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Topic: King Phillip II of Spain

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	Philip II of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spain's quagmire in the Netherlands (see Dutch Revolt), the defeat of its "invincible Armada" in 1588, and the economic strain of supporting so many wars with an insufficient tax base would lead to the collapse of Spanish hegemony by Philip's death in 1598.
		In the seventeen provinces of the Netherlands, Philip II continued the policies of heavy taxation since Charles V. Like Charles V, he continued to exclude local nobility from administration, preferring the use of a Castilian Consulta, maintained an army of occupation, and upheld an Inquisition to stop the advance of Calvinism.
		Unlike England, Spain was subject to separate assemblies: the Cortes in Castile along with the assembly in Navarre and three for each of the three regions of Aragon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain (2199 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Philip II, the self-proclaimed leader of Counter-Reformation, assumed the throne in 1556 with a great deal of potential, inheriting from his uncle Ferdinand the Habsburg lands in Austria together with the imperial crown of the Holy Roman Empire, thus inheriting the Netherlands, Franche-Comté, Naples, Sicily, and Milan.
		Spain had the best army in Europe, including the well-disciplined native Spanish infantry and Philip's royal power was absolute in his possessions as he combated heresy and extended Spain’s influence, seeing little difference between the good of the Spanish state and the Church.
		Spain's quagmire in the Netherlands, the defeat of its "invincible Armada" in 1588, and the economic strain of supporting so many wars with an insufficient tax base would lead to the collapse of Spanish hegemony by Philip's death in 1598.
	www.askmytutor.co.uk /p/ph/philip_ii_of_spain.html (1917 words)

	Juan Ponce de Leon II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Juan Ponce de Leon II born in Puerto Rico in the early part of the 16th century, was the first Puerto Rican to assume the temporary governorship of Puerto Rico.
		In 1580, at the request of King Phillip II of Spain, Governor Juan Lopez Melgarejo asked Juan Ponce de Leon II to write a general description of the West Indies with emphasis on the part corresponding to Puerto Rico.
		Juan Ponce de Leon II's remains are buried in the Church of San José, in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n_II (287 words)

	A King takes a walk.
		King Phillip's rooms were small, meanly proportioned, almost drab; unkingly rooms for a monarch on whose dominions the sun never set.
		King Phillip dearly loved and trusted his monks and he listened reverently as their chanting filled his little huddle of rooms.
		King Phillip had made his decision, and whether the greatest grandee in all Spain liked it or not, the glorious post was his.
	homepages.enterprise.net /iainlogan/guadirra/chap14.html (2176 words)

	Spain, Asherbooks Rare Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Included are King Phillip II of Spain, the Emperors Maximilian I and Charles V, numerous Archdukes of Austria and many other illustrious ancestors.
		A proclamation by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and his son, the future King Phillip II of Spain, made at Louvain on 5 July 1549 and containing fifty-eight articles reaffirming the rights and privileges of the province of Brabant, establishing an advisory council there, and regulating many other matters.
		Although France got the better of Spain in the wars of the next few years, their ambitions were shattered as France's power declined after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685.
	www.asherbooks.com /main_stock.phtml/subject/69/1/Spain.html (5405 words)

	Cortes. Who is Cortes? What is Cortes? Where is Cortes? Definition of Cortes. Meaning of Cortes.
		The Cortes Generales ("General Courts"), usually referred to only as the "Cortes", are the national legislative assembly of Spain.
		They are a bicameral assembly, consisting of the 350-member lower house (the Congress of Deputies) and the 259-member upper house (the Senate).
		The term Cortes is also used for the subnational parliaments of several of Spain's autonomous communities and various bodies from Spanish history.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Cortes (97 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Philip II (King of Spain)
		Philip II King of Spain, only son of the Emperor Charles V, and Isabella of Portugal, b.
		After the death of the young King Sebastian at the battle of Alcazar (1578) and that of his successor the aged Cardinal Henry (1580), Philip II, who through his mother was a grandson of King Emmanuel, pleaded his title of heir and sent the Duke of Alva to occupy the country.
		Apparently Philip II failed to grasp the situation, since he continued for two years more the war against Henry IV, but his fruitless efforts were finally terminated in 1595 by the absolution of Henry IV by Clement VIII.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12002a.htm (1832 words)

	King Phillip II of Spain
		King Phillip had been married to Mary I and was a staunch Catholic.
		It was the quarrel between Phillip of Spain and Queen Elizabeth I that led to the Spanish Armada being sent to England.
		Phillip of Spain was a very powerful emperor, his lands spreading not only throughout Spain but also throughout much of Europe: his inheritance being much of Holland, Austria and other parts of the 'Low Countries'.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /phillipofspain.htm (338 words)

	King Phillip II: rule over the Netherlands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		At the close of the war, a treaty was entered into between France and Spain by which Philip and Henry II bound themselves to maintain the Catholic worship inviolate by all means in their power and to extinguish the increasing heresy in both kingdoms.
		The Estates of all the provinces agreed, at a subsequent meeting with the king, to grant their quota of the 'request,' but made it a condition precedent that the foreign troops, whose outrages and exactions had long been an intolerable burden on the country, should be withdrawn.
		This enraged the king, but when a presentation was made of a separate remonstrance in the name of the States-General, signed by the Prince of Orange, Count Egmont and other leading patricians, against the pillaging, insults and disorders of the foreign soldiers, the king was furious.
	www.publicbookshelf.com /public_html/Outline_of_Great_Books_Volume_I/kingphill_hj.html (576 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Spain should have been one of the wealthiest countries, but it wasn’t, because his country was at war with itself.
		Phillip, who had been married to Queen Mary, was angry that her sister, Queen Elizabeth had refused his proposal of marriage.
		Phillip was raised by Roman Catholics, and as a result was incredibly devout.
	coyote.csusm.edu /titans9/Philip.htm (356 words)

	Settlement
		In 1565, King Phillip II commissioned the Captain of the Indies’ Fleet, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, to establish a colony in Florida.
		Philip II ruled Spain at the height of its imperial glory, winning over the Turks at Lepanto in 1571, incorporated Portugal into Spain in 1580, the Philippines (named after Phillip II) were likewise conquered, the war in the Netherlands ended.
		Phillip II was a masterful manager of Spain’s overseas empire.
	www.loc.gov /rr/hispanic/frontiers/revision/A1b[1].atlanticgulf.settlements_revised.html (329 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Letter from Lope de Aguirre, rebel, to King Philip of Spain, 1561
		Look here, King of Spain!Do not be cruel and ungrateful to your vassals, because while your father and you stayed in Spain without the slightest bother, your vassals, at the price of their blood and fortune, have given you all the kingdoms and holding you have in these parts.
		Beware, King and lord, that you cannot take, under the title of legitimate king, any benefit from this land where you risked nothing, without first giving due gratification to those who have labored and sweated in it.
		Illustrious King, we do not ask for grants in Cordoba or Valladolid, nor in any part of Spain, which is your patrimony.Deign to feed the weary and poor with the fruits and proceeds from this land.Remember, King and lord, that God is the same for all, and the same justice, reward, heaven, and hell.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1561aguirre.html (619 words)

	About Felipe II De HABSBURG (King of Spain)
		King of Spain, only son of the Emperor Carlos V, and Isabella of Portugal, b.
		Having become King, Felipe, devoted to Catholicism, defended the Faith throughout the world and opposed the progress of heresy, and these two things are the key to his whole reign.
		After the death of the young King Sebastian at the battle of Alcazar (1578) and that of his successor the aged Cardinal Henry (1580), Felipe II, who through his mother was a grandson of King Emmanuel, pleaded his title of heir and sent the Duke of Alva to occupy the country.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /aboutFelipeII.htm (1973 words)

	History of the Huguenots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		King Louis, XIV of France was a royal thief.
		King Phillip II of Spain devastated the city of Flanders and contaminated the land owned by the Huguenots.
		King Henry IV ordered all Huguenot children to be taken from their parents by force, and educated by the Roman Catholic monks or nuns.
	www.nethope.com /via/page4.html (524 words)

	Digital History
		In response, King Philip II of Spain (1527-1598) assembled an armada that tried unsuccessfully to invade England in 1588 and make it a Catholic country again.
		Spain received the right to all undiscovered territory west of the line, and Portugal was given all lands east of this boundary, which by the early sixteenth century included Brazil.
		If you touch him [King Phillip II of Spain] in the [West] Indies, you touch the apple of his eye; for take away his treasure...[and] his old bands of soldiers will soon be dissolved, his purpose defeated, his power and strength diminished, his pride abated, and his tyranny utterly suppressed....
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /documents/documents_p2.cfm?doc=199 (636 words)

	phillip ii of spain and other spain related information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Philip II of Spain scroll down to access all topics covered Philip II - a pen portrait Philip His inheritance The government of Spain Philip and the Catholic Church Philip's foreign policy The Revolt of the...
		II King of Spain Born: 21 May 1527, Valladolid, Spain Died: 13 Sep 1598, El Escorial Palace, Madrid, Spain Buried: El Escorial Palace, Madrid, Spain Father: Carlos V (Holy Roman Emperor) (b.
		II, 1527 “ 98, king of Spain (1556“98), king of Naples and Sicily (1554“98), and, as Philip I, king of Portugal (1580“98).
	www.nethorde.com /spain/phillip-ii-of-spain.html (320 words)

	The 16th Century Part II
		Phillip II was outraged, and decided to send Don Fernando de Toledo, the third Duke of Alba into Flanders to restore the order there.
		According to Leoni’s book, one day, Phillip II being asked of what would he like, as large a number of, as the seeds of a pomegranate, replied that he would like as many as Zopyros, that is, faithful friends.
		Phillip II had sent the Duke of Alba in with 10,000 soldiers to crush the rebellion, and the situation was becoming desperate for the Protestants.
	www.fire-star.org /16th/16th2.html (4475 words)

	] Florida Travel Guide - Newsletter [ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		He claimed the land for Spain and named it La Florida, which means "Land of Flowers".
		King Phillip II of Spain named Don Pedro Menendez de Aviles, a Spanish Admiral, as Governor of Florida, with instructions to colonize the territory, and also to drive out all pirates or settlers of other nations.
		In 1783 Florida was returned to Spain, to remain under their rule for 37 years..
	www.fl-travel.com /newsletter/11-0199/interest.html (464 words)

	hapsburgs
		Domino Theory- Philip II’s belief that clemency would be a sign of weakness and due to this he applied the domino theory to all parts of the Spanish Monarchy.
		If Spain lost Lombardy, communications in Germany and the Netherlands would become impossible; any weakness or defeat in these three areas would greatly affect the others.
		Spain was Catholic and wanted to be rid of Muslims and Jews (both pretty much gone from Spain by Philip’s reign).
	www.simpson.edu /~proctorn/STRATEGY-2005_files/murray5.htm (819 words)

	Jewish History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Laid claim to the Portuguese throne after Henry II died without leaving an heir.
		Dom Antonio was the grandson of King Manual, whose son Dom Luiz married a Marrano.
		King Phillip II of Spain quickly annexed Portugal.
	www.jewishhistory.org.il /1580.htm (412 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		She was expected to marry, but until the time of her death at age 69, she was known as the “virgin queen.” Though she never married or had any children, she entertained many suitors.
		This made some people very angry, namely King Phillip II of Spain; Mary, Queen of Scots; and some of Elizabeth’s own people who were devout Catholics.
		Elizabeth believed that the America’s did not belong solely to Spain, as King Phillip insisted.
	coyote.csusm.edu /titans9/QLiz.htm (353 words)

	Armada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		King Phillip II of Spain devised a two pronged attack on England.
		Phillip's worst nightmare was not over, though, as the ships were further tormented by storms off the coast of Scotland and Ireland.
		Thus this battle began the decline of Spain and the ascent of Britain -- a sea change event.
	www.austin.cc.tx.us /~songhome/Armada.htm (493 words)

	The Hispano Ranchos --Setting the Stage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The first Spanish-speaking settlers came to New Mexico at the end of the 16th century, when King Phillip II of Spain turned his sights northward from Mexico.
		Most of the colonists were from Spain, or were Spaniards born in Mexico, and they brought with them a blend of Spanish and Spanish-Mexican culture.
		In the 19th century, as settlement began to expand beyond the valleys of the Rio Grande, this traditional culture was challenged by new influences.
	www.cr.nps.gov /NR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/96ranchos/96setting.htm (348 words)

	Spanish Inquisition:Tortured By Faith~V+1
		1483: King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella establish the Suprema, directed by Thomas de Torquemada.
		King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella issue an edict of expulsion giving the Spanish Jews until the end of July to choose between conversion or exile.
		1569: King Phillip II of Spain orders the establishment of the Inquisition in Mexico and Peru.
	www.angelfire.com /sc3/spanishinquisition/info/timeline.html (400 words)

	Sheffield Theatres Education Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The play is set in 16th century Spain during the Inquisition and the tyrannical reign of King Phillip II of Spain and the Netherlands.
		In the King’s study, Philip holds portraits of his son Carlos and his young daughter by Elizabeth, Clara Eugenia, and he is tormented by thoughts that Clara is actually Carlos’ daughter and not his own.
		Distraught he runs to her apartments and is stopped by the King's chamberlain, Lerma, who tries to persuade Carlos that this is not the case.
	www.sheffieldtheatres.co.uk /education/productions/doncarlos/sceneby.shtml (4537 words)

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