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	Encyclopedia: Ludwig II of Bavaria
		Ludwig was continually reminded of his royal power as a child, and his education swayed between being extremely spoiled on some occasions to being severely controlled by his protectors on others.
		Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie, Duchess in Bavaria and Princess of Bavaria (December 24, 1837 â€“ September 10, 1898), of the House of Wittelsbach, was Empress-Consort of Austria and Queen consort of Hungary due to her marriage to Emperor Franz Joseph.
		Schloss Hohenschwangau was the childhood residence of King Ludwig II of Bavaria.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ludwig-II-of-Bavaria (3834 words)

	Ludwig II of Bavaria -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Ludwig (Louis) II, King of Bavaria, Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm, also known as Ludwig the Mad, and Mad King Ludwig (August 25, 1845 - June 13, 1886) was king of (A state in southwestern Germany famous for its beer; site of an automobile factory) Bavaria from 1864 until his death.
		Ludwig's apologists explain that much of his 'unusual' behaviour was caused by the stress of growing up in a royal family, comparing it to the problems that modern royals like those in the (The British royal family since 1917) House of Windsor have experienced.
		Ludwig was a major patron of composer (German composer of operas and inventor of the music drama in which drama and spectacle and music are fused (1813-1883)) Richard Wagner, and he funded the construction of the (Click link for more info and facts about Bayreuth Festspielhaus) Bayreuth Festspielhaus.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/lu/ludwig_ii_of_bavaria1.htm (999 words)

	King Ludwig II of Bavaria
		Ludwig II was born on 25 August 1845, heir to the illustrious Wittelsbach family which at that time ruled Bavaria from its capital, Munich.
		Ludwig's mother, Marie, was the niece of King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia.
		Ludwig's instinct was to try and avoid engagement in such affairs altogether-to the disgust of the public at large, he fled for a time to a solitary retreat at Castle Berg, 15 miles to the southwest of the capital.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/dadd/1258/LudwigII.html (3275 words)

	King Ludwig II
		King Ludwig II of Bavaria, named after his grandfather, was born in Nymphenburg Castle outside Munich on August 25, 1845 and was the eldest son of King Maximillian II and Queen Marie.
		Ludwig was to marry in August of 1867 but he was unhappy with the relationship so changed the date to October 12th, which incidentally was the date that both his grandfather and father married.
		Ludwig was very unsettled at the prospect of marrying and as such voiced his apprehension to his Court Secretary, confessing that he would rather drown himself than marry.
	www.guide-to-castles-of-europe.com /king-ludwig-ii.html (854 words)

	glbtq >> social sciences >> Ludwig II of Bavaria
		Ludwig II is better known for his enthusiastic patronage of Richard Wagner and for his fabulous castles than for his conduct of affairs of state.
		Ludwig II of Bavaria was named for his grandfather, King Ludwig I, with whom he shared a birthday, August 25.
		When Ludwig ascended to the throne of Bavaria at the age of eighteen (upon the death of his father, Maximillian II, in 1864), one of his first acts as king was to send for Wagner, for whom he immediately provided a rent-free house and a generous annual stipend.
	www.glbtq.com /social-sciences/ludwig_II.html (872 words)

	King Ludwig - Biography
		King Ludwig II of Bavaria was born in Nymphenburg Castle outside Munich in the early hours of August 25, 1845.
		The Queen enjoyed taking Ludwig and his younger brother Otto on lengthy hikes in the nearby alps and it would have been on these occasions that Ludwig developed his love of the mountains and their solitude, as well as his lifelong devotion to the Schwangau region.
		Ludwig and Sophie were seen occupying separate boxes at the theatre, and people remarked that the couple seemed to be lacking a glow.
	www.schwangau.de /en/king_ludwig2.html (1632 words)

	Medical certificate about his Majesty king Ludwig II of Bavaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		His Majesty king Ludwig II, born on 25.8.1845 in castle nymph's castle to Munich, was incapacitated on account of this certificate on 9.6.1886.
		King Ludwig II has for his buildings during his whole life, less money spent, than the government Kohl/ Schröder during few years of their reign.
		King Ludwig has left to the world a cultural heritage one can still admire in hundred from years, while one sees only ruins in Afghanistan and in Iraq.
	www.mgb-home.de /english/Gutachten.html (2607 words)

	King Ludwig II of Bavaria - his life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		King Ludwig II was born on 25.8.1845 in the castle nymph's in Munich.
		King Ludwig II has drowned on 13.6.1886 under mysterious circumstances in the Starnberger lake.
		The mortal remnants of king Ludwig II rest in this coffin in the Saint Michaelskirche in Munich.
	www.mgb-home.de /english/Koenig-Ludwig01.html (330 words)

	Writing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Ludwig may have not been stricken with incurable paranoia, but there is evidence that he was on the edge between odd and insane.
		Ludwig sometimes would become outraged and demand some sort of medieval torture be carried out on his enemies and servants that did not meet his demands.
		Ludwig's family did have a history of insanity, but that does not mean the gene was passed on to him.
	home.earthlink.net /~dancer4ever/writing/ludwig.html (2957 words)

	The Invisible Basilica: Ludovicus Rex Bavariae
		Ludwig was the last of the German feudal princes: a romantic dreamer who viewed himself as a divinely sanctioned monarch after the model of his hero, Louis XIV, the "Sun King" of France.
		Ludwig was a passionate devotee of Richard Wagner, and his greatest patron.
		Wagner referred to Ludwig as "Parsifal," and indeed, Ludwig seems to have fancied himself to be the Graal King, one of a chain of rulers who knew the inner mysteries of Christianity and their pre-Christian origins, and who drew power therefrom.
	www.hermetic.com /sabazius/ludwig.htm (612 words)

	Bavaria Alpine Net Guide - Castles, Munich, München, Bavaria, Bayern, Bavière, Neuschwanstein, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Ludwig the II left many mysteries and to this day the legends live on about his bizarre death.
		In 1860 while the rest of the world opened its doors to democracy and modernism, the beloved King played monarch and spent the country's fortune in building medieval castles and a small copy of Versailles in the middle of the Chiemsee.
		King Ludwig's unbendable instinct had the construction site opened in 1869, an epoch in which the European industrialization was already in full swing.
	www.bavaria.com /travel/neuschwanstein_us.html (644 words)

	King Ludwig II., former King of Bavaria, Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Born in Nymphenburg Castle, Munich, in 1845, Ludwig II.
		was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, and became king of Bavaria at the age of 18.
		Ludwig was certified insane in his bedroom at Neuschwanstein and, a few days later, on 13 June 1886 he and his physician were found drowned in the Lake Starnberg (Starnberger See).
	www.germanworld.com /ludw.htm (153 words)

	ipedia.com: Ludwig II of Bavaria Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm von Wittelsbach or Ludwig II of Bavaria, also known as Ludwig the Mad, Mad King Ludwig, and Louis II.
		He was by all accounts strange to begin with, and as his rule progressed, he became even more antisocial and withdrew into seclusion in the Alps most of the time, where he built several expensive fairytale castles.
		Ludwig is remembered as one of the most unusual rulers of Germany, and the debate about how to judge him is ongoing even today.
	www.ipedia.com /ludwig_ii_of_bavaria.html (694 words)

	Louis (Ludwig) II
		From his self-imposed exile Ludwig communicated with his government through messengers and by telegrams - when he was not listening to verses being recited or rowing in his boat, that resembled a large seashell, in his electrically illuminated grotto.
		Ludwig lent the composer vast amounts of money over the years and believed that it was their joint mission to revive the German culture.
		This was their last meeting and the king retreated further and further into his dream world of legends and castles.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /ludwig.htm (1275 words)

	King Ludwig II. and Richard Wagner - koenig-ludwig.org
		Ludwig is deeply shaken when he bids his father farewell by his deathbed.
		King Ludwig is not an absolute ruler but no law can pass without his signature.
		The king is received with loud cheers and fanfare in the royal Court Theater.
	www.koenig-ludwig.org /english/ludwig_and_richard_wagner.php (538 words)

	Bavaria Alpine Net Guide - Travel, Munich, München, Bavaria, Bayern, Bavière, Neuschwanstein, Neuswanstein, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Landscapes as in Visconti's movie about the life of König Ludwig II, villages and towns that seem unchanged for the last 100 years except maybe for a few additional banks, gas stations and souvenir shops along the main town roads.
		On the other hand the sacred King of all Bavarians, Ludwig II, architect of almost all castles in the south of Munich of which Neuschwanstein (new-swan-rock) is best known for its role model for Walt Disney's sleeping beauty castle.
		King Ludwig II's castles: Neuschwanstein, Linderhof and Herrenchiemsee
	www.bavaria.com /travel/travel_us.html (267 words)

	FAQ Ludwig II - Neuschwanstein Country Fuessen - Füssen
		King Ludwig’s death has remained a mistery and it will be always this way.
		Like Maximilian II had built this castle on the ancient ruins of a Middle Age one, Ludwig as well wanted to bring the ancient ruins of Vorder- and Hinterhohenschwangau to new life.
		Bismarck admired the young King and was convinced, he was able to understand government "better than all his ministers" (1883).
	www.neuschwanstein-country.net /ludwig/antworte.htm (2020 words)

	Linderhof
		Ludwig II built this secluded hunting lodge, it was known as the Kings Hut.
		It was acquired by Ludwig in 1876 for the gardens of the Palace.
		Ludwig and Wagner became friends and Ludwig built a grotto (a cave) for the performance of Wagner's "Der Ring des Nibelungen." This grotto is a must see when visiting Linderhof to experience the show of lights, water and incredible music.
	www.castles.org /castles/Europe/Central_Europe/Germany/germany12.htm (2245 words)

	WORLD magazine: August 1996 @ nationalgeographic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		King Ludwig II began to build the castle in 1869.
		King Ludwig II ruled Bavaria (now part of Germany) for 22 years, until 1886.
		Land of lakes, meadows, and storybook castles, Bavaria lies along the edge of the Alps in southeastern Germany.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /world/9608/ludwig/index.html (294 words)

	glbtq >> social sciences >> Ludwig II of Bavaria
		Ludwig rather quickly became disenchanted, however, apparently having found Kainz's performances in character in the theater more interesting than the actor himself.
		Ludwig had less and less contact with his government ministers, who became concerned by reports of the king's erratic behavior, including experiencing hallucinations and issuing nonsensical orders, as well as his determination to continue building despite his dire financial situation.
		On learning of Ludwig's death, his devoted cousin the Empress Elizabeth of Austria declared, "The King was not mad; he was just an eccentric living in a world of dreams.
	www.glbtq.com /social-sciences/ludwig_II,2.html (657 words)

	H-Net Review: Steven R. Welch on The Swan King: Ludwig II of Bavaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		McIntosh surveys Ludwig's life with a sympathetic eye; in his preface he even describes himself as a "Ludwigite," although just what this means is never explicitly spelled out (presumably this would entail love of Wagner's music, admiration for Ludwig's "fantasies in stone" and appreciation of Ludwig's elitist and highly romantic aesthetic "vision").
		Ludwig's homosexuality is dealt with frankly, but McIntosh does not reach any firm conclusion on the question of whether Ludwig ever "crossed the threshold from sentimental friendship to physical gratification" (p.
		He detects in Ludwig "a style and panache that are markedly lacking in modern public life" and admires a mind which he judges was "on a quest, sustained by a bright and powerful vision" (p.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=296541094371537 (865 words)

	Neuschwanstein Hotels & Events: Biography of King Ludwig II.
		Ludwig II was a great admirer and supporter of Richard Wagner, the »Bayreuther Festspielhaus« theatre was a donation from the King, for example.
		August 22: The representatives of Bavaria conclude the peace treaty with Prussia and a defence alliance saying that in the case of war the Bavarian army will be under the supreme command of Prussia, all this without the guarantees of sovereignty claimed by the king.
		The ministry official Ludwig von Bürkel is installed in the function of royal secretary instead of councellor Lorenz von Düflipp, who already in 1876 pointed to a threatening insolvency of the treasury in face of the many construction programmes of the King.
	www.hohenschwangau.de /453.0.html (1203 words)

	Weblog Item (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Ludwig received an annual income of about 4.5 million Marks from the civil list.
		Unfortunately, economy was an alien concept for Ludwig, and spending continued at an alarming rate, until the debt had reached 14 million a year later.
		The Emperor of Austria, the King of Noway and Sweden, the Sultan in Constantinople and the Shah in Tehran were to be asked for loans.
	www.larkfarm.com /weblog_item.asp?LogID=1589 (296 words)

	Bavaria Alpine Net Guide - Ludwig II, Munich, München, Bavaria, Bayern, Bavière, Neuschwanstein, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The fairy tale king Ludwig II was born August 25 1845.
		All of Bavaria is preparing to celebrate his 150th bithday in great style.
		King Ludwig of course preferred a horse for his excursions, nowadays the bicycle is way more practical but way less romantic.
	www.bavaria.com /ludwig_us.html (182 words)

	Mad King Ludwig Lives On
		The fact that she was eight years older than Ludwig, was married to Franz Joseph, the man who became Emperor of Austria and later Hungary, and had four children didn’t seem to entirely detract from the relationship between the two.
		The Bavarian king’s friendship with Wagner was similarly enigmatic, but it is clear, from all accounts, that the musician greatly influenced the king, and vice versa.
		Ludwig’s body and that of his doctor were found in the nearby lake a day after he was declared insane.
	www.travellady.com /Issues/Issue69/69S-ludwig.htm (1506 words)

	Ludo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ludo is a board game of the Cross and Circle family.
		Mad King Ludo is a nickname of King Ludwig II of Bavaria, who reigned between 1869 and 1886.
		Ludwig was a recluse who was forced to assume the throne at an early age and drained his personal finances to build a number of fantasy castles, the most spectacular of which is the famous castle at Neuschwanstein, Bavaria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ludo (179 words)

	Neuschwanstein
		King Ludwig may have been mad, but he was a genius to have built such a work of art.
		We do know he was the first king to have hot and cold water plumbing, and a room that was actually a cave with colored stalagmites and stalactites.
		Set in the Alps in Bayern, Germany this beautiful fairytale castle was rebuilt by the "mad" king Ludwig II of Bavaria, son of Maximilian II.
	www.castles.org /castles/Europe/Central_Europe/Germany/germany7.htm (3891 words)

	King Ludwig II. of Bavaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		August 25: Birth of Prince Ludwig as the oldest son of Crown Prince Maximilian and his wife Marie at Nymphenburg Palace on the birthday and name day of his grandfather King Ludwig I. March 20: Resignation of King Ludwig I. in favour of his son Maximilian, thus Ludwig II.
		Ludwig is proclaimed King and on March 11 he swears an oath on the constitution
		August 22: Representatives of Bavaria sign a peace treaty with Prussia, without the guarany of sovereignty demanded by the king, and enter into a defensive alliance which says that in case of war the Bavarian Army is under the supreme command of Prussia
	www.herren-chiemsee.de /pages_e/koenig_e.html (1051 words)

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