver Congo, Kituba is based upon a dialectic form of Kikongo with a simplified grammar and a healthy dose of loan words from (depending on the locale) Portuguese or French.
		I've read somewhere that the Palo vocabulary is from Kikongo, but it seems strange to me, since Kikongo is a recently born language, born from the necessity to have a "vehicular" language in one of the Kongo Republics (I can't remember which).
		You are confusing Kikongo, of which there are a number of dialects and which is spoken as a native language in Congo Kinshasha, Congo Brazzaville, Angola and some areas of Gabon near Cabinda.
	www.inquiceweb.com /IWboard/messages/4/1619.html?1137643607 (561 words)

	Fehderau, Harold W. (1932-1997) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		His keen interest in languages led to his studying all the languages that were offered while in high school.
		From 1954-1957 he taught modern languages at Tabor College, Hillsboro, Kansas, while pursuing an M.A. in German Language and Literature with a minor in Linguistics from the University of Colorado, which he completed in 1958.
		During their first year, living in a village in the Lower Congo learning the tribal language of Kikongo, they experienced the upheavals of the country's struggle for independence in the summer of 1960.
	www.gameo.org /encyclopedia/contents/F45.html (711 words)

	Fehderau, Harold W. (1932-1997) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		His keen interest in languages led to his studying all the languages that were offered while in high school.
		From 1954-1957 he taught modern languages at Tabor College, Hillsboro, Kansas, while pursuing an M.A. in German Language and Literature with a minor in Linguistics from the University of Colorado, which he completed in 1958.
		During their first year, living in a village in the Lower Congo learning the tribal language of Kikongo, they experienced the upheavals of the country's struggle for independence in the summer of 1960.
	www.mhsc.ca /encyclopedia/contents/F45.html (711 words)

	Kongo
		Language: The heart language of the Kongo is a Bantu language, characterized by the use of prefixes as indicators of classes of nouns.
		Following this pattern, the word for their language is Kikongo, the ki indicating language of.
		Catholicism mainly from the Portuguese colonists is by far the strongest Christian influence the Kongo have received, with its primary influences being felt in the 19th and 20th centuries.
	cesa.imb.org /peoplegroups/Kongo.htm (1178 words)

	abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		These processes affect the lexicon of all languages, but the extent to which they are evidenced in creolized languages suggests that they are accelerated by restructuring.
		Though some of these suffixes can still be found in the creolized language, the verbs with such suffixes have the same meaning as the verbs devoid of them, for example: Wáli à yéngè (yèngèrè) fùkù The woman has sifted flour.
		The source language kikongo has the same kind of syntagme but the original paradigm preserves all the necessary concords, for exemple: mwa:na mwa mbote /child/det./goodness "good child" (cl.1) and ba:na ba bibote - plural (cl.2).
	www.ohiou.edu /alta/khabi.htm (675 words)

	Hindi Translation Service - English to Hindi Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Some estimates, put the total number of native speakers at about 500 million and the total number of people who understand the language may be as high as 800 million.
		Hindi is the national language of India and is spoken by almost half a billion people in India and throughout the world and is the worldâs second most spoken language.
		Languages and dialects in the Western Hindi group are Hindustani, Haryanvi, Braj Bhasha, Kanauji, Bundeli; see separate entries.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/hindi_translation.shtml (519 words)

	Read about Kongo language at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Kongo language and learn about Kongo language here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Kongo or Kikongo is the Bantu language spoken by the Kongo people living in the tropical forests of
		For this reason, Kikongo still survives to a limited extent in San Salvador and
		Cuba, and is one of the sources of the Gullah peoples language.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Kikongo (170 words)

	Matadi -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Matadi is a port in the (A republic in central Africa; achieved independence from Belgium in 1960) Democratic Republic of the Congo and the capital of the province (Click link for more info and facts about Bas-Congo) Bas-Congo.
		The word Matadi means stone in the local (Click link for more info and facts about Kikongo) Kikongo language.
		The town is built on steep hills and there is local saying that to live in Matadi, you must know the verbs "to go up", "to go down" and "to sweat".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/matadi.htm (234 words)

	I love U in all languages..
		Dusun -> language spoken by the Dusun tribe, one of the largest in North Borneo Dutch -> language spoken in the Netherlands and the provinces of East- and West-Flanders, Antwerp, Limburg, and Flemmish-Brabant, Belgium Esperanto -> The International Language.
		Kpele -> language spoken in Africa Lao -> language spoken in Laos and by the Laotian people living in northern Thailand Luo -> language spoken in Kenya Luxembourgish -> language spoken in Luxembourg and in the border areas in Belgium (Arlon), France (Thionville), and Germany.
		Maa -> language spoken in Africa Malayalam -> language spoken in the state of Kerala, India Maltese -> language spoken on Malta, a small independent island in the Mediterranean Sea south of Italy with around 400,000 inhabitants.
	www.mclink.it /personal/MC4491/tiamo.htm (573 words)

	Ich liebe Dich auf ....
		language spoken in the Netherlands and the provinces of East- and West-Flanders, Antwerp, Limburg, and Flemmish-Brabant, Belgium
		language spoken in Luxembourg and in the border areas in Belgium (Arlon), France (Thionville), and Germany.
		language spoken in the Vdrmland(Vaermland), Sweden, region north of Lake Vdnern.The real Vdrmldndska language is spoken to the northwest of Lake Vdnern up to the border of Norway and in northern Vdrmland around the town of Torsby by about 270,000 people, 90,000 of which consider it to be their mother language.
	members.aon.at /robert.ebner/liebesgedichte/countries.htm (1075 words)

	[No title]
		Creole languages and cultures are most often associated with a legacy of slavery, which produced the harsh and disruptive conditions necessary for their formation.
		On the other hand, Mende and West Atlantic languages found to the north of the Kwa regions, as well as Central African languages to the south, are often tonal, but not "tonemic," that is, words cannot be distinguished on the basis of pitch, but pitch still forms an aspect of correct pronunciation.
		Kwa languages are spoken from the Ibo region of Eastern Nigeria to the westernmost area of present-day Ghana.
	way.net /creole/drumsandpower.html (10882 words)

	Translation Services Company - Translation Quotes Available Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Applied Language fund raising for Barnardoâs in Huddersfield
		Applied Language Solutions started in October 2003 and has grown from one man Gavin Wheeldon to over 60 employees.
		We want you to become part of the team and start your way to a fantastic career and benefits as a Applied Language member of staff.
	www.appliedlanguage.com (453 words)

	Kongo (Kituba) Language Page - Handbook of African Language Resources (ASC)(MSU)
		Kongo is a literary language and a language vehicular (known as Kituba) used throughout this area of Africa.
		Kikongo is heard on La Voix de la Révolution (Congo) and La Voix du Zaïre.
		Because of Kikongo's mutual intelligibility and the existence of a standard orthography, only one set of materials would be necessary.
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/Kongo_root.html (230 words)

	Latin Translation Service - English to Latin Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Latin is unlike most of the languages we translate, in that it’s an extinct language.
		Over 50% of English language, in common use, is taken, directly or indirectly, from the Latin language.
		The Romance languages are directly descended from Latin, and many words adapted from Latin are found in other modern languages.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/latin_translation.shtml (421 words)

	Spanish Translation Service - English to Spanish Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		To ensure our translators keep abreast of the language our Spanish translators live in-county and translate into their mother tongue.
		Professional translators whose native language is English and speak fluent Spanish perform our Spanish to English translation.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/spanish_translation.shtml (523 words)

	Congo Quiz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Language used in the provinces of Bandundu and Bas-Congo:
		Language of Oriental, South and North Kivus, Maniema and Katanga:
		Language of Equateur and primary language used in Kinshasa:
	www.congo-pages.org /katart/congoquiz.htm (161 words)

	CULTURE OF ANGOLA / CULTURE / Embassy of Angola
		The Mbundu are concentrated in the capital, Luanda, and in the central and northern areas and speak Kimbundu.
		The Bakongo speak variants of the Kikongo language and also live in the north, spanning the borders with Congo and the Congo Republic.
		Portuguese is the country’s official language, and the majority of Angolans are Roman Catholics.
	www.angolaembassy.hu /index.php?lang=en (902 words)

	Lingala language resources
		...is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories...
		Lingala Bible Lingala is one of the languages of Democratic Republic of Congo (Africa).
		Lingala is a Bantu language spoken throughout the northwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) and a large part of the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), as well as to some degree in Angola and the Central African Republic.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Lingala.html (1204 words)

	The Pride Newspaper-- Features--On Campus: Cuban Magic takes hold of CSUSM
		His lecture began by narrating the origins of the Palo Monte religion, tracing it back to the lower Congo region of Africa and the Kikongo language.
		Schwegler’s research sheds light on the fact that Palo Monte was actually derived from the single language of Kikongo.
		The language now used in religious practice is heavily restructured, and mixes standard traditional Spanish with the Kikongo language.
	www.csusm.edu /cwis/pride/franks_cuban.htm (528 words)

	#F# "I love you" in various languages
		Dhivehi -> language spoken in the Maldives and in the Minicoy Island of India Dusun -> language spoken by the Dusun tribe, one of the largest in North Borneo Dutch -> language spoken in the Netherlands and the provinces of East- and West-Flanders, Antwerp, Limburg, and Flemmish-Brabant, Belgium Esperanto -> The International Language.
		Kpele -> language spoken in Africa Lao -> language spoken in Laos and by the Laotian people living in northern Thailand Luo -> language spoken in Kenya Luxembourgish -> language spoken in Luxembourg and in the border areas in Belgium (Arlon), France (Thionville), and Germany.
		Tugen is a subordinated tribe of the Kalinjin tribe.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/romance-faq/part3/section-1.html (1129 words)

	Julio_deTavares
		Ginga’s roots are in the Kikongo language, one of the languages spoken in part of Angola today and in part of the Congo Kingdom, where the Portuguese arrived in the early fifteenth century.
		Thus, the pragmatic function that is represented by the deixis “Jogo-de-cintura”, requires an inferential scheme or frame (Tannen 1979, Goffman 1974, Batenson 1972) whose referential properties are the hips in movement and the context that is created and marked by the circumventing movements that map the implied path towards a specific goal.
		This approach yields a glimpse of the web of spaces and familiarities that bear out another hypothesis, that everyday life is not a pre-determined given context; it occurs and transforms itself through body action and affections smoothly navigated under the motivation of soothing rhythms of life.
	www.utexas.edu /coc/cms/International_House_of_Gestures/Conferences/Proceedings/Contributions/deTavares/deTavares.html (3130 words)

	Faculty Lecture Series - Armin Schwegler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For example, the four general areas are divided by the different languages spoken in each one, aside from Spanish.
		The origins of the Palenqueros is mostly from where Kikongo is spoken (Congo, Angola); therefore, their linguistic origins are from Kikongo + other African languages and a pidgin or Creole with a Portuguese base.
		The language, known as "habla bantu" or "palo monte", is used in religious practices, somewhat akin to "Voodoo" (wild stuff!).
	spirit.dos.uci.edu /sdp/lecture-armin.htm (911 words)

	Kikongo Translation Service - English to Kikongo Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		You probably don't speak Kikongo yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		Other languages of the Kongo group are sometimes regarded as dialects of Kongo (see separate entries for Beembe, Doondo, Kunyi, Vili, Monokutuba, and Kituba).
		In Angola Ndingi and Mboka may be separate languages.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/kikongo_translation.shtml (521 words)

	Hebrew translation you can trust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Hebrew is one of the world's oldest languages, spoken and written today in much the same way as it was more than two thousand years ago.
		After ceasing to exist as a spoken language about 250 B.C., it was reborn as a modern language in the 19th century, and today it is the principal language of the State of Israel.
		Hebrew gradually came into use among the Jewish settlers in Palestine and became the official language of the State of Israel when that nation was created in 1948.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/hebrew_translation.shtml (436 words)

	Translating Simplified Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		However, if the translation needs to be colloquial - for instance, translating a training handbook for salesmen - the process becomes more complex, because the language habits of different regions have to be taken into consideration.
		To ensure our translators keep abreast of the language our Simplified Chinese translators live in-county and translate into their mother tongue.
		But as with most other languages Chinese has itâs own cultural issues so there are always more considerations than just the language and style of copy.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/simplified_chinese_translation.shtml (852 words)

	American Dialect Society
		Language and law; meaning and change of meaning in American English words, particularly terms of abuse and taboo words; American social and regional dialects; American English in general.
		Ecology of language evolution, especially regarding language diversification, language birth, and language death.
		Sali is currenctly conducting research on colonization, globalization, and language, including (English) creoles, indigenized Englishes, and contact languages of central Africa (especially Lingala and Kikongo-Kituba), from which he extrapolates to other languages.
	www.americandialect.org /index.php/amerdial/media_contacts (1378 words)

	African Languages by Countries :: Official and national Languages of Africa
		Native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population.
		Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread).
		Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/african_languages.htm (572 words)

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