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Topic: King Injo of Joseon

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	Gwanghae-gun of Joseon
		1608-1623) was the 15th king of the Joseon Dynasty[?].
		Since he realized Joseon was unable to compete with the Manchu military power, he tried to keep friendly relationship with the Manchus, while the kingdom was still under the suzerainty of Ming, which angered Ming and dogmatic Confucist Koreans.
		The Westerners faction installed Injo[?] as the 16th king and took pro-Ming and anti-Manchu policies, which brought two Manchu invasions.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/gw/Gwanghae-gun_of_Joseon.html (411 words)

	INSIDE JoongAng Daily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		As a Confucian nation, during the Joseon dynasty, the content of the king's writings was primarily that of ancestor worship and filial piety.
		The reign of King Seonjo was a period of major changes in the calligraphy of the Joseon dynasty, demonstrating the aesthetic sense of his writing style.
		King Jeongjo was also particularly keen on the art and exerted a strong influence upon the world of calligraphy during the late Joseon period.
	joongangdaily.joins.com /200609/29/200609292027307639900091009101.html (840 words)

	Korean Architecture: Donggureung Tombs
		He was the son of King Sejong, considered to be the greatest of all Joseon kings.
		The son of Choe Sukbin, a concubine of king Sukjong (19th king), Yeongjo acceded to the throne upon the death of Gyeongjong, his half brother and son of Jang Huibin.
		The tomb of King Heonjong, the 24th ruler of the Joseon dynasty, is the sole example of a tomb with three mounds enclosed inside the same wall.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /kyonggi/DONGGUREUNG.htm (922 words)

	Welcome to hamel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Although, transferring Western foreigners shipwrecked in the land of Joseon to Seoul was done on the humanitarian grounds, the Joseon government has another purpose.
		Joseon lain in ruin without a chance to heal from its scars because of Japanese invasion in 1592 and 1597 and the revolt of Lee Gwal.
		Following King Injo, King Hyojong became a king and promoted to conquer the North so as to blot out the disgrace of the late king and the Court.
	www.hamel.go.kr /en/hamel05_03.html (319 words)

	Ministry Of Culture & Tourism
		King Injo fled to Namhansanseong fortress, then capitulated to the invaders on a bank of the Hangang river.
		This personal surrender of King Injo was a double blow to the monarchy and yangban, as the nation had to acknowledge subservience to the "pagan" tribes of the Manchu.
		King Yeongjo upgraded the status of the offspring of commoners, opening another possibility for upward social mobility.
	www.mct.go.kr:8080 /english/K_about/History08.html (5914 words)

	Global Heritage Fund - Site Profile
		The private living quarters of the king and his family, Taejojon Hall was erected in 1405 and destroyed during the Japanese invasion of 1592.
		The king's residence, known as Huijongdang, is located in front of the queen's residence, Daejojon.
		It was built in 1405 during the reign of King T'aejong, destroyed by the Japanese in 1592, and rebuilt by King Injo in 1647.
	www.globalheritagefund.org /sites/apac/chang.html (1543 words)

	News \| TimesDaily.com \| TimesDaily \| Florence, AL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It is one of the "Five Grand Palaces" built by the kings of the Joseon Dynasty and because of its location east of Gyeongbok Palace, Changdeokgung is also referred to as the East Palace.
		Changdeokgung was the favored palace of many kings of the Joseon Dynasty and retained many Korean elements dating the Three Kingdoms of Korea period that were not incorporated in the more formalistic Gyeongbokgung.
		The Palace was burnt to the ground during the Japanese invasion in 1592 and reconstructed in 1609 by King Sonjo and King Kwanghaegun.
	www.timesdaily.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Changdeokgung (654 words)

	Gang Hong-rip - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gang Hong-rip was a Korean commander-in-chief during the Joseon Dynasty.
		The Korean army under command of Liu Ting lost two-thirds of his troops at Fuca and surrendered to Nurhaci.
		Frustrated with unsatisfactory reward for the coup which deposed Gwanghaegun, Yi Gwal (李适) rebelled against King Injo in 1624.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gang_Hong-rip (284 words)

	Second Manchu expedition to Korea - China-related Topics SE-SH - China-Related Topics
		Failing to escape to the island, the king took refuge in the Namhansan fortress, which was immediately besieged by the Manchu army.
		King Injo kowtowed to him and begged his forgiveness.
		King Hyojong of JoseonKing Hyojong, who lived as a hostage for seven years in Mukden, planned an unrealistic expedition to Qing called Bukbeol (北伐).
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Second_Manchu_expedition_to_Korea (717 words)

	Display Detail Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		During the succeeding Joseon dynasty, the world's longest history of a royal line (the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), was written.
		Seungjeongwon was the Secretariat to the Kings in the early Joseon dynasty, in charge of delivering the instructions of the Kings to the outside world.
		Providing in-depth description of wide areas of the Joseon dynasty from politics to society, diplomacy, culture, and the military, Seungjeongwon Ilgi was also used as source material for the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, the official historical record book of the Joseon dynasty.
	www.pennfamily.org /KSS-USA/20051209-2470.htm (419 words)

	Gang Hong-rip
		Gang Hong-rip (강홍립 ; 姜弘立) (1560-1627) was a Korean commander-in-chief during the Joseon Dynasty[?].
		Official Korean records say that Gwanghae-gun had ordered a betrayal to Nurhaci, but it is considered defamation by the Westerners faction, who deposed the king.
		Frustrated with unsatisfactory reward for the coup which Gwanghae-gun was deposed by, Yi Gwal (李适) rebelled against King Injo[?] in 1264.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ga/Gang_Hong-rip.html (234 words)

	Yun Seondo Summary
		Yun's former pupil ascended the throne as King Hyojong in 1649; however, Yun, a member of the weak Southerners faction, was prevented from being recalled.
		He was finally recalled by the King and given high office, but the powerful Westerners faction prevented Yun from assuming and active role in government.
		In 1616 he presented a memorial to the king remonstrating against corruption in the court, for which he was exiled to Kyonwon, where he is said to have written his earliest poems.
	www.bookrags.com /Yun_Seondo (965 words)

	KBS WORLD Radio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Injo proclaimed a pro-Chinese political stance, totally opposite to his predecessor’s, and purged resistant forces.
		Hugeum never liked the new Joseon king that had killed Gwanghaegun, who was favorable toward the northern kingdom.
		Joseon inevitably inked the Jeongmyo Treaty but it did not keep the promises, which brought about another attack from Hugeum that later changed its name to Qing.
	world.kbs.co.kr /english/korea/korea_click_detail.htm?No=1005 (176 words)

	The Korean 'sister' of Ayodhya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		When the nine elders encouraged the king to take a bride he refused, saying that heaven had sent him to be king and heaven would take care of his marriage as well.
		The princess narrates the circumstances leading to her marriage to King Suro thus: "In May this year, my father and mother said, 'We had a dream last night, in which we saw a God who said, I have sent down Suro to be king of Kaya.
		When she was presented to the king, she told him of the dream and the king knew immediately that this was heaven's chosen bride for him.
	www.hvk.org /articles/0502/100.html (1077 words)

	HOME > Culture&Tourism > Culture Assets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This is a Gat (a Korean hat made of bamboo) that was put on by King Gojong (the period of reign 1863~ 1907) at the end of Joseon.
		The pattern of the bat and cloud is the symbol of a King.
		The king wore myeonbok or full royal dress when visiting the royal ancestral shrine and the altar to the guardian deities of the State as well as meeting the retainers on their regular morning visit to the king.
	www.kwangjin.seoul.kr /eng/culture/Md_3_4.jsp (1134 words)

	KBS GLOBAL NEWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		During the Manchu War of 1637, when the Qing Dynasty invaded the Korean Peninsula, the army of the 16 th Joseon King Injo had to fight for more than 40 days with 100,000 Qing Dynasty soldiers but in the end was forced to signed a humiliating peace treaty.
		Namhan-sanseong is the place where the fate of the country was often at stake during King Injo and King Hyojong (the 17 th Joseon king), and many times the price of national freedom was too high.
		That was possible because King Injo commanded the operations at Namhan-sanseong firsthand.
	english.kbs.co.kr /society/beauty/1335459_11776.html (971 words)

	King Island - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about King Island (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The island is a popular tourist destination, with beaches, shipwrecks off the coast, and a lighthouse.
		King Island, Tasmania, Australia - King Island (Airport Code)
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /King+Island (153 words)

	Welcome To Korea Now !!!-Society & The Arts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In 1392, Joseon was launched as a tributary vassal state of Ming China and did not have to look beyond China.
		To the early rulers of the nascent kingdom, the pro-Ming policy was necessary to confer legitimacy on the authority of the new regime.
		After Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea in the late 16th century, Joseon felt it inevitable to maintain a favorable relationship with the island neighbor and dispatched large-scale emissaries to Japan for cultural exchange and espionage efforts.
	kn.koreaherald.co.kr /SITE/data/html_dir/2002/09/26/200209260029.asp (690 words)

	Welcome to CHUNGHYEON MUSEUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		He was a fourth-generation son of Iknyeonggun(益寧君) who was the twelfth son of King Taejong, and served as the Yeonguijeong (prime minister) through the reigns of three kings, Seonjo, Gwanghaegun, and Injo.
		During the Japanese Invasion of Joseon, he made a brilliant achievement in the recapture of Pyeongyangseong Fortress as the Dosunchalsa(temporary local commander in wartime) of Pyeongan-do, and presided over military affairs as the Sadodochechalsa (temporary commander in wartime of four districts) and rendered a distinguished service for the repulse of the invaders.
		In appreciation of his honest poverty, he was selected as a clean-handed government officer, and was awarded a house and a gwejang("set of a cushion and a cane") by King Injo.
	www.chunghyon.com /en/introduction/mission.htm (412 words)

	Tour2Korea.com
		Renovated three times until King Gongmin's years in Goryeo Dynasty, the Temple was incinerated during the Joseon-Japan War of 1592.
		The current Temple was rebuilt during Gwanghaegun's reign in Joseon Dynasty.
		Built in 1631 (9th reign of King Injo), it holds writings of its host temple's history.
	english.tour2korea.com /04Bookings/SpecialTour/specialTour1-01.asp?kosm=m4_6&konum=subm1_1 (207 words)

	::: Welcome to Gong-Ju Cultural Tourism :::
		He was granted as Sungseongun in 1646(24th year of King Injo’s reign).
		He was buried here because King Injo took refuge here to escape from the revolt of Yi Gwang.
		The bottom of the wall is made of granite and the upper side of the wall is built with bricks.
	tour.gongju.go.kr /eng/area/area_cultural_25.php (312 words)

	KNTO Destination Guide - Chungryeolsa Shrine,Chungju (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It was built in 1726, the 2nd year of the reign of King Yeongjo.
		In 1973, King Yeongjo endowed the shrine with the name of Chungryeolsa and began sending government officials to conduct memorial services in Im Gyeong-eop's honour every spring and fall.
		In 1791, King Jongjo composed a writing to be inscribed on a monument for this shrine.
	www.visitkorea.or.kr /eng/info_db/dest/sight_detail.jsp?seqno=675 (192 words)

	Korea Travel: Tomb of King Suro (Gyeongsang (South) Province)
		King Suro's tomb stands as a state symbol of the Gaya culture.
		King Suro was also the family founder of the Gimhae Kim and Heo families.
		According to legend, King Suro was the first person to hatch from eggs.
	www.lifeinkorea.com /Travel2/skyongsang/337 (319 words)

	South Korea Trave Tips
		Gojong was the 26th monarch of the Joseon Dynasty and came to the throne in 1897 as the first emperor of Daehanjeguk (the new name of Korea when it came out from Chinese suzerainty).
		Kings and queens reigned in this ancient capital for almost a millennium.
		The temple was first built in the Queen Seondeok of Silla, then reconstructed in the 23rd year of Joseon King Injo (1645) after it was burned.
	www.southtravels.com /asia/southkorea/traveltips/seoul_history.html (4094 words)

	Korea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Bear in mind that in either case the material is traditional in nature, and as such the names and dates contained therein must be approached with an appreciation for the complex interplay between historical memory and mythological legend-making.
		The Dangun Kings are said to represent the origins of the Korean people.
		The Mahan rulers continued to refer to themselves as Kings of Jin, implying some sort of continuity or, at least, that they felt they could exert an overall governance of southern Korea as a kind of High King.
	www.hostkingdom.net /korea.html (1298 words)

	Paper Crafts
		In the early period of Joseon, under the reign of King Taejo, a decree was proclaimed to emphasize austerity.
		During the reign of King Sejong (r.1418-1450), the use of paper flowers, in lieu of other kinds of artificial flowers, was further extended to Buddhist rites and festivals.
		During the period of King Injo, jigap was steadily improved, often using scraps of paper and waste paper as raw materials.
	www.koreanculture.org /06about_korea/symbols/18paper_crafts.htm (1444 words)

	:: Suyeong District of Busan Metropolitan City (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		According to the Dongnaebu map of Gyeongsangnam-do, a tip of the Wooam peninsula was called Ohaeyahang and Namcheon includes the uplifted areas of the Northern inner part of the mountain in Daeyeon-dong implying that Namcheon was a wide area.
		In the 13th year of the reign of King Injo (1635), GyoengsangjawSuyeong had to move to Gammanpo because of the flood in Sacheon (Currently called the Suyeong river), which collapsed waterways used by military vessels.
		In the Joseon Dynasty, one of the punishments of a lawbreaker was to flog a person with a cudgel.
	www.suyeong.go.kr /00_english/origins.asp (1025 words)

	Castle Hopping in Korea - Seoul Area, South Korea
		From this fortress, King Injo and a few thousand soldiers and Buddhist warrior monks held off an invading force of 130,000 men for 45 days during the Manchu invasion of 1636.
		Hwaseong was finished during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) in 1796.
		In 1394, the King Taejo of the Joseon dynasty moved his kingdom's capital to Seoul.
	www.bootsnall.com /articles/node/4984/print (791 words)

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