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	Untitled Document
		Leopold’s intention at that time was somehow to find a way for Belgium to take control of the AIA but it rapidly became obvious to him that Belgium was unfit to receive his creation.
		Leopold writing to Stanley: ‘…It is a question of creating a new State as big as possible and running it … there is no question of granting political power to Negroes … the white man will head the stations which will be populated by free and freed Negroes.
		Leopold realised that he was beaten in terms of actual ‘ownership’ of the Congo but he still had more than half a pack of cards to play in concealing the multiplicity of companies in which he had shares or owned outright.
	www.bouncing-balls.com /timeline/people/nr_leopoldmorel.htm (7797 words)

	LeopoldII
		When Leopold II learned of Maximilian's death he demanded custody of the widow; rumours had reached him of the cruel and neglectful treatment hsi sister was being subjected by the Habsburgs and he sent his wife, Queen Marie Henriette to Trieste to bring Charlotte back to Belgium.
		King Leopold forbid her younger daughter Clementine to marry and kept her by his side for maany years until his death, after which she married Prince Victor Napoleon, grandson of Napoleon Bonaparte's brother Jeronimo.
		Corti, Egon Caesar: King Leopold I of the Belgians
	www.geocities.com /maxhabsburgo/LeopoldII.html (1044 words)

	Leopold II Biography (Royalty) — Infoplease.com
		King Leopold II is known today as one of the most brutal colonial rulers of the 19th century for his policies in central Africa.
		Leopold II, king of the Belgians - Leopold II Leopold II, 1835–1909, king of the Belgians (1865–1909), son and successor...
		Leopold II, Holy Roman emperor, king of Bohemia and Hungary - Leopold II Leopold II, 1747–92, Holy Roman emperor (1790–92), king of Bohemia and...
	www.infoplease.com /biography/var/kingleopoldii.html (359 words)

	Koranteng's Toli: King Leopold Haunts Congo Again
		Leopold's depredations were so grotesque and occurred on such a scale that even the other colonial powers had to take pause in their scramble for African loot.
		Now I've read King Leopold's Ghost, Adam Hochschild's highly recommended study of that macabre period and was justifiably horrified at the historical record that he laid out: greed, megalomania mixed with atrocious labour camps, summary amputations, decapitations and outright larceny, all covered in the bromides of a missionary humanitarianism.
		King Leopold, who never set foot in the Congo, controlled the vast country as his personal colony from 1885 to 1908, when it was handed over to Belgian government rule.
	koranteng.blogspot.com /2005/02/king-leopold-haunts-congo-again.html (1355 words)

	Leopold II
		Leopold II, King of the Belgians, son of Leopold I, was born at Brussels on the 9th of April 1835.
		This princess, who was a great-granddaughter of the empress Maria Theresa, and a great-niece of Marie Antoinette, endeared herself to the people by her elevated character and indefatigable benevolence, while her beauty gained for her the sobriquet of "The Rose of Brabant"; she was also an accomplished artist and musician, and a fine horsewoman.
		During the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) the king of the Belgians preserved neutrality in a period of unusual difficulty and danger.
	www.nndb.com /people/036/000094751 (586 words)

	The Iconoclast - A Tale of Two Kings (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Leopold attended antislavery conferences in Europe and even established an organization called the International Association of the Congo to promulgate his supposed desire to end slavery and bring progress and enlightenment to the Congo.
		All the while King Leopold II was engaged in this activity, his Force Publique troops were kidnapping Africans and paying chiefs for slaves to use as porters in bringing ivory out of the Congo and to build a trail and later a railroad around the treacherous rapids at the lower end of the Congo River.
		King Leopold II realized that plantations of rubber trees would require time for maturity and in the intervening period, he could make a veritable fortune from sap of the wild rubber vines in the Congo.
	freenet.buffalo.edu /nuclear/Bush-Leopold.htm (1610 words)

	boys clothing: European royalty--Belgium: Leopold II (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Leopold II (1835-1909) was considered by many to have been the most monstrous European monarch of the 19th century because of his bloody reign in the Congo.
		Leopold II was the son of Leopold I of Saxe-Coburg who was born in 1790.
		Leopold who did not often or easily show emotions, wept uncontroably in curch and had to be supported by his brother as he joined the funneral cortege.
	histclo.com /royal/bel/royal-bell2.htm (2096 words)

	Leopold II
		eopold II (1835-1909) The King of Belgium 1865-1909.
		In 1876 Leopold II employed Stanley to acquire as much land in the Congo Basin as he possibly could.
		Leopold did anything to gain wealth out of these areas including the use of forced labor.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/scramble/leopold.htm (411 words)

	Namnlöst dokument
		Leopold I died on the 10 of December 1865 and was succeeded by his son, Leopold II.
		Leopold I of the Belgians and Louise Marie.
		Leopold III of the Belgians and Queen Astrid (née Princess of Sweden).
	www.warholm.nu /Kingbel.html (495 words)

	Biography - Leopold Ii Of Belgium
		Leopold II, King of the Belgium (Louis Philippe Marie Victor) (April 9, 1835 - December 17, 1909), succeeded his father, Leopold I of Belgium, to the Belgian throne in 1865 and remained king until his death.
		Leopold II was also the father of two sons, Lucien Philippe Marie Antoine (1906-1984) and Philippe Henri Marie François (1907-1914), born out of wedlock.
		In Belgian domestic politics Leopold emphasized military defense as the basis of neutrality, but he was unable to obtain a universal conscription law until on his death bed.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Abell9583/leopold-ii-of-belgium-biography.html (508 words)

	King Leopold ask for another huge loan for Congo
		King Leopold II has just asked his Belgian country for a loan of 25 million francs.
		When Leopold was given the Congo after the Berlin Conference in 1884, he said he would improve the moral and material condition of the Congolese.
		King Leopold is not helping them as he said he would when he was given control of the Congo.
	sun.menloschool.org /~sportman/modernworld/chapter8/2004/dblock/bhohl (626 words)

	Monarchie - Leopold II
		Leopold II On 9 April, birth in Brussels of Leopold, Louis, Philippe, Marie, Victor, son of Leopold I and Louise-Marie.
		On 12 December, the King Palace convened an international conference in Brussels of scientists, geographers and explorers, focusing on the discovery of the centre of Africa.
		Leopold II set up, with the cooperation of the British explorer Stanley, the Study Committee on the Upper Congo, converted in 1879 into the International Association of the Congo.
	www.monarchie.be /en/monarchy/history/leopold_II.html (291 words)

	Independent Media Center \| www.indymedia.org \| ((( i )))
		All the while King Leopold II was engaged in this activity, his Force Publique troops were kidnapping Africans and paying chiefs for slaves to use as porters in bringing ivory out of the Congo and to build a trail and later a railroad around the treacherous rapids at the lower end of the Congo River.
		King Leopold II realized that plantations of rubber trees would require time for maturity and in the intervening period, he could make a veritable fortune from sap of the wild rubber vines in the Congo.
		Leopold II retaliated against this truth telling effort by Morel and others by hiring a German banker named Ludwig von Steub to bribe journalists and editors across Europe so favorable articles about him and the Congo would appear in European newspapers.
	www.indymedia.org /fr/2004/07/856370.shtml (1699 words)

	Eyewitness To Hell
		King Leopold was the son of Queen Victoria’s Uncle Leopold, whose advice she valued in the early years of her reign.
		The King, to keep up the pretence that the atrocities had occurred against his wishes, was compelled to appoint a commission of three impartial jurists to investigate the charges, and, although he published only a fragment of their report, what was allowed to appear made it evident that the charges were well founded.
		Against King Leopold, it was possible for the conscience of mankind to be victorious, for he was, after all, a minor potentate.
	emperors-clothes.com /analysis/russell.htm (2554 words)

	Columbus
		Over a period of 25 years, Belgium King Leopold II was able to reduce the population of the Congo from 20 million to 10 million.
		Leopold begged for the Congo Basin and guaranteed the well being of the Congo's native population.
		Guillaume Van Kerckhoven, a Leopold officer, cheerfully bragged to a missionary that he paid his fl soldiers "5 brass rods per human head they brought him during the course of any military operation he conducted." He said it was to stimulate their prowess in the face of the enemy.
	www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us /diversity/columbus.htm (984 words)

	Belgium's imperialist rape of Africa: A review of King Leopold's Ghost
		Adam Hochschild's study of King Leopold II of Belgium's creation of the Congo Free State goes to the essence of the economic and political systems established in colonial Africa.
		Leopold developed a military dictatorship over a country 76 times the size of Belgium, with only a small number of white officials.
		Leopold attempted to destroy the evidence: for eight days in 1908 furnaces in Leopold's Brussels headquarters were at full blast, as Congo State archives were tuned to ash.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/sep1999/king-s06.shtml (2322 words)

	Leopold II, king of the Belgians. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1835–1909, king of the Belgians (1865–1909), son and successor of Leopold I.
		Forced labor was extorted from the natives, frequently by barbarous methods, until scandal compelled Leopold to turn over the Congo to the Belgian government (1908).
		Leopold’s private life was as scandalous and dissolute as his public conduct.
	www.bartleby.com /65/le/Leopo2Bel.html (221 words)

	Mass crimes against humanity and genocidein the Congo Free State
		Under Léopold II's administration, the Congo Free State was subject to a terror regime, including atrocities such as mass killings and maimings which were used to subjugate the indigenous tribes of the Congo region and to procure slave labor.
		Opponents of King Léopold's rule concluded that the administration itself was to be considered responsible for the spreading of this dreadful epidemic.
		"King Léopold II of Belgium," MoreOrLess, at: http://www.moreorless.au.com/
	www.religioustolerance.org /genocong.htm (2482 words)

	Africamuseum -
		In 1901, Leopold II conceived the notion of turning Tervuren into a smaller Versailles, with an Africa Museum, Chinese and Japanese pavilions, a World School, Congress Centre, French gardens and so on, all to be built in the park at Tervuren and linked with the centre of Brussels by a handsome, two-lane highway: the Tervurenlaan.
		Leopold II was a great admirer of French neoclassical ‘palace’ architecture.
		King Leopold II in a conversation with Charles Girault, 1903.
	www.africamuseum.be /sitemap/research/about/histobuildings (919 words)

	WHM: Official Documents Exercise Question 4 - Who was the primary audience for the document?
		Many such misleading documents were issued by King Leopold II of Belgium’s government in the Congo.
		King Leopold II created the Congo Free State, now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in 1885.
		First, read the “Decree of Leopold II, King of the Belgians, Sovereign of the Independent State of the Congo, Regarding Settlements for African Children,” issued on July 21, 1890.
	chnm.gmu.edu /worldhistorysources/unpacking/docsq4ex.php (283 words)

	HistoryWiz Books: King Leopold's Ghost (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the 1880s, as the European powers were carving up Africa, King Leopold II of Belgium seized for himself the vast and mostly unexplored territory surrounding the Congo River.
		King Leopold's Ghost is the haunting account of a megalomaniac of monstrous proportions, a man as cunning, charming, and cruel as any of the great Shakespearean villains.
		The intersection of the boundless egos of Henry M. Stanley (the writer and explorer famous for having found Dr. David Livingstone) and King Leopold II of Belgium resulted in the colonizing of the Congo region of Africa and a period of slave labor, torture, and mass murders to rival the Holocaust.
	books.historywiz.org /moreinfo/leopoldsghost.htm (2662 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - King Leopold II and the Belgian Congo
		Leopold then went on to use the Congo as a huge money-making resource, committing several human rights violations in the process and then turning a blind eye as he built public works projects in Belgium with the money he raked in.
		Leopold went to work to consolidate his new realm, intensifying exploration efforts (already underway before the advent of the conference) with an investment in railway construction.
		Financially refreshed, Leopold set in motion his plans to squeeze the Congo of its wealth, determinedly attempting to recoup his losses and realise a profit on the venture in which he had invested everything.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A4429064 (2037 words)

	Notes: King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa
		Hochschild's King Leopold's Ghost is the story of another European ruler, Belgium's King Leopold II, and his ownership of the Congo from the late 1800's until after the turn of the 20th century.
		It was, in fact, King Leopold's country, not Belgium's; the reason for this makes clear his foresightfulness as well as the wiles.
		Leopold's first grabs for land in Africa soon resulted in a town (Leopoldville) named after him, after Stanley worked for Leopold to create paths above the rapids on the Congo River so steamboats could be brought in (67).
	www.garretwilson.com /books/kingleopoldsghost.html (1328 words)

	Bruce Bueno de Mesquita on the logic of political survival and the two faces of King Leopold II of Belgium \| ...
		King Leopold II of Belgium is a particularly revealing example.
		In Africa, King Leopold was a classic African despot, plundering his territory shamelessly for personal gain, murdering millions, and suitably rewarding the unsavory and relatively small gang of thugs and thieves who ran this ghastly system.
		Leopold II, pursuer of ultimate and permanent power whenever and wherever he could find it, was able to let rip in Africa, but not in Belgium.
	www.samizdata.net /blog/archives/2006/08/bruce_bueno_de.html (1813 words)

	Learn about Brussels' rich history
		Philip II was a devoted Catholic and preferred residing in a location that was predominantly Catholic.
		Pring Leopold of Saxelobug chosen to be the king of Belgium.
		Opposition to Leopold’s rule grew stronger and Belgium was on the brink of civil war when Leopold abdicated and his son, Baudovin I, became king.
	www.internationalcircuit.com /brussels-belgium/history.html (1489 words)

	Cartoonists vs. the King - Cartoons on the Congo
		Leopold was an early master of modern public relations, however, and used the media very effectively to counter such reports and to maintain his own image as a benevolent ruler.
		Leopold's almost saintly reputation, developed through the earliest reports of his work in the Congo in the 1880s, made it difficult for most people to believe the reports of atrocities.
		In its efforts to end King Leopold's rule, the Congo Reform Association had to document the extent of the atrocities committed under Leopold's rule and undermine that reputation that kept the public from believing their reports.
	www.boondocksnet.com /gallery/cartoons/congo_index.html (481 words)

	Heart of Darkness: Leopold's Congo
		King Leopold II of Belgium in an undated photograph.
		Leopold's plan to transfer prime real estate from Congo to the stock company of his close associates raised hackles in Belgium and Great Britain, where he was accused of personal enrichment at the expense of a pre-existing international agreement.
		The King began negotiations with the Belgian government for the transfer of the colony from the control of the Crown to the control of the state.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/98/09/20/specials/leopold.html (220 words)

	Tallulahs Biographies & Images; Famous People; King Leopold II
		Considered one of the most brutal colonial rulers of the nineteenth century for his policies in central Africa, King Leopold, succeeded his father to the throne in 1865.
		In 1885, King Leopold II of Belgium gained a vast area in central Africa as his personal possession.
		By 1908 criticism of his rule forced Leopold to withdrawal as sovereign and the region was annexed to Belgium.
	www.tallulahs.com /leopold.html (351 words)

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