King Zahir of Afghanistan

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	Lateline - 24/09/2001: Interview: Prince Mustapha Zahir, grandson of Afghanistans deposed king . Australian Broadcasting Corp
		Tony Jones interviews Prince Mustapha Zahir, grandson of and special emissary to King Mohammad Zahir Shah of Afghanistan, who was deposed in 1973.
		PRINCE MUSTAPHA ZAHIR: Well, of course the initial operations that was supposed to be undertaken by the American special forces, were to root out terrorists, remnants of bin Laden's followers.
		If Afghanistan had the privilege or the luxury of having a democratically-elected government, chosen by the people of Afghanistan, if Afghanistan had an infrastructure, if Afghanistan had an educational system in place, if there was no war in Afghanistan, and there was peace, security, and stability, my countrymen would not be leaving their homeland.
	www.abc.net.au /lateline/content/2001/s375216.htm

	Archives Hold Rich History of Afghan-American Ties
		he deposed king of Afghanistan who took a leadership role in the UN-sponsored talks to determine the future government of Afghanistan was once celebrated by President Kennedy and the American people as a champion of Afghanistan independence, according to state documents and photographs found in the archives of the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum.
		At a White House State dinner that evening, King Zahir observed that the social and political aspirations of the Afghan people were akin to those which had inspired hosts of immigrants to the United States.
		The deposed king has recently played a central role in the establishment of a post-Taliban government in Afghanistan.
	www.cs.umb.edu /~rwhealan/jfk/newsletter_winter2002_04.html

	Mohammed Daoud Khan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Khan was known for his progressive policies especially in relation to the rights of women and for initiating two five-year modernization plans (1956–1961 and 1962–1967) when he served as Prime Minister under King Zahir and a seven-year plan in 1976 when he was President.
		On July 17, 1973, Khan seized power from his cousin King Zahir and proclaimed Afghanistan a republic.
		Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan[1] (July 18, 1909 – April 28, 1978) was an Afghan statesman and President of the Republic of Afghanistan from 1973 until his assassination in 1978 as a result of a revolution led by the quasi-Marxist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mohammed_Daoud_Khan

	In Afghan town, warlords clash over the king's return csmonitor.com
		Zahir Shah, who left Afghanistan in 1973 for Britain for treatment of an eye injured while playing volleyball, was ousted by a coup d'état.
		Royalists are concerned that Afghanistan's king is still out of the country nearly two months after the collapse of Taliban rule.
		The king is too weak to assume his rule in Afghanistan.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/0129/p07s01-wosc.html

	CNN.com - Exiled Afghan king wants to unite country - October 1, 2001
		ROME, Italy (CNN) -- The grandson of Afghanistan's exiled king Mohammed Zahir Shah says that the former monarch does not intend to return to Afghanistan to rule the country himself if the Taliban regime is toppled, but would agree to serve as unifying figurehead.
		On Sunday, the Taliban supreme leader Mullah Mohammed Omar accused the United States of trying to install a "puppet government" to replace the hardline Islamic regime, and warned "if (the king) tries to come back to Afghanistan, he has chosen his destruction."
		On Sunday, a delegation from the U.S. Congress met in Rome with the 87-year-old former king, as well as members of the opposition Northern Alliance, to discuss what type of government could replace the Taliban.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/09/30/gen.king.congress

	Once (and future?) Afghan king csmonitor.com
		Tribal elders in three provinces of Afghanistan held a meeting in Khost Sunday, and decided that anyone supporting a "puppet government [of King Zahir]" in Afghanistan would have their house set on fire and would be fined 200,000 Pakistani rupees.
		This weekend, King Zahir - deposed in 1973 - met with several commanders of anti-Taliban groups to discuss a two-year transition to democracy, enforced temporarily by the presence of United Nations - or US - troops.
		But the king is seen by his backers as the best way to form a successful post-Taliban government in Afghanistan - although officials in Pakistan, a key ally in any coalition, voice deep skepticism about the king.
	www.csmonitor.com /2001/1001/p1s1-wogi.html

	USATODAY.com - Return of Afghan king awaited
		The king's presence would strengthen the central government, to the detriment of the various warlords who enjoy almost unchallenged authority over vast sections of Afghanistan.
		The king, Mohammad Zahir Shah, was thrown from power in a 1973 coup and is a distant figure to many Afghans.
		The king's fans unabashedly expect him to sweep away the ethnic rivalries that have torn Afghanistan apart.
	www.usatoday.com /news/sept11/2002/04/15/afghan-king-full.htm

	The Once and Future King?
		The record is incomplete--some material remains classified and the records of the State Department's Afghanistan desk for this period are unavailable--but the extant documentation provides insights into the character of King Zahir's regime, including political reform efforts, internal opposition, and the problems that undermined the monarchy.
		King Zahir presided over a cautious political and social modernization effort that inspired the wrath of Afghanistan's budding Islamist movement.
		U.S. Embassy Kabul to Department of State, Cable 4745, 2 August 1971, "Audience with King Zahir," Confidential, 8 pp.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB59

	[The Harborsite] Dossier: The King of Afghanistan
		PT Who is the king of Afghanistan, and why should anyone think he can head a new Afghani government? Mohammad Zahir Shah, 86, reigned from 1933 to 1973 as the last monarch of the ethnic Pashtun dynasty that lasted more than 200 years.
		The previous king, Amanullah, a blood relative of Nadir Shah's, abdicated in 1929 when his political reforms angered Islamic leaders. Educated in France, Zahir Shah showed an early interest in literature.
		The previous king, Amanullah, a blood relative of Nadir Shah's, abdicated in 1929 when his political reforms angered Islamic leaders.
	grunt.space.swri.edu /pipermail/harborsite/2001-September/000038.html

	USATODAY.com - Ex-king endorses Afghan leader
		KABUL, Afghanistan — The former king of Afghanistan endorsed the nation's interim leader, Hamid Karzai, on Monday after a day of confusion and intrigue delayed the start of a national council to pick a new government.
		Karzai said Zahir Shah "will continue to be the father of this nation." He said the former king will "have the highest protocol," an indication that Zahir Shah would hold at least an honorary post in a new Karzai administration.
		The opening of the council was postponed for at least a day amid rumors that former king Mohammad Zahir Shah was a presidential candidate.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2002/06/11/afghan-leader-usat.htm

	Mohammed Zahir Shah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mohammed Zahir Shah (born October 16, 1914) was the last King of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973.
		He attended the December 7 2004 swearing in of Hamid Karzai as President of Afghanistan in Kabul.
		On November 8, 1933, he was proclaimed king after his father, Mohammed Nadir Shah, was assassinated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mohammed_Zahir_Shah

	CTV.ca - Former Afghan king visits with old friends - CTV News, Shows and Sports -- Canadian Television
		The king's homecoming is part of a UN-sponsored agreement on Afghanistan's future that was forged in Germany last December.
		Interim Prime Minister Hamid Karzai, a distant relative of the former king, accompanied Zahir Shah on his trip from Rome along with about 80 other people.
		Zahir Shah ruled Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973, when he was overthrown by his cousin in a palace coup.
	www.ctv.ca /servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/1024898389257_20307589?hub=CTVNewsAt11&subhub=PrintStory

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Zahir Shah was deposed in a bloodless coup in 1973 by Mohammad Daud Khan, his brother-in-law, who proclaimed Afghanistan a republic with himself as its president.
		Zahir Shah is supposed to be present in June at a traditional conference of Afghan tribal and religious leaders, politicians, intellectuals, military commanders, and other notables.
		Zahir Shah came to the throne at the age of 19 after the assassination of his father in November 1933.
	www.rferl.org /features/2002/03/26032002100926.asp

	USATODAY.com - Afghans look to former king to unite nation
		Abdullah said Zahir Shah was too nervous to sleep on the flight and could not turn away from the window when he first saw the mountains of Afghanistan from the air.
		KABUL, Afghanistan — Former king Mohammad Zahir Shah, who returned home Thursday after 29 years in exile, will now try to help unite his war-torn country.
		Zahir Shah took the throne in 1933 and ruled until 1973, when he was deposed by a cousin while visiting Italy.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2002/04/18/afghan-king.htm

	GN Online: Zahir Shah says he is not a candidate
		The inaugural session of the Emergency Loya Jirga is now set to open today, after differences among rival Afghan factions over the candidature of former King Zahir Shah and the incumbent head of the interim set up, Hamid Karzai to head the new transitional government in Afghanistan, derailed yesterday's formal opening.
		Afghanistan's former king declared yesterday he was not a candidate for any post in the new government after a controversy over his role forced a one-day delay in the opening of a grand council to select new leaders for this war-devastated country.
		The controversy over the role of the aged, former king threatened to derail the carefully prepared plans for the Loya Jirga, which is to decide on a new form of government and choose ministers for an interim government to rule until elections in 18 months.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/news.asp?ArticleID=54063

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Formation of a New Afghan Government Overshadows Military Campaign
		Zahir Shah and the Northern Alliance have declared an intention to form a 120-man "Supreme Council for the National Unity of Afghanistan," which would be made up of 50 representatives each from the king and the Northern Alliance.
		Zahir Shah, 87, who was deposed in a palace coup by his cousin in 1973, has lived in exile in Rome and since 1989, when the Soviet Union withdrew its troops from Afghanistan.
		Sources say the king has told the European foreign ministers that final agreement on the composition of the Supreme Council would be followed by the creation of a small 10-12 man committee that could act as a political and military decision-making body.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav101701.shtml

	BBC News SOUTH ASIA Kabul joy as ex-king returns
		Former Afghan king Zahir Shah has returned to Kabul from Italy amid tight security after almost 30 years of exile.
		He has said that he is not coming with the intention of reclaiming the throne of Afghanistan, but he is expected to open the loya jirga or grand tribal council to be convened in June.
		"Zahir Shah has been given a state house, but it's not one of the more magnificent palaces"
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/south_asia/1936293.stm

	The Once and Future King? Mohammad Zahir Shah, October 5, 2001
		In recent years the King has insisted that he is willing to return to lead Afghanistan as an elected head of state or to serve in some other capacity, not necessarily to reclaim the throne, though he has a number of sons.
		Though many saw the King as weak at the time, it was the last period of genuine social peace that Afghanistan has known, and many now yearn for those days, whatever their weaknesses at the time.
		The King was deposed and a Republic proclaimed.The King abdicated and Daoud (himself anti-Western in orientation), proclaimed a republic, but was overthrown by Communists in 1978; in 1979 the Soviet Union invaded the country.
	www.theestimate.com /public/100501_profile2.html

	Afghanistan's King Shah
		According to diplomatic reports from Rome, Zahir Shah is prepared to head a transitional government in Afghanistan, but as "head of state" and not as king.
		In retrospect, the king now says that the great decline of his country during the 1980s and the 1990s came about because Afghanistan became "a pawn in the game between the powers on the Asian continent, and the clear results can be seen today." But the bulk of his criticism is directed at Pakistan.
		Sources in the office of the former king have said that senior members in the Afghani forces that are opposed to the Taliban have agreed to set up a council of war, consisting of commanders, tribal elders and former military officers.
	www.charactercomputing.com /attack/muhammadshah.htm

	Ex-king of Afghanistan to help if Taliban ousted - 09/24/01
		Ex-Afghanistan King Mohammad Zahir Shah does not want to return as a monarch but hopes to help his country with a Post-taliban transition, an aide said.
		And the king is the right person," Nasser Zia, ambassador of the Afghan government in exile, said in an interview published Sunday in the Rome daily Il Messaggero.
		ROME -- Afghanistan's exiled king stands ready to help his country form a transitional government if the Taliban are overthrown, an aide said Sunday as the ousted monarch prepared to meet with a UN representative.
	www.detnews.com /2001/nation/0109/24/a04-301758.htm

	Archives Hold Rich History of Afghan-American Ties
		he deposed king of Afghanistan who took a leadership role in the UN-sponsored talks to determine the future government of Afghanistan was once celebrated by President Kennedy and the American people as a champion of Afghanistan independence, according to state documents and photographs found in the archives of the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum.
		October 15, 1914) was King of Afghanistan from 1933-1973.
		The deposed king has recently played a central role in the establishment of a post-Taliban government in Afghanistan.
	www.cs.umb.edu /~rwhealan/jfk/newsletter_winter2002_04.html

	Pravda.RU Ex-king of Afghanistan undergoes medical treatment in UAE
		Ex-king of Afghanistan Mohammad Zahir Shah, 89, was brought to a hospital in the United Arab Emirates last Tuesday, the PPI agency quoted the king's spokesman as saying.
		Most Afghanis, especially, the elder generation, recollect the golden age of the king's rule with nostalgia when the country was gradually moving to progress.
		During his official visit to Norway starting on June 1 Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov will be received by King Harald V, Norwegian ambassador to Russia Oyvind Nordsletten told RIA Novosti on Wednesday More details...
	newsfromrussia.com /world/2004/05/21/54058.html

	BBC News SOUTH ASIA Afghanistan's former king holds court
		This is Afghanistan of old, the centuries-old bond between a king and his people.
		It is his presence that speaks so powerfully - for many Afghans he is a symbol of a distant past when Afghanistan was at peace with itself and the rest of the world.
		But once a king, always a king - Zahir Shah points out in his first interview since coming home that if the people want a monarchy, he can't refuse.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_1953000/1953726.stm

	TELAI2
		November 1936), younger daughter of H.M. Al-Mutawakkil-ala-Allah, Pairaw ud-din-i-Matin-i-Islam Muhammad Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan, by his wife, H.M. Queen Humaira Begum, eldest daughter of Colonel H.E. Sardar Ahmad Shah Khan, Minister of the Royal Court.
		November1946), fourth son of H.M. Al-Mutawakkil Allah, Pairaw ud-din-i-Matin-i-Islam Muhammad Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan, by his wife, H.M. Queen Humaira Begum, eldest daughter of Colonel H.E. Sardar Ahmad Shah Khan, Minister of the Royal Court.
		Faizi-Skandar), daughter of H.E. Sardar-i-'Ala Muhammad Hassan Jan, GCVO, sometime Court Chamberlain, by his wife H.R.H. Princess Razia Begum, Nur us-Siraj, DBE, daughter of younger daughter of H.M. Siraj ul-millat wa ud-din, Amir al-Mumenin Habibu'llah Shah, Sarkar-i-Wala, King of Afghanistan, GCB, GCMG.
	4dw.net /royalark/Afghanistan/telai2.htm

	Worldandnation: King hopes to bring peace home
		It has been Zahir Shah's home since he was overthrown in a coup led by a cousin in the summer of 1973, but his aides say the former king has always seen it as temporary, until he could return to his homeland.
		When Zahir Shah finally leaves his Roman villa to return to Afghanistan, it will at first be to a special house built for him outside Kabul.
		Zahir Shah's long-awaited return to Kabul is drawing near, and when he arrives he will play what will probably be his last hand in trying to bring peace by a country torn by war for more than two decades.
	www.sptimes.com /2002/03/21/news_pf/Worldandnation/King_hopes_to_bring_p.shtml

	Royalty.nu - Royalty in Afghanistan - History, News, Books
		King Mohammad Zahir Shah was overthrown in a military coup in 1973.
		December 8, 2004 - Karzai sworn in as Afghan leader (with photos of Zahir Shah and the Aga Khan).
		Afghan Diary: Zahir Shah to Taliban by Jyotindra Nath Dixit.
	www.royalty.nu /Asia/Afghanistan.html

	Afghanland.com Afghanistan Mohammad Zahir Shah
		The son of King Nadir Shah of Afghanistan, Muhammad Zahir Shah was born on October 15, 1914, in the capital city of Kabul.
		Muhammad Zahir, last in the 226-year dynasty of Pashtun monarchs to rule Afghanistan, emerged in the fall of 2001 as a symbol of unity for his country.
		Afghanistan ordered non-diplomatic personnel from all belligerents to leave, and a loya jirga called by the king supported his policy of absolute neutrality.
	www.afghanland.com /history/zahir.html

	village voice > news > Afghanistan's Sentimental King by Camelia E. Fard
		The deposed Afghan king could provide a sort of figurehead for a new coalition government in Afghanistan—if the United Nations and the Northern Alliance now steamrolling through the country agree.
		Yesterday, the Northern Alliance told CNN Zahir was welcome to return—but as for as Zahir's role in government, one negotiator said, "Don't place any bets yet." The former ruler, for his part, told CNN he would travel to his home country as soon as possible.
		Zahir: They were difficult years for me, even though life was generally rather serene here.
	www.villagevoice.com /issues/0146/fard.php

	BBC News SOUTH ASIA Profile: Ex-king Zahir Shah
		The constitution was the blueprint of the country's last King, Mohammad Zahir Shah.
		Zahir Shah's youngest son, Mirwais, told the Washington Post newspaper that his family wanted to see Afghanistan "have peace and for the people to decide their government in a democratic manner, with free elections".
		The former king has spent the last 28 years exiled in Italy, from where he has witnessed his country laid low by war, and the rise of the harsh Islamic regime of the Taleban.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/south_asia/1573181.stm

	Afghanistan Country Study
		Zahir Shah, the last king of Afghanistan, was a patient man. For 30 of his 40 years on the throne he accepted the tutelege of powerful advisers in the royal family-his uncles for the first 20 years and his cousin, Mohammad Daoud Khan, for another 10 years.
		In March 1963 King Zahir Shah, with the backing of the royal family, asked Daoud for his resignation on the basis that the country's economy was deteriorating because of Daoud's Pashtunistan policy.
		The stability Zahir Shah had sought through limited democracy under a constitution had not been achieved, and there was a generally favorable popular response to the reemergence of Daoud, even though it meant the demise of the monarchy established by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747.
	www.gl.iit.edu /govdocs/afghanistan/KingMuhammadZahirShah.html

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In the News (Tue 22 Dec 09)