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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Kimberly Bergalis
		Kimberly Bergalis (January 9, 1968–December 8, 1991) was an American woman who alleged she had contracted HIV from her dentist, David J. Acer.
		Bergalis' personal risk behavior, as well as conflicting opinions about the accuracy of the medical investigation of her HIV infection, have continued to make her case a controversial one that may never be conclusively resolved.
		Bergalis, of Fort Pierce, Florida, claimed to be a virgin and to have never taken IV drugs or received a blood transfusion.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Kimberly_Bergalis (930 words)

	"The Education of Kimberly Bergalis"
		Despite the case of Kimberly Bergalis, who contracted HIV from her dentist, there will be no hurry to create a new Centers for Disease Control category on classifying AIDS cases called "treated by an HIV-infected health-care worker," write the editors of the Washington Times.
		Bergalis was scheduled to tell her story to Rep. Henry Waxman's subcomimittee on Health and the Environment, in support of legislation mandating HIV tests for health-care workers that perform "exposure prone" procedures.
		Bergalis and her father feel Waxman's staff postponed the meeting because they are afraid to hear what she has to say.
	www.aegis.com /news/ads/1991/AD911694.html (471 words)

	State: Around the state
		FORT PIERCE -- The youngest sister of Kimberly Bergalis, who died of AIDS in 1991 at age 23 after contracting the disease from her dentist during a dental procedure, has died in a car crash.
		According to police reports, Bergalis was driving east in the westbound lane of Apalachee Parkway near Magnolia Drive at 2:42 a.m when she collided head-on with a car driven by Thomas Edward Clarke Jr., 24, of Tallahassee.
		Bergalis' father, George Bergalis, is the director of finance for the city of Fort Pierce.
	www.sptimes.com /News/111900/news_pf/State/Around_the_state_.shtml (458 words)

	Salt Lake Metro - Arts & Entertainment: Plan B's 'Patient A' Explores a Moment in AIDS History
		Patient A tells the true story of Kimberly Bergalis, who became the first confirmed case of AIDS transmission from a healthcare worker to a patient when she was exposed to the virus by her dentist in 1992.
		Bergalis was infected the same year that NBA star Magic Johnson came forward with his diagnosis, bringing about the kind of widespread media attention and research funding for which AIDS activists had been fighting for nearly a decade.
		And that, regardless of the political and social controversies of her case, is a fitting legacy for Kimberly Bergalis.
	slmetro.com /2005/21/arts01.shtml (1051 words)

	Duesberg's theory
		Kimberly Bergalis, a 22-year-old woman, developed candidiasis and a transient pneumonia 17 and 24 months, respectively, after the extraction of two molars.
		Once diagnosed for AIDS Bergalis was treated with the cytotoxic DNA chain terminator AZT, which is prescribed to inhibit HIV, until she died in December 1991 with weight loss, hair loss, uncontrollable candidiasis, anemia and muscle atophy (requiring a wheelchair) - the symptoms of chronic AZT toxicity.
		In the spring of 1989, Bergalis suffered infections, sore throats, weakness, coughing, and thrush.
	www.righto.com /theories/duesberg.html (2750 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A young woman, Kimberly Bergalis, wrote an angry letter to a health care worker, which was obtained and published by the Miami Herald.
		Bergalis described herself as suffering from AIDS and near death, and delivered a diatribe against Acer and the health officials: I blame Dr. Acer and every single one of you bastards.
		Bergalis' letter indicated that she may actually be dying of AZT poisoning rather than "AIDS": I have lived through the torturous acne that infested my face and neck, brought on by AZT.
	www.aidsinfobbs.org /articles/lauritsen/019 (4543 words)

	Duesberg on AIDS- The AIDS War
		Bergalis, 23 years old, described herself as a virgin who had never used intravenous drugs, and who was in no way responsible for her illness:
		Let's assume, for the sake of argument, that Kimberly Bergalis exists, that she is dying, and that she is HIV-positive.
		Kimberly Bergalis settled her case with the Acer estate for $1 million, an incentive for her to stop taking AZT and recover.
	www.duesberg.com /articles/jlwar.html (4514 words)

	The Net Net: ReadMe
		In 1989, a patient of his, Kimberly Bergalis, was diagnosed with AIDS.
		The Bergalis family went on to wage a bitter and very public battle for mandatory testing for all health care workers, arguing that every patient had a right to know his or her doctor's HIV status.
		The risk of provider-to-patient transmission of infectious diseases remains relevant, of course; hepatitis is highly transmissible, for example, and waiting for the next provider-to-patient transmission of HIV risks confirming the Bergalis family's claims that the government "stood by not doing a damned thing" to protect patients from infected providers.
	www.thenetnet.com /readme/fatal.html (635 words)

	AIDS Research: Health Care Workers Should Be Tested For HIV \| Opposing Viewpoints Research Topic
		In 1990, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced that a dentist with AIDS in Florida appeared to have infected five of his patients, one of whom was a twenty-two-year-old woman named Kimberly Bergalis.
		Kimberly Bergalis is certainly not the first case of HIV transmission from health care worker to patient.
		Kimberly is the first documented case utilizing DNA high te.....
	www.bookrags.com /researchtopics/aids/sub12.html (697 words)

	The Redwoods Group
		Patient A: Kimberly Bergalis was 23 when she died in 1991.
		The Fort Pierce college student was the first to suspect Acer had given her the virus, and she also was the first to go public, becoming a much-admired crusader for mandatory HIV testing of health-care workers and patients.
		Driskill sat behind Kimberly Bergalis when she addressed a House subcommittee in 1991 on a proposed mandatory HIV testing bill, but he usually avoided publicity.
	www.redwoodsgroup.com /articles-50.asp (1096 words)

	Six Original Poems by Khrysso
		To Kimberly Bergalis, a young Catholic woman who claimed to have contracted HIV from her bisexual dentist, Dr. David Acer, and who died of complications from AIDS on December 8, 1991 at the age of 23.
		Bergalis addressed in person during the last year of her life.
		Bergalis was later found, according to journalists’ investigations, probably not to have been a virgin after all...
	www.radfae.org /khrysso/6origpoems.html (651 words)

	AIDS: Deadly Confusions Compounded (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Thus New York Times columnist Anna Quindlen: "Over the last year we have witnessed the canonization of one AIDS patient, a 23-year-old woman named Kimberly Bergalis who says that she 'didn't do anything wrong.' This is code, and so is her elevation to national symbol.
		Kimberly Bergalis is a lovely white woman with no sexual history who contracted AIDS from her dentist.
		She is what some people like to call 'an innocent victim.'" (Kimberly Bergalis has since died.) To Ms.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft9202/articles/editorial.html (2352 words)

	Private grief - public debate over the requirement to test medical personnel for AIDS - editorial National Review - ...
		THERE IS a mix of womanly virtue and childlike innocence in Kimberly Bergalis that makes her approaching death of AIDS particularly moving.
		Miss Bergalis is dying because her dentist, Dr. David Acer, decided it was not his duty to inform her that he carried the virus; in due course, he infected her and four other patients.
		On the other hand, the doctor, being both exposed to the normal temptations of self-interest and depressed by knowledge of his illness, might not be in the right dispassionate frame of mind to shoulder the moral burdens of this choice on behalf of all his patients.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n13_v43/ai_11073508 (705 words)

	The Johns Hopkins News-Letter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Bergalis' death nine years ago prompted the CDC to adopt guidelines in 1991 that say HIV-infected health workers should reveal their disease to patients undergoing invasive procedures.
		But since the cases linked to Bergalis' dentist, only one and possibly two patients, both in France, have been infected by health care workers with AIDS, Gostin said.
		But Bergalis said he thinks the rights of the uninfected should be paramount and laws should be enacted to replace the existing guidelines.
	www.jhu.edu /~newslett/10-19-00/Science/5.html (1145 words)

	Stories of Those Who Believed in AZT by Peter Duesberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Kimberly Bergalis: The story began in late 1986, in the small town of Stuart on Florida's Atlantic coast.
		Bergalis denied any intravenous drug use or blood transfusions and insisted she was a virgin.
		Bergalis meanwhile sought medical care at the University of Miami, where she was treated with an unidentified "experimental" method.
	tmh.floonet.net /articles/poisoned.shtml (3937 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Plan-B to put on 'Patient A'
		The one-act drama, which runs slightly over one hour, focuses on the controversy surrounding the death of Kimberly Bergalis, who died in 1991 at the age of 23, allegedly from AIDS contracted from her dentist, Dr. David J. Acer, who was bisexual and HIV-positive.
		Blessing — who was commissioned by the Bergalis family to explore Kimberly's case and turn it into a drama — becomes part of the story himself as an observer.
		Bergalis was the first reported case of doctor-to-patient transmission of HIV.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,600160436,00.html (650 words)

	pw: philadelphia weekly online
		The inspiration for Blessing’s unique drama is the true story of Kimberly Bergalis (promising newcomer Becca Landis), a 22-year-old who contracted AIDS from her dentist.
		Instead of allowing Bergalis’ story to stand on its own, Blessing (an earnest James Needham Brown) repeatedly interrupts her tale with poetry and statistics intended to show us the larger implications.
		Patient A may be Bergalis’ story, but in the end it’s the millions who’ve perished from AIDS in anonymity that we remember.
	www.philadelphiaweekly.com /view.php?id=13170 (655 words)

	Philadelphia Inquirer \| 10/09/2006 \| A moving topic, a troubled play (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Simpatico Theatre Project's mission is to be simpatico, sympathetic to the problems of the community, and to use the stage as a "force for positive social change." Their production of Lee Blessing's play, Patient A, acknowledges the "25th anniversary of the AIDS pandemic" and looks ahead to AIDS Walk Philly 2006 on Sunday.
		The play is a variation on docu-drama, as Patient A is about a real person; Kimberly Bergalis apparently was infected with HIV by her dentist when she had two molars removed.
		She took her case to Washington to press for legislation requiring HIV testing of all health-care workers.
	www.philly.com /mld/inquirer/entertainment/weekend/15712714.htm (488 words)

	Patient A tickets - Patient A information - Philadelphia
		At 22, Kimberly Bergalis was diagnosed with HIV.
		In the 1980s, Kimberly Bergalis was infected with HIV - most likely by her dentist - and overnight became a national star, activist and statistic.
		With a delicate sense of responsibility, Blessing skillfully uses Kimberly's life as a reflection of the pain, suffering and frustration of all individuals, family and friends that are affected from AIDS in this country.
	www.theatermania.com /content/show.cfm/show/125723 (379 words)

	ToxicUniverse.com - Burkett, Elinor - 1995 - The Gravest Show on Earth: America in the Age of AIDS Books Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Burkett tells the story of Kimberly Bergalis, the young woman who supposedly got her HIV from her dentist, David Acer.
		Bergalis' vaginal opening was wide and her hymen was "irregular at 3 and 9 o'clock," conditions "consistent with sexual intercourse."...
		Two days before Kimberly Bergalis' death, the U.S. Congress failed to pass the Bergalis Patient Notification Bill, requiring healthcare workers to inform patients of their HIV status.
	www.culturedose.net /review.php?rid=10002047 (968 words)

	Links and References
		For these reasons this source was acceptable for the purposes of the legal analysis of the Kimberly Bergalis case.
		Among the depth of information is a history of how the OSHA standard was created and how the crusade of Kimberly Bergalis played a role.
		The article was a bit dated, having come out a few years after the Bergalis case though the material was all relevant.
	medicine.creighton.edu /idc135/2004/Group5a/linksandreferences.html (1097 words)

	Should health care workers be able to keep their HIV status a secret?, Curriculum Resources, Health Occupations, ...
		The death of 23-year-old Kimberly Bergalis nine years ago prompted the Center for Disease Control, CDC, to adopt guidelines in 1991 that say HIV-infected health workers should reveal their disease to patients undergoing invasive procedures.
		Today, some leading physicians and health policy experts are urging the CDC to take a second look at their policies and the human rights implications it might have on health care professionals.
		Others, like the Bergalis family, are reemphasizing the right of patients to know if their doctor or nurse is infected with the deadly virus.
	www.glencoe.com /ps/health/crArticle.php4?iCrId=2 (318 words)

	AEGiS-Miami Herald: Kimberly Bergalis Receives a Somber Hometown Farewell
		In a small cemetery on a wooded hill in the heart of coal country, the 23-year-old AIDS victim who died Sunday was laid to rest under a cascade of pink roses, white carnations and yellow chrysanthemums.
		So the nation and the world followed Bergalis through the painful stages of AIDS, as the virus transformed the vibrant young college graduate into an infirm, mute skeleton of a human being.
		The Bergalis family left Tamaqua -- an Indian word meaning land of the running waters -- for Fort Pierce in 1978, when Kimberly was in junior high.
	www.aegis.com /news/mh/1991/MH911212.html (827 words)

	Guru Ma Saintly or Sinister?
		To her followers, who have included folk singer Arlo Guthrie and the late Kimberly Bergalis, she is simply Ma.
		Kimberly Bergalis, the Fort Pierce woman who attracted national attention after contracting the AIDS virus from her dentist, was close to Cho before she died in December.
		Bergalis visited the ranch and Cho visited her at her home.
	www.kashiashram.com /pbpost/pbp_92-03-29_guru_ma.htm (4500 words)

	Simpatico Theatre Project Presents Patient A by Lee Blessing Directed by Angela S. Zuck Inspired by real events A ...
		In the 1980s, Kimberly Bergalis was most likely infected with HIV by her dentist and overnight became a national star, activist and statistic.
		To others, Kimberly was yet another case where the public was allowed to separate AIDS victims into those innocent and those deserving of their fate.
		Blessing first hand how he was able to balance the real life Kimberly Bergalis that he met with the fictional setting he placed her in.
	www.theatrealliance.org /news/2006/1001.html (1032 words)

	The Straight Dope Mailbag: Followup: did that dentist really infect his patients with AIDS?
		I read a pretty persuasive article (or heard an argument on the radio, I can't recall which) maintaining it was far more likely this dentist's patients contracted AIDS in the more traditional ways.
		Kimberly Bergalis, for instance, who became the poster girl for mandatory testing of health workers, was alleged to have been quite promiscuous.
		Four of the other five infected patients also had no obvious risk factors for HIV, and most had blood samples available from earlier medical procedures or blood donations that tested negative, establishing that they became infected after having dental procedures done by this doctor.
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/maids2.html (1442 words)

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