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	Chinese History - Zhou Dynasty å‘¨ (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The founders of the Zhou Dynasty, the Kings Wen and Wu (abbreviated to the couple Wen Wu æ—æ¦), and the Prince Regent Duke Dan of Zhou å‘¨å¬æ—¦, were seen as the ideal monarchs and even as patrons and inventors of every kind of arts.
		The once venerated kings of Zhou, people like King Cheng æç and Kang åº·ç, lost their central position as the Heaven-approved sacrosanct ruler and were challenged by feudal lords that overtook the leadership of the Chinese world.
		The Zhou kings had to flee from their western capital to the east, forced by "barbarian" tribes that invaded the Zhou territory.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Zhou/zhou.html (339 words)

	King Wu of Zhou - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		King Wu of Zhou (Chinese: 周武王; pinyin: zhōu wŭ wáng) or King Wu of Chou was the first sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty.
		Zhou Gong Dan was one of his brothers.
		King Wu was the second son of King Wen of Zhou.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/King_Wu_of_Zhou (266 words)

	King Wen of Zhou - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		King Wen (Chinese: 周文王, pinyin: zhou1 wen2 wang2) (1099–1050 BC) was the founder of the later Zhou Dynasty (周朝).
		King Wen planned the conquest of the current dynasty in power, the Shang Dynasty (商朝), but he died before he could accomplish this.
		King Wen is also known for his contributions to the Yi Jing (易經), a manual of divination based on the eight trigrams (八卦), one of the Five Classics (五經, Wu Jing).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/King_Wen_of_Zhou (207 words)

	ROTK Note (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		King Wen of Zhou devoted himself to the welfare of his people, and with a small number achieved great results; Gou Jian sympathized with all, and with a weak force overcame a powerful opponent.
		» Explainer -- King Wen and Gou Jian -- King Wen, aka the Scholar King, founder of the Zhou Dynasty, father of King Wu.
		» Explainer -- 24 -- King Wen and Gou Jian -- King Wen, aka the Scholar King, founder of the Zhou Dynasty, father of King Wu.
	www.threekingdoms.com /note.php?p=15410 (370 words)

	ROTK Note (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		» Explainer -- King Wen, Duke of Zhou, Yi Yin -- King Wen, aka the Scholar King, founder of the Zhou Dynasty, father of King Wu.
		Yi Yin was was helper and prime minister of King Tang, the founder of Shang Dynasty.
		» Explainer -- 17 -- King Wen, Duke of Zhou, Yi Yin -- King Wen, aka the Scholar King, founder of the Zhou Dynasty, father of King Wu.
	www.threekingdoms.com /note.php?p=7854 (759 words)

	China - MSN Encarta
		Kings were buried with ritual vessels, weapons, jades, and numerous servants and sacrificial victims, suggesting that the Shang believed in some form of afterlife.
		The Zhou dynasty is traditionally divided into two periods: the Western Zhou (1045?-771 bc), when the capital was near modern Xi'an in the west, and the Eastern Zhou (770-256 bc), when the capital was moved further east to modern Luoyang.
		In the Eastern Zhou period, real power lay with the larger states, although the Zhou kings continued as nominal overlords, partly because they were recognized as custodians of the Mandate of Heaven, but also because no single feudal state was strong enough to dominate the others.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573055_16/China.html (2751 words)

	Zhou Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Chinese historical tradition, the rulers of the Zhou displaced the Shang and legitimized their rule by invoking the Mandate of Heaven, the notion that the ruler (the "Son of Heaven") governed by divine right (granted by the Supreme God of Heaven) but that his dethronement would prove that he had lost the mandate.
		In 771 BC, after King You had replaced his queen with a concubine Baosi, the capital was sacked by the joint force of the queen's father, who was the powerful Marquess of Shen, and a nomadic tribe.
		The Warring States Period extends slightly past the 256 BC end date of the Eastern Zhou; this discrepancy is due to the fact that the last Zhou king's reign ended in 256, 35 years before the beginning of the Qin dynasty which ended the Warring States period.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zhou_Dynasty (1050 words)

	Zhou Dynasty
		In the Chinese historical tradition, the rulers of the Zhou displaced the Yin and legitimized their rule by invoking the Mandate of Heaven, the notion that the ruler (the "son of heaven") governed by divine right but that his dethronement would prove that he had lost the mandate.
		In Western histories, the Zhou period is often described as feudal because the Zhou's early decentralized rule invites comparison with medieval rule in Europe.
		In 771 BC, after King You had replaced his queen with a concubine Baosi, the capital was sacked by the joint force of the queen's father, who was the powerful Marquess of Shen, and the barbarians.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/z/zh/zhou_dynasty.html (976 words)

	Chinese Cultural Resources
		King Wen of Zhou had made his state strong and planned the the conquest.
		When king Wu died two years later, his son was still too young to rule the country, so for several years state affairs were directed by king Wu's younger brother, the Duke of Zhou.
		The Zhou rulers used two means to maintain law and order: severe punishments to keep the serfs and common people obedient, and rites to adjust relations among the nobles.
	www.pasadena.edu /chinese/cultural/anicent.html (1592 words)

	List of states during the Eastern Zhou dynasty - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The state was revived by descendants of Gong Gao (公高), a son of King Wen of Zhou from a secondary wife.
		When King You of Zhou (周幽王) wanted to depose of the queen and her son Yi Jiu (宜臼) in favour of a new concubine Bao Si (褒姒) and her son Bo Fu (伯服), Yi Jiu fled to his grandfather who was the marquis of Shen.
		Yi Jiu succeeded as King Ping of Zhou (周平王).
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=2801 (4802 words)

	Zhou Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		King Xiangwang conferred onto Jinn Lord the title of Count and the land of Yangfan or 'he nei' (pronounced as He-rui in ancient Chinese to mean the winding section of the Yellow River).
		One of the sons of King Shaokang of Xia Dynasty was permanently assigned to the Kuaiji land to guard the tomb, and the later Yue Principality was said to have descended from this lineage.
		Zhou King Pingwang moved eastward to Luoyi in 770 BC under the escort of Qin lord, and promised to Qin the land of Feng and Qishan should Qin defeat Quanrong and recover the territories.
	www.republicanchina.org /zhou.html (13765 words)

	Zhou Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Zhou people were farmers who helped their shang rulers by patrolling the countries borders, guarding them against raiders from the west.
		They also believed that if a king ruled well, he earned heaven's support called the "Mandadate Of Heaven." If a king ruled poorly or was evil, he lost the mandadate of heaven and was overthrown.
		Zhou kings spread their rule over china through a system called feudalism.
	schools.monterey.k12.ca.us /~lagunita/China/chinazhou.html (382 words)

	The downfall of the Shang Dynasty - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Dixing was indeed a strong and intelligent king, but after he meet that beauty, he was mesmerize by her beauty and that how he committed crimes that eventually led to a rebellion of Zhou.
		Shang Zhou's favorite concubine was Daji, it was typical of neo-confucious thought to put the blame of a dynasty's downfall on women, so pay the post-Song dynasty writers no heed in regards of the fall of Shang.
		In the western Zhou era's society, land, natural resource, and wealth of the whole country were controlled by the upper stratum of the aristocracy, who led a luxurious and carefree life.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=2373 (4391 words)

	q
		Subsequently, King Wen's ministers and subordinates kept presenting tribute of treasure and beautiful women to King Zhou for the release of King Wen.
		After King Wu succeeded to the throne, he mobilised a large army to march east and allied with those from various neighbouring states.
		King Zhou sent an army of 170,000 soldiers who turned against him, clearing the way for King Wu's forces.
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~hzhuo/pre.html (669 words)

	Zhou Dynasty, Chinese History, Ancient China
		Zhou clan's increase threatened the sovereign of the Shang Dynasty (16
		In the end, Chang got his own territories and strong forces, and made himself king, that is King Wen, with Fengyi (Chang'an District of Xian City today) as the capital.
		King Zhou burned himself to death in despair during the war, which signaled the end of the Shang Dynasty.
	www.warriortours.com /intro/history/zhou (652 words)

	Dynasties of China: Zhou Dynasty
		Having suffered much during the reign of King Zhou, the Shang army turned coat and led the Zhou army to the Shang capital.
		King Zhou committed suicide and the Shang Dynasty collapsed.
		The Zhou Dynasty is traditionally divided into two periods: the Western Zhou (11th century BC to 771 BC) with Haojing as its capital and the Eastern Zhou (770 BC - 221 BC), when the capital was moved east to present Luoyang.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/zhou/index.htm (403 words)

	ROTK Note (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When the obsequies were finished, Sima Yan summoned Jia Chong and Pei Xiu into the Palace, and said, "Cao Cao said that if the celestial mandate rested upon him, he could be no more than King Wen of Zhou, who served as a regent only.
		» Explainer -- King Wen -- King Wen, aka the Scholar King, founder of the Zhou Dynasty, father of King Wu.
		» Explainer -- 27 -- King Wen -- King Wen, aka the Scholar King, founder of the Zhou Dynasty, father of King Wu.
	www.threekingdoms.com /note.php?p=16270 (253 words)

	Informat.io on I Ching
		At the time of Shang's last king, Zhou Wang, King Wen of Zhou is said to have deduced the hexagram and discovered that the hexagrams beginning with Force (乾 qián) revealed the rise of Zhou.
		When King Wu of Zhou, son of King Wen, toppled the Shang Dynasty, his brother Zhou Gong Dan is said to have created Yao Ci (爻辭 yáo cí, "Explanation of Horizontal Lines") to clarify the significance of each horizontal line in each hexagram.
		Its philosophy heavily influenced the literature and government administration of the Zhou Dynasty (1122 BCE - 256 BCE).
	www.informat.io /?title=I_Ching (2640 words)

	Highlights of Chinese Culture and History
		King Wei's son King Xuan had a special liking for men of letters and itinerant strategists who traveled about trying to persuade state rulers to accept their ideas and service.
		The famous thinker mencius, who lived at that time, often led his disciples on lecture tours to propagate the Confucianist doctrine of "benevolence." On their arrival at Jixia Palace of Learning, they were warmly received by King Xuan of Qi who thereafter consulted Mencius on the proper ways of governing a country and its people.
		One day, King Xuan said to Mencius, "I have heard that when King Wen of Zhou staked out a piece of land a full of seventy li in circumference for purposes of hunting, his people considered it not big enough.
	www.chinatown-online.com /cultureeye/highlights/contention.htm (813 words)

	Plutschow - Xunzi on Human Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		They prefer to render these sage kings meaningful to their own contemporary socio-political needs and to use them as metaphors for what they believed the ideal state to be in their own times.
		The ancient kings hated such disorder, and therefore they established ritual and right in order to curb it, to train man's desires and to provide for their satisfaction.
		Beginning in the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) it was customary practice to portray the last king(s) or emperor(s) of the preceding state or dynasty as evil (something that justified dynastic change), and to portray the founders of new dynasties as moral examples.
	www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu /ap0801/xunzi.htm (3065 words)

	Origine du Yi-king, le livre des mutations
		Lors du règne du dernier des Shang, le roi Wen de Zhou tira les hexagrammes et aboutit à un classement qui mettait l'hexagramme ciel (qián) en tête : c'était l'annonce d'un changement dynastique.
		Zhou Gong, frère du roi Wu, acheva l'ouvrage en rédigeant les yaoci, explications ligne par ligne des différents hexagrammes.
		Le Zhou Yi aurait échappé à l'autodafé ordonné par Qin Shihuang grâce à Li Si qui l'aurait classé par ruse dans les livres de médecine et de divination.
	www.boudry.net /presentation.html (601 words)

	Chinese Medicine
		The oldest "Lian Shan Yi"(continous mountain Yi), the second "Gui Zang Yi" (return to the origin Yi), and the third the "Zhou Yi" (the Yi of Zhou dynasty).
		The legend goes that king Wen, of the Zhou dynasty, decided to open the 8 trigrams from the trigram Qian(heaven), not like in the previous Xia and Shang dynasties, where they were opened from Gen (mountain) and Kun (earth) respectively.
		In later days the "Lian Shan Yi" school of thought, was represented by the classic "Tai Xuan Jing" (the great mysterious classic), and the "Gui Zang Yi" by the classic "Yuan Bao Jing" (the origin surrounds classic).
	www.taijichinesemedicine.com /dao.htm (672 words)

	King Wen, Wen Wang
		It was Wen Wang's son æ¦ç Wu Wang who finally defeated them, but he then declared Wen Wang the posthumous ruler.
		Wen Wang, at the time of Zhou Xin, was the only one to carry out virtuous rule.
		After Wen Wang (King Wen), who was serving as Chief of the West for the Duke of Zhou, met Lü by the Wei River (see Weibin Yin and Shi Xian) and, recognizing his merit, enticed him out of exile.
	www.silkqin.com /09hist/qinshi/wenwang.htm (301 words)

	timeline for early china
		King Ling of Chu prevails as hegemon from 538 until his disastrous defeat in Wu Han Qi visits the state of Zheng, where Zi-chan is prime minister
		Hegemony of King Fu-chai of Wu; Wu invaded by Yue armies of King Gou-jian
		Marquis Wen becomes ruler of Wei and initiates call for wise men from all states to join his court.
	www.indiana.edu /~g380/Time.html (701 words)

	Jiang Taigong: The Supreme Strategist
		He was the prime minister for the first Zhou emperor and his loyalty and farsightedness in governing spread his fame throughout China.
		The opportunity occurred one day, when King Wen decided to go hunting in the area near the river, where he saw Lu Shang sitting on the grass, fishing with a bamboo pole that had a barbless hook attached to it.
		As King Wen of the Zhou state (central Shaanxi), saw Lu Shang fishing, he was reminded of the advice of his father and grandfather before him, which was to search for talented people.
	www.jadedragon.com /articles/meh1223.html (703 words)

	Yijing Dao - Edward L Shaughnessy's 'Before Confucius'
		Shaughnessy, transmuting Gu's guess into fact, writes in his introduction that his first essay is based on 'one historical vignette mentioned in the line statements of the Classic of Changes, the marriage of King Wen of Zhou … to a daughter of the penultimate Shang king Di Yi …' (p 6).
		For example, Cho-yun Hsu and Katheryn M Linduff, in 'Western Chou Civilization' (Yale University Press, 1988), cite Fu Sinian in stating that 'King Wen of the Chou had married a Shang princess from whom was born King Wu.
		King Wen's mother, Tairen, according to the Shijing (ode 236, 'Da Ming'), came from Shang to marry King Ji in the Zhou capital.
	www.biroco.com /yijing/shaughnessy.htm (1709 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cao Huan was a grandson of Cao Cao and son of Cao Yu ## (King Yu of Yan ##).
		This means she was the root of the king's civilizing influence, the source which gave birth to his people.
		The granddaughter of the empress's elder brother Yan became empress of the king of Qi.
	jefferson.village.virginia.edu /saxon/xwomen_test/texts/sanguo.xml (14759 words)

	Free-TermPapers.com - The Correlation Between Chinese History And Beliefs
		King Wen had died before his conquest had been victorious so his son, King Wu, had assumed the conquest.
		King Wu had become the founder of the Zhou dynasty, but had died two years later during an intense battle with the last of the Shang family.
		In effect of the extinguishing kingdom, the number of states decreased from 1,000 during the Western Zhou to a mere 100 during the Spring and Autumn Period and finally to the minute amount of twenty during the Warring States Period.
	www.free-termpapers.com /tp/41/sxr54.shtml (2002 words)

	Romance of the Three Kingdoms X: Officer Biographies
		Led an armored troop that was said to be invincible to both sword and arrow, but he and his men were both burned to death in battle against Shu.
		He admonished Yuan Shu, who was attempting to use the imperial seal to pretend to be emperor, by telling him the old tale of King Wen of Zhou.
		He admonished Yuan Shu by telling him the old tale of King Wen of Zhou, who rendered service to the Emperor, even though he possessed 2/3 of the land.
	kongming.net /10/biographies/?kingdom=Other (5888 words)

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