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	Kilij Arslan II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kilij Arslan II claimed to descend from one of the daughters of Velikiy Kniaz Svyatoslav Yaroslavich \ Svyatoslav II of Kiev.
		Kilij Arslan was able to drive Manuel's army into a valley near Myriokephalon, and although Manuel's force was not totally annihilated, the sultan forced the emperor to dismantle his fortifications along the frontier.
		Despite Kilij Arslan's alliance with Saladin he was unable to stop the armies of the Third Crusade, but the remnants of the German army were in any case destroyed by the Turks after the death of Frederick Barbarossa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kilij_Arslan_II (363 words)

	Battle of Myriokephalon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1175 the peace fell apart when Kilij Arslan refused to return territory he had conquered from their common enemy the Danishmends.
		Arslan harassed the Byzantine army in order to force it into the Meander valley, and specifically the mountain pass near the fortress of Myriokephalon.
		Arslan may have had about the same number of troops, but the exact number is unknown.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Myriokephalon (742 words)

	SELJUKS - LoveToKnow Article on SELJUKS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Kilij Arslan took possession of Mosul in 1107, and declared himself independent of the Seljflks of Irak; but in the same year he was drowned in the Khaboras through the treachery of his own amirs, and the dynasty seemed again destined to decay, as his sons were in the power of his enemies.
		Nevertheless the Seljkian dominion was petty and unimportant and did not rise to significance till his son and successor, Kilij Arslan II., had subdued the Danishmands and appropriated their possessions, though he thereby risked the wrath of the powerful atabeg of Syria, Nureddin, and afterwards that of Saladin.
		Kilij Arslan lived two years longer, finally under the protection of his youngest son, Kaikhosrau, who held the capital after him (till 1199) until his elder brother, Rukneddin Suleiman, after having vanquished his other brothers, ascended the throne and obliged Kaikhosrau to seek refuge at the Greek emperors court.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SE/SELJUKS.htm (4197 words)

	Kilij Arslan II -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1173 Kilij Arslan, now at peace with the Byzantines, allied with Nur ad-Din against (A city in northern Iraq on the Tigris across from the ruins of Nineveh) Mosul.
		The peace treaty with the Byzantines lasted until 1175, when Kilij Arslan refused to hand over to Manuel recently conquered territory from the (Click link for more info and facts about Danishmends) Danishmends, although both sides had for some time been building up their fortifications and armies in preparation for a renewed war.
		Kilij Arslan was able to drive Manuel's army into a valley near (Click link for more info and facts about Myriokephalon) Myriokephalon, and although Manuel's force was not totally annihilated, the sultan forced the emperor to dismantle his fortifications along the frontier.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/k/ki/kilij_arslan_ii1.htm (238 words)

	Crusade of 1101 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, the Seljuks, under Kilij Arslan I, realizing that disunity was the cause of his inability to stop the First Crusade, had now allied with both the Danishmendids and Ridwan of Aleppo.
		As soon as William II left Constantinople, a third army arrived, led by William IX of Aquitaine, Hugh of Vermandois (one of those who had not fulfilled his vow on the First Crusade), and ; Accompanying them was, mother of Leopold III of Austria.
		The defeat of the crusade allowed Kilij Arslan to establish his capital at Konya, and also proved to the Muslim world that the crusaders were not invincible, as they appeared to be during the First Crusade.
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Crusade_of_1101 (1301 words)

	1180 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon
		Kilij Arslan II allies with Saladin after the death of Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus
		England - Henry II Curt Mantle, King of England (reigned 1154 - 1189).
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /1180.html (265 words)

	Seljuk Turks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Seljuk Turks and their descendants, the Ottoman Turks, played a major role in medieval history by creating a barrier to Europe against the Mongol invaders from the East, defending the Islamic world against Crusaders from the West, and conquering the Byzantine Empire.
		Under Alp Arslan's successor Malik Shah I and his vizier Nizam al-Mulk the Seljuk state expanded in various directions so that it bordered China in the East and the Byzantine Empire in the West.
		His brothers did not recognize his claim to the throne and Mahmud II proclaimed himself Sultan and established a capital in Baghdad.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Seljuk_Turks (447 words)

	Jere's Ars Magica Saga: Byzantine Timeline
		The Byzantine armies of Basil II overrun Macedonia and defeat the Bulgarians at Vidin.
		Hungary's Stephen II is defeated in battle by the Byzantine Emperor John II Komnenos who supports claims to the throne by Bela, blinded by the late Hungarian king Solomon.
		Roger II of Sicily seizes Kerkyra (Corfu), and plunders Corinth and Thebes.
	www.geocities.com /leucretia/bginfo/timeline.html (3719 words)

	KONIG, KARL RUDOLPH - LoveToKnow Article on KONIG, KARL RUDOLPH
		The principal ruin is thatof the palace of Kilij Arslan II., which contained a famous hail.The most important mosques are the great Tekke, which contains the tomb of the poet Mevlana Jelal ed-din Rumi, a mystic (sufi)poet, founder of the order of Mevlevi (whirling)
		In 1472 it was annexed to the Osmanli empire by Mahommed II.
		The cathedral was founded in 1303 by Elizabeth, wife of Wenceslaus II; and the church of St John, built in 1710, stands on the ruins of the old castle.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /K/KO/KONIG_KARL_RUDOLPH.htm (2506 words)

	emperors3
		He negotiated unsuccessfully with the Byzantine emperor Nicephorus II Phocas for an alliance between the Byzantine and Holy Roman empires, but was able to arrange a marriage between his son Otto II and Theophano, daughter of the Byzantine emperor Romanus II.
		Otto II (955-83), Holy Roman emperor (967-83), king of Germany (961-83), the son of Otto I, with whom he ruled jointly from 967 to 973.
		Rudolf II (1552-1612), Holy Roman emperor (1576-1612), king of Hungary (1572-1608), and king of Bohemia (1575-1611), born in Vienna, the son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/emperors3.htm (5912 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		A Sicilian army under William II of Sicily landed in 1185 on Epirus, then moved to the mainland and marched on Thessalonica.
		While she lived, she married one of her daughters to Geoffrey II Villehardouin, and her other daughter to Theodore Lascaris, who had been at peace with Byzantium since his defeats in 1211.
		Vatazes died in 1254 and was succeeded by Theodore II Lascaris.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/crusade/byzantinecru.html (6537 words)

	The First Crusade, an Overview
		After crossing the Bosphorus, their first target was Nicaea, which had fallen to the Turks 10 years previously and was now the capital of Kilij Arslan, sultan of the Seljuk Turkish state of Rhüm.
		Arslan was in the east of his country fighting the neighbouring Danishmend Emir when the crusaders attacked.
		Arslan made peace with the Danishmend and attempted to lift the siege, but in the end Nicaea surrendered to agents of the Emperor.
	www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk /firstcrusade/Overview/Overview.htm (2130 words)

	Articles - Seljuk Turks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mu'izz ad-Din Malik Shah II Ghiyath ad-Din Mehmed I Tapar (Muhammad) 1105-1118
		Arslan Shah II Turan Shah II Mehmed II (Muhammad) 1183-1187
		Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud II Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh III 1284
	www.gaple.com /articles/Seljuk_Turks (259 words)

	There (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the autumn of 1159, the Seljuk Sultan, Kilij Arslan II, attacks.
		The notable events in the campaign were the courage of the Seljuks provided by Kilij under the terms of the treaty, and fighting lasted until 1166.
		But he could not be everywhere at once, and after his treaty with Kilij Arslan he had turned his back on the region for a decade.
	www.changingthetimes.co.uk /samples/0to9/there.htm (2692 words)

	Crusaders, Greeks, and Muslims by Sanderson Beck
		Baldwin II appealed to Bohemond and Joscelin; but a dispute whether Baldwin's flag or Bohemond's should be raised first resulted in the crusaders failing to take Harran when a Turkish army arrived.
		Tancred was reconciled with Baldwin II of Edessa, and the Toulouse inheritance was divided as Bertram pledged fealty to King Baldwin.
		Raymond II of Tripoli offered his daughter Melisend in marriage to Manuel, and both were crushed when the Emperor rejected her to marry Princess Maria of Antioch.
	www.san.beck.org /AB18-Crusaders.html (21728 words)

	History: The Crusades
		Pope Urban II stayed in France until September 1096 to provide leadership and guidance for the members of the First Crusade.
		Joescelin II, the Frankish count of Edessa, took advantage of Zengi's death and tried to regain his capital, but Nur al-Din massacred the Edessan population and retook it.
		On June 24, 1203, the fleet anchored at Chalcedon, and on July 17, Constantinople was attacked from sea and land.
	www.cyberessays.com /History/8.htm (2237 words)

	chronological 1100 - 1149
		August, Battle of Heraclia: Turks under Kilij Arslan I are able to halt the advance of the final waves of Crusading armies from Europe travelling to reinforce the new Crusader States in Syria.
		Lothair (soon to be Lothair II of the Holy Roman Empire) is granted the duchy of Saxony by Henry V of the Holy Roman Empire.
		Lothair II of the Holy Roman Empire dies, and Conrad III of Germany succeeds him as king of Germany.
	www.allcrusades.com /CHRONOLOGICAL/chrono-1100-1149.html (4663 words)

	The Byzantine Empire during the Crusades (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1143 he considered an arrangement whereby King Roger II was to marry his son to Manuel's daughter, but that came to nothing.
		He himself led a large Byzantine army in 1176 against the Seljuks and Kilij Arslan II.
		His entire army was trapped in the pass of Myriokephalon and was prevented from complete destruction only because the sultan offered terms.
	crusades.boisestate.edu /byzantium/06.shtml (924 words)

	Lindner, Nomads and Ottomans
		Since, as we shall soon see, the administrative heedlessness and occasional oppression of the Byzantine rulers Michael VIII and Andronicus II had failed to rally the Bithynians of the previous generation, Orkhan had to seek elsewhere for a model and for bureaucratic manpower.
		When the sons of Kilij Arslan II, the victor of Myriocephalon, partitioned his legacy, Mesud received Eskisehir, Ankara, and points west, along with lands in Paphlagonia and the Pontus.
		A struggle for the throne ensued between Mehmet's sons, Cem and Bayezid II and this contest was in the wind as Mahmud wrote.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/readings/lindner.html (17241 words)

	First Crusade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		On November 27, 1095, in Clermont, France, Pope Urban II called for a crusade to help the Byzantines and to free the city of Jerusalem.
		They besieged Nicaea while Kilij Arslan was away (the city surrendered to Alexius), and later defeated an army commanded by Kilij Arslan at Dorlyaeum.
		Pope Urban II died on July 29, 1099, without hearing the news.
	www.umich.edu /~eng415/timeline/summaries/First_Crusade.htm (555 words)

	1079 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Abbess makes the first surviving reference to the use of hops in brewing.
		Adáele (Alix), daughter of Robert II of France
		This page was last modified 20:26, 22 Jun 2005.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/1079 (183 words)

	Kilij Arslan II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Kilij Arslan II Set home page · Bookmark site · Add search
		Kilij Arslan II ad-Din Kılıj Arslan II (also Qïlïch Arslan; died in 1192) was a Seljuk sultan of Rüm.
		Visit NewsDaily for the latest headlines from around the world.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/kilij_arslan_ii (379 words)

	Islam during the Crusades by Sanderson Beck
		In Anatolia Kilij Arslan had lost his capital at Nicaea to crusaders and retreated from Ankara; but the Seljuks held on to their fortress at Gangra and destroyed most of a crusader army at Mersivan.
		The third crusade to recapture Jerusalem was led by kings Friedrich of Germany, Philip II of France, and Richard of England.
		The daughter of Tughril II, the last Seljuk of Iraq, agreed to marry Jalal al-Din and arranged the surrender of Tabriz in 1225.
	www.san.beck.org /AB19-IslamCulture1095-1300.html (22585 words)

	Crusades - Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Emperor Manuel defeated by Kilij Arslan II at Myriocephalum; a major defeat for the Byzantine Empire.
		Mieszko III of Poland succeeded by Casimir II Jul 30
		Philip II of France marries Isabel of Hainault, heiress to Artois
	crusades.boisestate.edu /timeline/1164-1187.shtml (795 words)

	ADALIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Conquered by the Seljuks of Konia, and made the capital of the province of Tekke, it passed after their fall through many hands, including those of the Venetians and Genoese, before its final occupation by the Ottoman Turks under Murad II.
		The family of Tekke Oglu, domiciled near Perga, though reduced to submission in 1812 by Mahmud II., continued to be a rival power to the Ottoman governor till within the present generation, surviving by many years the fall of the other great Beys of Anatolia.
		The records of the Levant (Turkey) Company, which maintained an important agency here till 1825, contain curious information as to the local Dere Beys.
	simplestartpage.com /2301_ADALIA.HTML (364 words)

	Barbarian timeline and scorecard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It ceases 613 AD when again Franconia is united under Chlothar II.
		Amda Tseyson, ruler of Ethiopia, Africa; dies a hero, having constantly repelled the Muslim forces and therby increases his empire.
		Vlad the Impaler is defeated by the Ottman Sultan Muhammad II, after killing 20,000 Turks along the Danube River.
	www.mmdtkw.org /ALRItkwRom303_2BarbTimelin.html (3710 words)

	KONIA - Online Information article about KONIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)
		palace of Kilij Arslan II., which contained a famous See also:
		HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /KHA_KRI/KONIA.html (703 words)

	1176 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Richard de Clare, Anglo-Norman earl also known as "Strongbow"
		England - Henry II (reigned from 1154 to 1189)
		Sultanate of Rum - Kilij Arslan II (reigned from 1156 to 1192)
	www.northmiami.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/1176 (241 words)

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