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Topic: King of Afghanistan

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	Afghanistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the period of British intervention in Afghanistan, ethnic Pashtun territories were divided by the Durand Line and would lead to strained relations between Afghanistan and British India and later the new state of Pakistan over what came to known as the Pashtunistan debate.
		Afghanistan is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest.
		International efforts to rebuild Afghanistan lead to the formulation of the Afghan Interim Authority (AIA), as a result of the December 2001 Bonn Agreement, and later addressed at the Tokyo Donors Conference for Afghan Reconstruction in January 2002, where $4.5 billion was collected for a trust fund to be administered by the World Bank Group.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Afghanistan (2589 words)

	Guardian \| UN visit boosts claims of ex-king of Afghanistan
		Afghanistan's exiled king, Zahir Shah, yesterday moved into the limelight as a candidate to lead a transitional government should the US succeed in overthrowing the Taliban.
		In a flurry of interviews and statements the former king's aides made it clear he was ready to return to Kabul and form a government after 28 years in exile.
		Francesc Vendrell, the UN chief's personal representative for Afghanistan, met the 86-year-old, who is said to be in good health, for several hours yesterday, according to the former king's aides.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4262986-108952,00.html (450 words)

	TitanicUSA
		During the early 1970s, however, Afghanistan was beset by drought and famine and the demands of Pashtun tribes along the border with Pakistan for autonomy.
		Afghanistan, officially Islamic State of Afghanistan, republic in southwestern Asia, bounded on the north by Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan; on the east by China and the part of the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir controlled by Pakistan; on the south by Pakistan; and on the west by Iran.
		Afghanistan was a monarchy from 1747 to 1973, when the king was overthrown by military officers and the country was proclaimed a republic; the republic dissolved in 1992 as the country erupted in civil war.
	www.titanicusa.com /king.htm (1048 words)

	USATODAY.com - Return of Afghan king awaited (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The king, Mohammad Zahir Shah, was thrown from power in a 1973 coup and is a distant figure to many Afghans.
		The king's presence would strengthen the central government, to the detriment of the various warlords who enjoy almost unchallenged authority over vast sections of Afghanistan.
		The king's fans unabashedly expect him to sweep away the ethnic rivalries that have torn Afghanistan apart.
	www.usatoday.com /news/sept11/2002/04/15/afghan-king-full.htm (621 words)

	Afghanistan's Web Site -@ Afghanistan History
		Plant remains at the foothill of the Hindu Kush mountains indicate, that North Afghanistan was one of the earliest places to domestic plants and animals.
		King of Afghanistan (1803 -10; second time 1839 - 42) whose alliance with the British led to his death.
		He was well on the road toward reunifying the whole of Afghanistan when the British, in collaboration with an ex-king (Shah Shuja), invade Afghanistan to curtail the growing Russian and Persian influence.
	www.afghanistans.com /Information/History (2369 words)

	Historic Pictures of Afghanistan.
		He was crowned in Kabul over the prior claims of his uncle Nasrullah, whom he denounced as a usurper and an accomplice in the murder of his father.
		King Amanullah (he assumed the title of king in 1926) was an ardent reformer and contemporary of like-minded rulers, Muhammad Reza in Iran and Kemal Ataturk in Turkey.
		He was proclaimed king on November 8, 1933, within a few hours after his father's assassination.
	kabulwebsite.tripod.com /historic.html (398 words)

	The Once and Future King?
		The record is incomplete--some material remains classified and the records of the State Department's Afghanistan desk for this period are unavailable--but the extant documentation provides insights into the character of King Zahir's regime, including political reform efforts, internal opposition, and the problems that undermined the monarchy.
		Resigned to Afghanistan's tilt to the Soviet Union, a necessity imposed by political geography, the Nixon administration did not brood over who ruled that country as long as its rulers maintained basic continuity of foreign policy and did not move against U.S. interests.
		King Zahir presided over a cautious political and social modernization effort that inspired the wrath of Afghanistan's budding Islamist movement.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB59 (2297 words)

	King of Afghanistan 1907
		Afghanistan became a Freemason would be of value as a record of an interesting and important event.
		Afghanistan was then proposed as a candidate for initiation by R.W. Bro.
		Afghanistan was thus by no means an unimportant factor in the successful issue of the war and it is pleasant to think that
	www.irvinevalley.org /InitiationofAmirofAfghanistan.htm (1969 words)

	Former king’s return to Afghanistan postponed
		KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) - After months of preparation and high hopes, the return of Afghanistan’s former king to his homeland was postponed yesterday for at least a few more weeks because of security concerns.
		While the king’s aides said the Italians were responsible, family maneuverings might also be to blame for the abrupt change in plans.
		Several of the king’s sons, grandsons, aides and other relatives are active in Afghan affairs and would like to have roles in any future administration of Afghanistan.
	www.showmenews.com /2002/Mar/20020324News011.asp (501 words)

	Afghanistan's King Shah
		In retrospect, the king now says that the great decline of his country during the 1980s and the 1990s came about because Afghanistan became "a pawn in the game between the powers on the Asian continent, and the clear results can be seen today." But the bulk of his criticism is directed at Pakistan.
		The king himself was then perceived by the power centers in his country as an indecisive ruler and court intrigues were relentless.
		Sources in the office of the former king have said that senior members in the Afghani forces that are opposed to the Taliban have agreed to set up a council of war, consisting of commanders, tribal elders and former military officers.
	www.charactercomputing.com /attack/muhammadshah.htm (1685 words)

	Afghanistan
		King Muhammed Zâhir acceeded to the throne on 8 November 1933 (on the assassination of his father, King Nahir Shah).
		The day after the Taliban city of Kadahar was about to fall, and former President Rabbiani was the same day expected to declare himself as the country's new leader and to "lead the provinces freed from the Taleban and also head the task of freeing provinces now under the control of the Islamist militia".
		The Constitution of Afghanistan was signed into law on Monday 26 January 2004 by the President of the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan.
	www.geocities.com /dagtho/afghanistan.html (938 words)

	Afghanistan—Who's Who
		Afghanistan's location between India, Persia, China, and the steppes of Central Asia has led to a history dominated by invasion.
		An ethnic Pashtun from the city of Kandahar, Karzai is leader of the powerful 500,000-strong Populzai clan, which has supplied Afghanistan's kings since 1747.
		In 1973, Daoud deposed the king and proclaimed a republic.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/afghanistan1.html (2051 words)

	Knowledge King - Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline (TAP) is a proposed natural gas pipeline, being developed by the Asian Development Bank.
		The pipeline will transport natural gas, from the Caspian Sea, through Afghanistan, to Pakistan and the Indian Ocean.
		The Afghani government is expected to receive 8% of the project's revenue.
	www.knowledgeking.net /encyclopedia/t/tr/trans_afghanistan_pipeline.html (96 words)

	Mohammad Zahir Shah, King (1914) : Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mohammad Zahir, born in 1914, was the king of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973.
		Despite the fact that Mohammad Zahir was the king, his uncles (Mohammad Hashim, and Shah Mahmud) were the ones ruling the country for many years.
		In July of 1973, while he was out of the country, his cousin Daoud Khan overthrew him; Zahir Shah decided instead to live in exile (Italy) for decades instead of regaining his throne.
	af.pagenation.com /390029.page (183 words)

	BBC News \| SOUTH ASIA \| Profile: Ex-king Zahir Shah
		The former king has spent the last 28 years exiled in Italy, from where he has witnessed his country laid low by war, and the rise of the harsh Islamic regime of the Taleban.
		The exiled former king has said he has no desire to see his family returned to power - but added that he would be "ready to return to Afghanistan if it serves to help my people".
		And while the former king wants to see his country rebuilt with the help of aid from institutions like the United Nations and European Union, he is adamant that its future should be decided by its people alone.
	news.bbc.co.uk /low/english/world/south_asia/newsid_1573000/1573181.stm (509 words)

	Archives Hold Rich History of Afghan-American Ties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		he deposed king of Afghanistan who took a leadership role in the UN-sponsored talks to determine the future government of Afghanistan was once celebrated by President Kennedy and the American people as a champion of Afghanistan independence, according to state documents and photographs found in the archives of the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum.
		The deposed king has recently played a central role in the establishment of a post-Taliban government in Afghanistan.
		October 15, 1914) was King of Afghanistan from 1933-1973.
	www.cs.umb.edu /~rwhealan/jfk/newsletter_winter2002_04.html (416 words)

	Pravda.RU:Ex-king of Afghanistan undergoes medical treatment in UAE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ex-king of Afghanistan Mohammad Zahir Shah, 89, was brought to a hospital in the United Arab Emirates last Tuesday, the PPI agency quoted the king's spokesman as saying.
		Zahir Shah was Afghanistan's ruler for 40 years before a bloodless coup orchestrated by his cousin, Mohammad Daoud in 1973.
		Most Afghanis, especially, the elder generation, recollect the golden age of the king's rule with nostalgia when the country was gradually moving to progress.
	newsfromrussia.com /world/2004/05/21/54058_.html (268 words)

	Portsmouth Herald World/National News: Ex-king of Afghanistan Favored
		The first goal of the talks, which began Tuesday, is to decide on an interim administration that will run Afghanistan until a national council, or loya jirga, can convene, possibly as early as March.
		Following the transitional administration, tribal leaders convening an initial loya jirga would approve a transitional government to be in place for up to two years, leading to a second loya jirga, which would approve a constitution and set the stage for elections.
		Key to any accord is the northern alliance, a coalition of warlords that has gained control of much of Afghanistan since U.S. forces began bombing suspected terrorist targets in the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks on New York and Washington.
	www.seacoastonline.com /2001news/11_28_w2.htm (598 words)

	BBC News \| SOUTH ASIA \| Afghanistan's former king holds court
		It is his presence that speaks so powerfully - for many Afghans he is a symbol of a distant past when Afghanistan was at peace with itself and the rest of the world.
		This is Afghanistan of old, the centuries-old bond between a king and his people.
		But once a king, always a king - Zahir Shah points out in his first interview since coming home that if the people want a monarchy, he can't refuse.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_1953000/1953726.stm (568 words)

	BBC News \| SOUTH ASIA \| UN moots return of Afghan king (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As Afghanistan's war has dragged on, the idea of a broad-based interim government has often been raised as a first step towards peace and a permanent political settlement for the country.
		Now the UN's special representative on Afghanistan, Francis Vendrell, is urging Washington and its European allies to bring moderate Afghans into a coalition aimed at replacing the Taleban in the event that the current crisis deals them a fatal blow.
		The idea of bringing a king back to power at the beginning of the 21st century sounds anachronistic, but during his 40-year rule King Zahir Shah emerged as a cautious moderniser and reformer.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_1557000/1557021.stm (539 words)

	cbc.ca
		"It is a new Afghanistan that welcomes all its sons, including the former king of Afghanistan – a father-figure, a symbol of unity," Karzai told a news conference at the airport.
		There are concerns for the former king's safety, as some Afghans – Northern Alliance supporters especially – resent the fact the former king was absent during the war years following the Soviet invasion in 1979.
		The former king was ousted in a coup in 1973.
	www.cbc.ca /cgi-bin/templates/email.cgi?/2002/04/16/king010415 (185 words)

	Ex-King Of Afghanistan Calls For Liberation Of His Homeland
		The 86-year-old King Mohammad Zahir Shah, who has been living in exile in Rome since 1973, made his ringing call in a statement broadcast to Afghanistan from Italy on Thursday night.
		The king was forced into exile by a 1973 coup that marked the start of instability leading to a 1979 Soviet invasion and a civil war.
		The king said he felt a "national duty'' to help Afghanistan by calling what he referred to as a Loya Jirga, an assembly made up of representatives from all tribal and ethnic groups.
	www.rense.com /general13/exking.htm (445 words)

	Afghanistan by Frederick Engels
		The geographical position of Afghanistan, and the peculiar character of the people, invest the country with a political importance that can scarcely be over-estimated in the affairs of Central Asia.
		Ghuznee, the impregnable stronghold of Afghanistan, was taken, July 22, a deserter having brought information that the Kabul gate was the only one which had not been walled up; it was accordingly blown down, and the place was then stormed.
		Intent on increasing Britain’s influence in Afghanistan and weakening Russia’s in Persia, the British Government declared the Shah’s actions to be hostile to Britain and demanded that he should lift the siege.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1857/afghanistan (3945 words)

	ABC News: Karzai to Address Afghan Tribal Leaders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai walks towards the inauguration ceremony honoring him in as Afghanistan's first popularly elected president, in Salaam Khana in Kabul, Afghanistan, Tuesday, Dec. 7, 2004.
		Vice President Dick Cheney, the highest-ranking U.S. official to visit Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban three years ago, was among the 600 guests.
		Karzai was selected, with strong U.S. support, as Afghanistan's interim leader after an American bombing campaign drove the Taliban from power for harboring Osama bin Laden, the chief suspect in the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=310694 (523 words)

	[The Harborsite] Dossier: The King of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The previous king, Amanullah, a blood relative of Nadir Shah's, abdicated in 1929 when his political reforms angered Islamic leaders.
		PT Who is the king of Afghanistan, and why should anyone think he can head a new Afghani government? Mohammad Zahir Shah, 86, reigned from 1933 to 1973 as the last monarch of the ethnic Pashtun dynasty that lasted more than 200 years.
		The previous king, Amanullah, a blood relative of Nadir Shah's, abdicated in 1929 when his political reforms angered Islamic leaders. Educated in France, Zahir Shah showed an early interest in literature.
	grunt.space.swri.edu /pipermail/harborsite/2001-September/000038.html (797 words)

	Online NewsHour Update: Former King Returns to Afghanistan -- April 18, 2002
		The king is slated to head a meeting of tribal leaders that will outline the future of the war-torn nation after years of extremist Taliban rule.
		Earlier plans for the king's return were scrapped repeatedly last month because of concerns for his safety.
		Since then, Afghanistan has been plunged into one conflict after another: the 1979-1989 Soviet invasion, a civil war that led to the 1996 rise of the Taliban, and now the U.S.-led war on terrorism that began last year.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/updates/afghanking_04-18-02.html (398 words)

	Ex-king of Afghanistan to help if Taliban ousted - 09/24/01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ex-Afghanistan King Mohammad Zahir Shah does not want to return as a monarch but hopes to help his country with a Post-taliban transition, an aide said.
		ROME -- Afghanistan's exiled king stands ready to help his country form a transitional government if the Taliban are overthrown, an aide said Sunday as the ousted monarch prepared to meet with a UN representative.
		And the king is the right person," Nasser Zia, ambassador of the Afghan government in exile, said in an interview published Sunday in the Rome daily Il Messaggero.
	www.detnews.com /2001/nation/0109/24/a04-301758.htm (407 words)

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