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	Afonso I of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Afonso I was the son of Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal and Teresa of León, the illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León.
		In 1169, Afonso was disabled in an engagement near Badajoz by a fall from his horse, and made prisoner by the soldiers of the king of León.
		Afonso married in 1146 Mafalda or Maud of Savoy (1125-1158), daughter of Amadeo III, Count of Savoy, and Mafalda of Albon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afonso_I_of_Portugal (1193 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Portuguese Monarchy - Part I
		Sancho, the surviving son of Afonso Henriques and Mafalda of Savoy, was born on the 11th November 1154.
		Born in 1185, Afonso II was married to Urraca of Castile, a granddaughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
		Born in Coimbra in 1209, Sancho married Marcia (or Mécia) Lopes of Haro, a grand-daughter of Afonso IX of Leon.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/ww2/A2851427 (2100 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Monastery of Alcobaça, Portugal
		Afonso Henriques, the son and heir of the late Count of Portugal, Henry of Burgundy, was declared King.
		Afonso Henriques decided to expand his new kingdom, and, as he did not wish to antagonise the neighbours who had recognised him, he decided to move against the Arabs, who had overrun all the Christian Visigothic lands to the south.
		Afonso Henriques died in 1185, before the abbey was finished and is buried at one of his earlier foundations, the Monastery of Santa Cruz in Coimbra.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A2466128 (2021 words)

	Quinta da Madalena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A new charter was granted in 1187 by King Afonso Henriques and confirmed by Afonso II in 1217.
		It is told that the King Duarte was born in a house of the actual King Duarte Street.
		King Duarte confirmed the realization of the Franca Fair but it was moved to the Ribeira, later called Viriato's Camp, and to the 21st of September, St. Matthews's Day.
	www.quintadamadalena.com /uk/cidade/historia.htm (742 words)

	The Jews In Portugal
		When the fist King Afonso Henriques conquered Santarém from the Moors, the Jewish population was allowed to remain, and permitted to build their first synagogue, which was not possible under Moorish rule.
		King John II had already sent many converted Jews to colonize the archipelagos of Azores, Madeira,Cabo Verde, and also to settle in the fertile island of Sâo Tomé, all of which were uninhabited.
		It was only during the reign of King Manuel I (1495-1521) on the occasion of his second marriage in 1500, due to a sine qua non condition imposed by Maria, sister of his first deceased wife Isabel, and likewise daughter of Ferdinand and Isabel of Spain, Manuel was required to purify Portugal of Jews.
	www.saudades.org /chapivjewsinport.htm (1828 words)

	Portugal - Afonso Henriques Becomes King (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		After the peace of Tuy, Afonso Henriques temporarily turned his attention to the Muslim threat in the south.
		After this battle, Afonso Henriques began to be referred to in documents as king.
		Afonso Henriques's self-proclamation as king was finally recognized in 1143 at the Conference of Samora when Alfonso VII recognized him as such, although, because he was an emperor, Alfonso VII still considered Afonso Henriques his vassal.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-10845.html (135 words)

	European Voyages of Exploration: The Portuguese Empire
		It was his son, Afonso Henriques (1128-1185), seeking independence from the Crown of Navarre, who petitioned and won from the pope the title of King of Portugal.
		King Afonso Henriques had a primitive navy that was involved in constant skirmishes with Moorish vessels in the Strait of Gibraltar.
		King João I then applied himself to the task of reinvigorating his kingdom, paramount to this was the rebuilding and expansion of the royal navy and maritime commerce.
	www.acs.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/portuguese.html (1090 words)

	Região de Turismo da Costa Azul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the XII century, Afonso Henriques bestowed Royal privileges on the independent Moors and, in 1185 gave a Royal Charter to the region.
		King D. Dinis elevated it to the category of town in 1323 and in 1423, King D. João I ordered a convent to be built for the Knights of Santiago who had transfered their seat there.
		In 1512 King D. Manuel conceded a Royal Charter on the town and, in the XX century it was integrated into the Setúbal district.
	www.costa-azul.rts.pt /iigrejas/palmela.html (869 words)

	1st portuguese king D. Afonso Henriques, near his castle photo - Dias dos Reis photos at pbase.com
		In 1128 young Afonso, who had allied himself with discontented nobles, defeated her in battle and drove her into León with Pérez (Alfonso did not, despite the popular legend, put her in chains at Guimarães).
		He began to style himself king in 1139, and in 1143, by the Treaty of Zamora, he placed his lands under papal protection and secured Castilian recognition of his title, which was confirmed (1179) by Pope Alexander III.
		Afonso's son Sancho I ascended an established throne.
	www.pbase.com /image/15822804 (241 words)

	Casa Alta Royal Lodge - "Castle of Ourém"
		His grandson, Sancho II, was an adolescent when he became king and was excommunicated by the pope and deposed in 1249 by his brother, Afonso III, who kidnapped and imprisoned his sister-in-law, Queen Dona Mercia Lopes de Haro in the tower of the castle known today as the Tower of Dona Mercia.
		The story goes that King Afonso's son and heir, Pedro, was betrothed to a Spanish princess, but fell in love with her lady-in-waiting, Ines de Castro.
		Nuno's grandson, Afonso, the fourth Count of Ourém and the first born of the House of Braganza, took a great interest in the castle and is responsible for the way we see the castle today.
	www.casaaltaroyallodge.com /castle.htm (3506 words)

	Afonso I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Afonso Henriques declared himself King in 1139, but was only confirmed in this by the Pope forty years later.
		He won a great battle against five Moslem kings, and in commemoration of this he took the device of Portugal - five shields representing the Moslem kings surrounding a cross made of five shields, showing the 30 pieces of silver for which Christ was betrayed.
		In 1160 Afonso Henriques’ daughter was betrothed to Count Ramon Berenguer of Provence, son of Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona, but the count died before the marriage.
	www.thornr.demon.co.uk /kchrist/afonso1.html (331 words)

	D. Afonso Henriques (English Version)
		Clever as he is, Afonso Henriques is aware that the Portuguese cities share cultural and ideological bonds, in addition to their desire of being free from Castile.
		Afonso Henriques expands his territories using the excuse that he is driving the Moors back to where they came from.
		Afonso Henriques, Founding Father of the Portuguese Nation, dies on December 6, 1185, in Coimbra, where he was born.
	www.vidaslusofonas.pt /afonso_henriques2.htm (4107 words)

	Medieval Spain: Lisbon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		1107-1185), first king of Portugal, was the son of Henry of Burgundy and Teresa, the illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso VI of León-Castile (1065-1109).
		By the year 1127, Afonso was beginning to exercise authority without his mother, who confronted her son with an armed group of supporters in July, 1128.
		It is not clear exactly when Afonso became aware of the fleet of northern crusaders departing for the Holy Land from the port of Dartmouth in May, 1147.
	medspains.stanford.edu /demo/lisbon/afonso.html (550 words)

	alcobaa - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The monarchy continued to endow the Monastery with further construction and 60 years later King Dinis built the main cloister but it was only in 1252 that the Monastery was inaugurated within the church.
		In the church are the tombs of King Pedro I and his murdered mistress Ins de Castro and with it the story of the tragic liaison between Pedro and his ever-lasting love for Ins.
		King Afonso IV his father, believing that the family of Ins to be a threat to his own kingdom had her murdered.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Alcobaa (930 words)

	Manor Houses of Portugal - Seia
		King Afonso II gave it a charter in 1217 and King Manuel I in 1510.
		King Afonso Henriques built a castle but not even ruins are left.
		King Manuel I elevated Seia to a county, reinforced the walls and built several churches.
	www.solaresdeportugal.pt /EN/concelho.php?concelhoid=35 (169 words)

	The Middle Ages in Chaves Portutgal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 888, in the reign of Afonso III of Leon, it was re-conquered.
		In 1253 Afonso III, king of Portugal, came to Chaves to marry Beatriz, daughter of the king of Leon and Castille, Afonso X, the Wise.
		Afonso, who was already the count of Barcelos now became the first Duke of Braganza; thus Chaves became part of the House of Braganza, to which it belonged for centuries.
	www.portcult.com /07.HIST3.MEDIEVAL.htm (1904 words)

	Documento senza titolo
		Son of Henry of Burgundy and of Teresa, king's Afonso VI of León batard, he was educated by the nobility of the district among the rivers Minho and Douro, where a strong autonomy feeling prevailed in relation to the authority of the monarchs of León.
		Afonso was an outstanding military leader, and he achieved several military successes in the struggle against the Muslims.
		Afonso Henriques used this title from 1139 on, and as the outcome of that the Condado Portucalense became kingdom of Portugal.
	www.stm.unipi.it /Clioh/lisbona.htm (1435 words)

	Região de Turismo da Costa Azul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1085, Afonso VI of Leon and Castile (maternal grandfather of King D. Afonso Henriques the first King of Portugal) conquered Toledo thus coming closer to Badajoz and Seville.
		Conquest of the Territory by the Portuguese Kings (1147-1190)
		Around the year 1200, the army of King D. Sancho I, aided by the Knights of the Order of Santiago, reconquered the castles of Almada, Palmela e Sesimbra which were in ruins and ordered their rebuilding.
	www.costa-azul.rts.pt /icastelo/islamica.html (831 words)

	Europe's 12th-Century Development by Sanderson Beck
		King Henry was supported by the church and the English, and a treaty was accepted that promised Robert 3,000 marks a year and his claim to Normandy except the Domfront fortress.
		The young king's tutor Walter Ophamil was made archbishop of Palermo; with the help of Matthew of Ajello he was able to promote the rule of King William II when he came of age.
		King Philip was negotiating a treaty when Richard died in 1199, and his French court recognized the rights of the succeeding John.
	san.beck.org /AB20-Europe12thCentury.html (23248 words)

	Região de Turismo Leiria Fátima
		Once upon a time, when King Afonso Henriques came from the north towards the south to conquer the lands from the Moors.
		King Dinis and his wife Queen Saint Isabel were in Monte Real, perhaps enjoying the water therapy that existed at that time and became nowadays th...
		Once upon a time, King D. Dinis and his wife Queen Saint Isabel were resting in the SPA of Monte Real, something they did whenever it was possible...
	www.rt-leiriafatima.pt /lendas.php?lang=UK (439 words)

	People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Afonso, a great, great, grandson of Robert II, King of France, had been given the county of Portugal by his father, Henri, Count of Burgundy.
		Afonso decided to use force and won a series of military victories.
		After a decisive his victory in 1147, Afonso Henriques fulfilled a vow to build a splendid church for the Cistercians.
	www.heritagesites.eu.com /people3/03203.htm (145 words)

	[No title]
		Underneath an octagon formed by soaring pillars is the tomb of King John and Queen Philippa, their lifelike effigies lying side by side on a high and broad sarcophagus, their crowned heads resting on tiny pillows, her hand clasped in his.
		Kings and Queens in medieval Europe and their entire court moved from one royal residence to another and stayed for several months of each year in a different place.
		Attached to the royal household was a perambulating Royal Chapel, ‘the king’s ecclesiastical bodyguard’ it could be called, whose Dean was responsible for the sacraments, liturgy and ceremonial life of the 1200 members of the court.
	www.fcsh.unl.pt /congressoceap/alice-berkeley.doc (2578 words)

	pilgrim chapter 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1249 King Afonso III conquered the Moorish Province of Algarve, establishing once and for all the boundaries of Continental Portugal as we know it today.
		Later, King John II reduced the number of the castles to seven, and we find that same number in the flag today.
		King Dinis, with shrewd maneuvering, convinced the Pope that a new military order was needed for Castro Marim, in the southeast frontier of Portugal, because the Moors from Granada posed a constant threat to the Christians.
	www.apol.net /dightonrock/pilgrim_chapter_6.htm (2714 words)

	D:\InternetPage\letter_grandson.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1147 Portugal become a Nation, led by the first King, Afonso Henriques, and that in itself is a very fascinating part of history about which many volumes were written.
		Afonso was the son of Queen Therasa, herself a daughter of the powerful king Afonso VI of Leão and Castile.
		Afonso was born a very fragile and sick child, judged at the time incapable of surviving infancy.
	ca.geocities.com /lazevedo_ca/letter_grandsons.html (1983 words)

	Obidos, Portugal - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		Obidos was given as a wedding present to the Queen and from then on became part of the dowry of all Portuguese Queens until 1834.
		She orders the construction of the Chapel of St. Vincent, later the Church of St. John, institutes in this chapel the Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit and orders the building of houses near to the chapel for the curing of the leprous.
		1527 - King John III fostered teaching in Obidos and installed the chairs of Theology and Mathematics.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /obidos.htm (493 words)

	uefa.com
		The D. Afonso Henriques stadium in Guimarães was confirmed yesterday as the first of the ten UEFA EURO 2004™ venues to be ready to host matches.
		The venue, home of Vitória SC, is a 30,000 all-seater arena that was rebuilt in the centre of the city, close to the castle where the then king, D. Afonso Henriques, officially founded Portugal in 1143.
		Madaíl said: "The FPF will honour the D. Afonso Henriques stadium for being the first stadium to be ready." Dias, meanwhile, congratulated the contractors and the stadium owner, Guimarães town hall, for respecting the time and budget restrictions agreed by all parties.
	www.uefa.com /news/newsId=78468,printer.htmx (221 words)

	lxpix - stv01.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The church and monastry of São Vincent da Fora are said to stand on the place where the armies of D. Afonso Henriques camped during the Seige of Lisbon in 1147.
		King Afonso Henriques ordered the building of a church here and even laid the first stone himself after his successful re-conquest of the city.
		Many say it was more a political statement than an act of faith by the Spanish king Philip II (Philip I of Portugal) then ruling the country.
	www.bobhay.net /lxpix/stv01.html (157 words)

	TrekEarth \| Silver Castle Photo
		In 1178 the present triangular shaped castle was founded and in 1180, Ourém received its first charter from Teresa, the daughter of King Afonso Henriques becoming for the military value of its castle one of the first municipalities of Portugal.
		It was in the XV century that D. Afonso, the fourth Count of Ourém, grandson of King John I, set up his court in Ourém (1422), gave the town's defence walls, built turrets, the ancient Collegiate Church as well as his royal palace.
		With the damages caused by the earthquake in 1755 and the Napoleon's invasions, the old town came down into the valley to the little village of Cruz, situated in the base of the hill and in the fertile land of Seiça little river.
	www.trekearth.com /gallery/Europe/Portugal/South/Santarem/Ourem/photo42016.htm (294 words)

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