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Topic: Kiloton

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	NTI: Securing the Bomb: Technical Background: Nuclear-Weapon Effects
		The surface explosion of a 100 kiloton weapon, as conceivably might be stolen from the arsenal of an advanced nuclear-weapon state, would produce a fireball 1 kilometer in diameter.
		The fallout contour for 100 kilotons is not proportional because at this yield we assume a thermonuclear weapon, wherein only half of the energy release comes from fission.
		Ten kilotons is used here as a typical yield to be expected from a first-generation fission weapon developed by a newly proliferating country or by a highly sophisticated terrorist group.
	www.nti.org /e_research/cnwm/overview/technical3.asp?print=true (1447 words)

	Decoupling
		For example, a 1 kiloton decoupled explosion could have a seismic signal equivalent to that of a 0.015 kiloton explosion if it is recorded at teleseismic distances.
		In 1966, the US decoupled a 0.38 kiloton explosion in an air-filled salt cavity that had been formed by a larger nuclear explosion.
		Thus even a cavity suitable for decoupling a 1 kiloton explosion would be large; that for a 5 kiloton explosion would be large enough to contain the statue of liberty and its pedestal.
	www.earthscope.org /GEO399/Decoupling.html (421 words)

	Chronological Development of Shallow Underwater Burst
		When a nuclear weapon is exploded under the surface of water, a bubble of intensely hot gases and steam is formed which will burst through the surface if the detonation occurs at a shallow depth.
		For an underwater burst at moderate (or great) depth, essentially all of the thermal radiation and much of the initial nuclear radiation is absorbed by the water.
		As the water and spray forming the column continue to descend, the base surge cloud develops, billowing upward and moving outward across the surface of the water.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /host/atomic/nukeffct/undrwtr.html (1173 words)

	Nuklir "Imut-imut", tapi Mengguncangkan - Rabu, 11 Oktober 2006
		Sementara itu, para ahli menaksir ledakan nuklir Korut berkekuatan satu kiloton atau kurang.
		Karena kecanggihan peralatan pemantau yang terpasang dewasa ini, bisa dikatakan tidak ada pihak mana pun yang bisa menyembunyikan peledakan nuklirnya.
		Jadi, kalau faktanya uji hanya menghasilkan daya satu kiloton atau kurang, bisa jadi hal itu merupakan sukses sebagian.
	www.kompas.com /kompas-cetak/0610/11/utama/3020068.htm (972 words)

	Technical Perspective on North Korea's Nuclear Test: A Conversation between Dr. Siegfried Hecker and Dr. Gi-Wook Shin - ...
		Thus, three countries have given assessments on the power of the underground explosion, ranging between 0.5 kilotons and 1 kiloton, or 500 and 1000 tons.
		By comparison, the Nagasaki bomb was approximately 20 kilotons, and the initial tests of the five major nuclear powers were all quite large, on this order.
		SH: A 1 kiloton bomb in a major metropolis, though a relatively "low-yield" nuclear device, would still be devastating and catastrophic.
	aparc.stanford.edu /news/869 (2289 words)

	Facts about Nuclear Weapons
		To understand the effects of a nuclear weapons attack, let us consider the sequence of death and devastation that unfolds when a ten kiloton range weapon is exploded at some point which we shall call ground zero.
		For nuclear weapons in the kiloton range (as in Pokhran II), the energy is divided in various forms, roughly as 50% blast, 35% thermal and 15% nuclear radiation.
		For a 15 kiloton bomb, almost everybody up to a distance of 2 km will suffer third degree burns (which damage the skin and tissues below it).
	www.isanw.org /facts/effects.html (1443 words)

	The Effects of a 300 kiloton Nuclear Warhead Detonated Above Washington, D.C. by Steven Starr, November 2005
		If you live in a large city in the U.S., Russia, or any other nation possessing nuclear weapons, there is at least one nuclear warhead aimed at you.
		The warhead has an explosive power of 300 kilotons (kT), equaling 600 million pounds of dynamite and would be detonated at an altitude of 1500 feet above its target.
		A 300 kT warhead would within a millionth of a second release 300 trillion calories of energy primarily in the form of intense light.
	www.wagingpeace.org /articles/2005/11/00_starr_effects-of-300-kiloton-detonation.htm (1291 words)

	Freedom Network - williambova.net
		Cohen said it is likely that the device was a low yield neutron bomb of approximately one-kiloton in size.
		Cohen said he estimates the size of the fireball in the pictures to be about 200 to 300 feet across.
		He believes it is a good example of what to expect from a one-kiloton, low yield neutron bomb.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~wbova/fn/gov/china_nb.htm (1549 words)

	Earth-Penetrating Weapons
		For example, exploding a 10-kiloton nuclear weapon at a depth of one meter would increase the effective yield by a factor of 20, resulting in underground damage equivalent to that of a 200-kiloton weapon exploded at the surface of the ground.
		For a penetration depth of three meters and a yield of 0.3 kilotons, the B61-11 could destroy a target buried under roughly 15 meters of hard rock or concrete.
		For the same penetration depth and the maximum yield of 340 kilotons, the destruction depth would be roughly 70 meters for a hardened target.
	www.ucsusa.org /global_security/nuclear_weapons/earthpenetrating-weapons.html (2089 words)

	Statement of Senator Dianne Feinstein - The Fiscal Year 2006 Budget Request for Nuclear Weapons
		This defunding was made possible by the leadership of Representative David Hobson, the chairman of the House Appropriations Energy Committee, who was successful, with our support, in eliminating $27.5 million in funding for this 100-kiloton nuclear bunker buster and $9 million for the advanced weapons concepts initiative.
		This is a fallacious concept of creating low yield tactical nuclear weapons, under 5 kilotons, to use on a battlefield no less.
		Given the insurmountable physics problems associated with burrowing a warhead deep into the earth, you would need a weapon with more than 100 kilotons of yield to destroy an underground target at a depth of 1,000 feet.
	feinstein.senate.gov /05speeches/cr-nuclear031605.htm (2190 words)

	HYBRIDspace: Kiloton font (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kiloton's still my personal favorite, and i like the condensed version even better.
		The name "Kiloton" was taken from a character in the comic book Marshal Law by Pat Mills and Kevin O'Neill.
		Kiloton was, of course, a rather heavy dude.
	home.luna.nl /~xino/fonts/kiloton/index.html (189 words)

	Militaryphotos.net :: Nuclear testing
		It was a balloon shot at 1500 ft. with a yield of 11 kt.
		CHARLIE a 14 kiloton device was dropped from a B-50 bomber on October 30, 1951 at Yucca Flat.
		A 19 kiloton tower shot was exploded July 16, 1945 in New Mexico.
	media.militaryphotos.net /photos/abolith (504 words)

	kiloton, kilotonnage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		One kiloton has the explosive force of 1,000 tons of TNT.
		The atomic bomb dropped Aug. 6, 1945, on Hiroshima, Japan, in the first use of the bomb as a weapon had an explosive force of 20 kilotons.
		A megaton has the force of a million tons of TNT.
	www.stthomas.edu /jour/apstyle/kiloton_kilotonnage.html (70 words)

	BlastCode - Kiloton (animated demolition) by Digimation, Inc. - Plugins and Digital Tools For Digital Artists - ...
		BlastCode Kiloton provides animators the ability to test a multitude of destruction scenarios, and quickly make adjustments to any part of the simulation.
		BlastCode Kiloton allows animators to visualize the destructive power of explosive charges, projectile impacts, shockwaves, or natural disasters.
		BlastCode Kiloton isolates animators from the technical issues of producing these kinds of effects, thus allowing them to focus on the creative and artistic aspects.
	www.pluginz.com /product/12042 (934 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Korea News - A deadly kind of fizzle
		Two months after the July test, North Korea conducted a purported nuclear-weapon test, which may not have been an obvious fizzle, but its extremely low yield of less than a kiloton of conventional explosives (it was the equivalent of about 550 tons) strongly suggests it was a dud.
		Should that happen, a bomb meant to be in the Nagasaki range (20 kilotons) may yield only about a kiloton.
		The key ingredient for a plutonium bomb does not exist in nature; it is manufactured in a nuclear reactor when atoms of uranium-238 capture loose neutrons and are converted to plutonium-239, the stuff of bombs.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Korea/HJ14Dg01.html (1128 words)

	N.Korea nuke test relatively small: scientists
		"A kiloton is a very low yield and would tend to suggest, I would have thought, that the device was not all they hoped it would be," Davies told Reuters.
		Within days it had conducted six tests, although claims related to the number, strength and yield of the tests were doubted by scientists in India and the United States.
		Pakistan said two nuclear tests had a total yield of between 34-48 kilotons, while three others were sub-kiloton.
	www.prisonplanet.com /articles/October2006/091006_b_small.htm (651 words)

	CISAC's Hecker speaks on PBS NewsHour about North Korea nuclear test - CISAC
		But what we know at this time is that the estimates from the scientific stations close to North Korea would peg this at perhaps half-a-kiloton to one-kiloton yield, in which case I would certainly put it into the realm of a real nuclear explosion, although quite of low yield.
		At the half- to one-kiloton, that would not be that unusual a variation.
		And so it would not be surprising that scientists would differ, and so I would expect scientists to compare their notes, analyze the seismic signal, use their models to make a yield prediction.
	cisac.stanford.edu /news/879 (1030 words)

	Sweeping the skies \| thebulletin.org
		In addition, a small nuclear device, perhaps with the yield of one of the old artillery-fired atomic projectiles in the range of 1 kiloton, would cause no measurable electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on Earth, so it would not harm electronics and would not damage satellites with radiation or radioactive debris.
		By definition, 1 kiloton is the release of 1 trillion calories of energy.
		In a vacuum, roughly 85 percent of the nuclear yield appears in the form of X-rays.
	www.thebulletin.org /article.php?art_ofn=nd03zimmerman (2757 words)

	Kiloton e Megaton
		Ad ogni modo 1 Kiloton = 1.000 tonnellate di tritolo.
		Cioè una bomba da 1 Kiloton ha una potenza esplosiva equivalente ad un pesante ordigno di 1.000 tonnellate di tritolo.
		La bomba esplosa ad Hiroshima era di 12 Kiloton, equivalente cioè all'esplosione simultanea di 12.000 di queste bombe.
	www.geocities.com /scannapuerci/Kiloton.htm (159 words)

	France says North Korean blast 'about half a kiloton' - iht,europe,France Koreas Nuclear - Europe - International ...
		PARIS France increased its estimate of the blast Monday in North Korea to 1 kiloton or less, but experts still have not confirmed that the explosion was nuclear.
		Defense Minister Michele Alliot-Marie said earlier Monday that the blast measured about a half a kiloton.
		Her information, from the Atomic Energy Commission, was later updated to increase the explosion's estimated strength.
	www.iht.com /articles/ap/2006/10/09/europe/EU_GEN_France_Koreas_Nuclear.php (188 words)

	Port Threat: One tidy 10-Kiloton nuke at California Connected Newsroom
		10 Kilotons is about 1/2 the size of what was used on the city of Nagasaki.
		The nuclear device weighed 131 pounds, with a radioactive debris cloud that rose to 40,000 ft. Yet devices can be made much smaller say in the 1-4 kiloton range.
		As little as 2.2 pounds of uranium 235 is need to obtain an energy release of 17 kilotons.
	www.californiaconnected.org /newsroom/?p=172 (478 words)

	One Kiloton? Fifteen? (Temporarily Assigned to Planet Earth)
		The French say the North Korean nuke was about one kiloton.
		The difference between one kiloton and fifteen isn't just an indication of the size of the weapon the North Koreans detonated; it's an indication of their success.
		Many more can be found on the main index page or by looking through the archives.
	llandryn.net /blog/2006/10/one_kiloton_fifteen.html (273 words)

	New Zealand's source for World News on Stuff.co.nz
		Gary Gibson, senior seismologist at Australia's Seismology Research Centre, said a 4.2 magnitude quake would be the result of a one kiloton explosion.
		"A kiloton is a very low yield and would tend to suggest, I would have thought, that the device was not all they hoped it would be," Davies said.
		The United States has said it is interested in developing so-called "mini nukes" nuclear weapons with a yield of less of than five kilotons.
	www.stuff.co.nz /stuff/0,2106,3823422a12,00.html (734 words)

	Nuclear weapon yield - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In addition to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the first nuclear test of a given weapon type for a country is included, and tests which were otherwise notable (such as the largest test ever).
		All yields (explosive power) are given in their estimated energy equivalents in kilotons of TNT (see megaton).
		Yields of nuclear explosions can be very hard to calculate, even using numbers as rough as in the kiloton or megaton range (much less down to the resolution of individual terajoules).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_weapon_yield (1635 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Our 14 kiloton "Carpe Non" is a great utility WMD for beginners and slow learners.
		Exquisite craftsmanship makes the 23 kiloton "Aspen Shower" a joy to work with, and a fine addition to any living room.
		The 32 kiloton "Smoker" is last year's model, but still fully functional.
	www.alkider.com (411 words)

	The May 1998 Pokhran Tests -Scientific Aspects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The two-stage thermonuclear device, with a fusion-boosted fission trigger as the first stage and with the features needed for integration with delivery vehicles, was tested at the controlled yield of 45 kt and had the purpose of developing nuclear weapons with yields upto around 200 kilotons.
		less than one kiloton) test with an accurately predicted yield is more difficult than the test of a standard fission device.
		In devices designed specially for PNE excavation applications, the fission trigger yield is minimised and the same is done in the low yield (in the region of one kiloton) battlefield weapon called the Enhanced Radiation Weapon or, in popular parlance, the neutron bomb.
	www.saag.org /papers5/paper451.html (4992 words)

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