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	KILWA - LoveToKnow Article on KILWA
		Kilwa Kivinje, on the northern side of Kilwa Bay, is regularly laid out, the houses in the European quarter being large and substantial.
		Kilwa is a starting-point for caravans to Lake Nyasa.
		Fragments of palaces and mosques in carved limestone exist, and on the beach are the remains of a lighthouse.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /K/KI/KILWA.htm (545 words)

	Old World Contacts/Merchants & Traders/Kilwa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Kilwa derived its prosperity from its monopoly of the flow of goods in and out of the Zambezi River region in the southern African interior.
		Kilwa's ruler maintained a mint that produced coins in several foreign denominations, and exacted stiff tariffs from visiting Arab and Indian traders.
		Kilwa's Muslim ruler styled himself a sultan, and many of the city's rich African-born businessmen claimed descent from aristocratic Persian and Arab families to enhance their local status.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/oldwrld/merchants/kilwa.html (374 words)

	Kilwa Safari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Kilwa Kiswani is a small island across the water from Kilwa Masoko in South-Eastern Tanzania.
		Kilwa has been habited since the beginning of the 9th century and reached its peak in the 13th and 14th century.
		Kilwa Kisiwani grew rapidly due to the slave trade and in the late 18th century came under Oman's control.
	www.kilwa-safari.com /ks/kilwaRuins.asp (248 words)

	Kilwa Kisiwani - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kilwa Kisiwani is an Islamic community on an island off the coast of East Africa, in present day Tanzania.
		In the 9th century it was sold to a trader Ali bin Al-Hasan and over the following centuries it grew to be a major city and trading centre along that coast, and inland as far as Zimbabwe.
		By the 13th century, under the rule of the Mahdali family, Kilwa had become the most powerful city on the East African coast, and its influence stretched as far south as Mozambique.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kilwa (292 words)

	Kilwa
		Trade was such that it was not unreasonable for the officials in Kilwa to mint coins in several foreign currencies, and there was plenty of gold arriving from Mozambique to accomplish this.
		Kilwa was a forgotten city-state for 300 years when Europeans began to fight over it as a military base.
		Fieldwork on Kilwa was done on the Portuguese fort and Malindi, a mosque that had been built in the fourteenth century.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/africa/kilwa_kisiwani.htm (654 words)

	Tanzania Tourism - Cities in Tanzania
		Kilwa Kivinje (Kilwa of the Censuarina Trees) was a major 19th century slave trading centre, while Kilwa Masoko (Kilwa of the market) is a regional headquarters.
		The Kilwas were at their height during the 12th century and continued until the 1800s, ending with the abolition of the slave trade.
		Kilwa Kivinje was the terminus of the southern caravaan route from Lake Nyasa.
	www.tanzania.org.za /cities.htm (966 words)

	::: Kilwa - AUTHENTIC TANZANIA :::
		Kilwa Masoko is the most developed town and the regional hub whilst Kilwa Kivinje and Kilwa Kisiwani have spectacular historical attractions.
		Kilwa Kisiwani is an island reached by dhow and has an amazingly well preserved collection of ruins.
		Kilwa Kivinje, was an ancient Arabian slave and ivory trading town, where caravans departed for expeditions to the interior.
	www.authentictanzania.com /kilwa.htm (438 words)

	Kilwa Kisiwani, the oldest city in east african history
		In this sense, Kilwa Kisiwani became the principle trading port on the Indian Ocean.
		By the 13th Century Kilwa had become the most powerful city on the East African Coast, exercising political and trading domination as far as Pemba Island in the north and Sofara (the modern Beira in Mozambique) in south.
		Portuguese conquered the island after one of their explorer "Pedro Alvares Cabral" visited Kilwa and reported seeing beautiful houses made of coral stones and terraces of "fl moors" as Vasco da Gama called it when he past the island.
	www.utalii.com /Off_the_normal_path/kilwa.htm (597 words)

	Tanzania’s Forgotten South Selous, Mikumi, Ruaha National Parks
		Kilwa has been habited since the beginning of the 9th century A.D. and reached its commercial peak in the 13th and 14th century A.D. Between 1331-1332, the great Arab traveler, Ibn Battouta, made a stop here and described Kilwa as one of the most beautiful cities of the known world.
		Kilwa Kiswani then grew rapidly, like Zanzibar did at the same time, due to the slave trade, and in the late 18th century both came under the control of the Sultan of Oman.
		The Kilwa ruins found on the island now include the vestiges of the great mosque, constructed in the 12th century of coral clay, the remains of the palace built by Sultan Al Hasan in 1310 and numerous smaller mosques from the 12th and 14th centuries.
	www.theculturedtraveler.com /Archives/FEB2003/Forgotten_Tanzania.htm (1631 words)

	Four Corners - 06/06/2005: The Kilwa Incident
		Tonight’s exclusive Four Corners report reveals that after an uprising last October by a small band of rebels in the town of Kilwa, Anvil provided vehicles and a plane to shuttle in troops from the 62nd brigade of the Congolese army.
		According to UN investigators, 14 of these victims were forced to kneel at the edge of a burial pit before being shot, one by one, in the back.
		A Kilwa woman tells Four Corners she found the bodies of her two sons at the mass grave.
	www.abc.net.au /4corners/content/2005/s1384238.htm (907 words)

	The Treasure Island Kilwa Off Tanzania
		Ibn Battuta left Mogadishu by sailing south towards the land of the "Sawahil" (Coasts) and the city of Kilwa, which is one of the cities of the land of Zunuj, he observed.
		Kilwa Kisiwani is famous for its ruins, and the finest and most intact of Islamic architecture.
		Kilwa Kivinje was one the southern caravan route from Lake Nyasa.
	www.buzzle.com /editorials/2-6-2005-65394.asp?viewPage=2 (612 words)

	Tanzania - ICOMOS World Report on Monuments and Sites in Danger 2001: Heritage @ Risk
		Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara are two islands, situated close to each other about 280 kilometres off the Tanzanian coast to the south of Dar es Salaam.
		Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara are, therefore, two archaeological sites of prime importance to the understanding of the Swahili culture, the Islamisation of the east coast of Africa and the extensive commerce of the mediaeval period and the modern era.
		At the Husuni Kubwa Palace, the damage to the soil caused by rainwater wash is accentuating the risks of collapse of the remaining structures on the edge of the cliff.
	www.international.icomos.org /risk/2001/tanz2001.htm (1931 words)

	Nabataea: Mafia Island
		Kilwa prospered from the gold and ivory trades, tariffs on cargoes, and as a source of pitch and resin as it is a convenient port for victualling and re-caulking ships.
		It is hard to believe that Kilwa was not already prosperous and therefore attractive to the Persians, who stepped into or complemented an economic and power vacuum, possibly because the Yemenis were itinerant trader-sailors and did not settle (4).
		Kilwa became the most prominent port in the trade of the Indian Ocean by the 14th Century, although it was in decline by the arrival of the first Europeans.
	nabataea.net /mafia.html (2015 words)

	(HIS,P) Reichstagsakten 1890/91, 8. Legislaturperiode, Volume 137, Attachment 165: Collection of Documents pertaining ...
		Kilwa was heabily fortified to the seaside, by a souble line of palisades filled with clay.
		Kilwa, by the way the largest town on the entire coast belonging to the Sultan, had, so to say, been turned into a swamp by the continuous rain.
		In Kilwa several hundred natives had returned; the larger part of the rebels, however, was assembled several day's journeys from Kilwa.
	www.zum.de /psm/rta/vol137/rta57.php (1970 words)

	Start-Up Organisation for Fishers along the Coast of Kilwa, Lindi and Mtwara Districts in Southern Tanzania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Furthermore, there was growing competition for the fish in the richest fishing waters in Kilwa and Mozambique where the migrant fishermen's rights was contested.
		In Mtwara, Lindi and Kilwa, however, there were allegations that the police had set dynamite crews free after villagers had risked their lives to seize their boats and bring them to the police.
		Kilwa Kivinje, one of the most important landing sites, was chosen for a pilot fish market.
	srdis.ciesin.org /cases/tanzania-011.html (2826 words)

	World History Connected \| Vol. 1 No. 1\| Marc Jason Gilbert: Paper Trails: Exploring World History through Documents and ...
		Kilwa's central mosque, then the largest in East Africa, was visited in 1331 by Ibn Battuta, the famous Arab traveller, who found the island city of interest.
		Kilwa was sacked and temporarily eclipsed as an Arab trading center by the Portuguese in 1505.
		Kilwa was eventually absorbed into the Sultanate of Zanzibar (1841-1884) which controlled the lion's share of the East African trade.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/whc/1.1/gilbert.html (2330 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Tanzanian island bids for tourists
		To the untrained eye, the ruins of Husuni Kubwa palace on Kilwa Kisiwani, a small island off the southern coast of Tanzania, may seem a far from impressive array of broken walls, staircases and passages.
		The treasures of Kilwa Kisiwani include a 12th century mosque, a 15th century fort, and the 14th Century Husuni Kubwa palace, described by Mr Blanchard as an "oversized palace built by a megalomaniac sultan".
		Once-great palaces and mosques, which were built on the profits of the trade in gold and slaves, have become overgrown with tropical bush and have deteriorated almost beyond conservation.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/3649771.stm (590 words)

	The treasure that continues to resemble strong Hadramawt influence: - The beautiful Island of Kilwa - Tanzania - ...
		Kilwa and all other centers were politically independent, but spiritually and commercially linked to centers in Arabia, notably Hadramawt in Yemen.
		Kilwa Kisiwani was to become the main trading port of the Indian Ocean.
		Thus Kilwa Kisiwani, that is old Kilwa which means “on the island”, is graced with the two most magnificent medieval architectural monuments, one of which is the Great Mosque with its arched, vaulted and domed extension which was constructed in the early fourteenth century, and following collapse was rebuilt a hundred years later.
	www.yementimes.com /article.shtml?i=748&p=culture&a=1 (2170 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Dozing African civilization awakens in 21st century
		Beyond a green fringe of mangroves lies what is left of Kilwa Kisiwani – a fabled island state that once dominated the east African coast, reaching its peak during the 14th century.
		Nowadays, Kilwa's inhabitants live in houses of mud and thatch, but the ruins evoke the ghosts of a Swahili civilization that stretched from modern-day Somalia to Mozambique, mixing African and Arab peoples, languages and cultures.
		Donors are funding a $2.5 million euro ($2.80 million) project to help boost tourism on Kilwa, aiming to increase the number of visitors and skim off revenue to invest in projects run by the community.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20030917-0500-tanzania-civilization.html (806 words)

	Kilwa Safari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Kilwa Safari was created to be something different in the overland market.
		This includes the beautiful beaches of historic Kilwa in Southern Tanzania, the adventure and ruggedness of Northern Mozambique and the beauty of the country and people of “The Land of Smiles”, Malawi..
		Kilwa Safari trips are aimed at people aged 18 to 40, with a wide range of ages and backgrounds on every trip.
	www.culturaltravels.com /WebPage_Ads/Adventure/Kilwa/Kilwa.htm (270 words)

	Kilwa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		'Kilwa' is a collaborative exploration of the intersection between art, science and archaeology.
		We are hoping to further this collaboration with a return visit to Kilwa.
		During this visit we are hoping to host a series of seminars both in Dar Es Salaam and Kilwa.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /catherinewatling/kilwa.html (213 words)

	Home
		The attack on the border town of Kilwa, on the edge of Lake Mweru, prompted Australian mining company Anvil to temporarily suspend operations at its Dikulushi mine, Zambian intelligence officials and Anvil said yesterday.
		Sakeni said the Zambian government was mobilising food-stuff and tents to shelter the refugees on the tiny Kilwa island as the rain season had started in Zambia.
		But he would not say whether that meant the return of the refugees to Kilwa was imminent.
	www.polity.org.za /pol/home?show=58394 (408 words)

	WHKMLA : Portuguese Conquest of the Swahili town of Kilwa Kisiwani, 1505
		Kilwa Kisiwani in 1502 had submitted to Vasco da Gama; however, the Sultan discontinued to pay tribute.
		On July 24th 1505 the Portuguese, commanded by Francisco de Almeida, conquered the Swahili town of Kilwa Kisiwani, located on an island off the coast of modern Tanzania.
		In 1512 Kilwa was retaken by an Arab force.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/16cen/kilwa1505.html (193 words)

	Kilwa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Kilwa reached their peak during the 12th century and continued until the 1800's, ending with the abolition of the slave trade.
		The oldest is Kilwa Kisiwani, which lies on a small island.
		Kilwa Kivinje played a role in the United States history as well, since the majority of the slaves from Kilwa Kivinje went to the United States.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/africa/kilwa.html (232 words)

	Congo prepares to retake Kilwa -- World Peace Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Going by the name of the Liberation Movement for Katanga, their takeover of Kilwa prompted an evacuation of residents and mobilization of Congolese soldiers to retake the city, the BBC reported Friday.
		Kilwa is near important cobalt and copper mines.
		During the five-year civil war, which ended last year, eastern towns including Kisangani were controlled by rebels and cut off from the capital so Kabila's arrival is being anticipated with much optimism.
	www.wpherald.com /print.php?StoryID=20041015-020413-5908r (155 words)

	Kilwa Safari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Kilwa Safari uses the kitty for buying food and the occasional eating out in restaurants.
		Entrance fees to game parks are included in the trip price, as we know no one will want to miss out on these activities.
		The kitty will be collected in US$ cash or traveller cheques at the start of the trip and Kilwa Safari will pay into the kitty for company staff on the journey.
	www.kilwa-safari.com /ks/kitty.asp (132 words)

	Tanzania National Website
		For some time most of the slaves came from the Kilwa hinterland, and until the 19th century such contacts as existed between the coast and the interior were due mainly to African caravans from the interior.
		It is believed that they founded seven settlements of which Kilwa Kisiwani (the island of Kilwa, and not Kilwa Kivinje which was founded much later on the mainland) was one.
		The Imam or the elected politico-spiritual leader of Oman then claimed as his territory all the east coast of Africa north of the Rufiji River and his governors (or liwalis) were put in charge of all the towns and settlements in the area.
	www.tanzania.go.tz /history.html (6761 words)

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