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	Louis IX of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		King Louis IX of France or Saint Louis (April 25, 1214/1215–August 25, 1270) was King of France from 1226 until his death.
		Born at Poissy, France, he was a member of the Capetian dynasty and the son of King Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile.
		The king of France was regarded as a primus inter pares among the kings and rulers of Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_IX_of_France (1623 words)

	Encyclopedia: List of French monarchs
		Blanche of Castile (1188-1252), wife of Louis VIII of France, third daughter of Alfonso VIII, king of Castile, and of Eleanor of England, daughter of Henry II, was born at Palencia.
		The Valois Dynasty succeeded the Capetian Dynasty as rulers of France from 1328-1589.
		The history of France as recounted in the "Grandes Chroniques de France," and particularly in the personal copy produced for King Charles V between 1370 and 1380 that is the saga of the three great dynasties, the Merovingians, Carolingians, and the Capetian Rulers of France, that shaped the institutions and the frontiers of the realm.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-French-monarchs (7489 words)

	JOHN II., KING OF FRANCE - LoveToKnow Article on JOHN II., KING OF FRANCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		JOHN I. (1358-1390), king of Castile, was the son of Henry II.
		The king of Castile finally bough off the claim of his English competitor by arranging a marriag between his son Henry and Catherine, daughter of John of Gaunt in 1387.
		King John was killed at Aicali on he gth of October 1390 by the fall of his horse, while he was iding in a, fantasia with some of the light horsemen known as the arfanes, who were mounted and equipped in the Arab style.
	97.1911encyclopedia.org /J/JO/JOHN_II_KING_OF_FRANCE.htm (1303 words)

	Henry IV, king of France. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1553–1610, king of France (1589–1610) and, as Henry III, of Navarre (1572–1610), son of Antoine de Bourbon and Jeanne d’Albret; first of the Bourbon kings of France.
		As a result of the temporary reconciliation (1570) between the Huguenots and the crown, Henry was betrothed to Margaret of Valois, sister of King Charles IX.
		The Catholic League, led by Henri, 3d duc de Guise, refused to recognize a Protestant as heir and persuaded the king to revoke concessions to the Protestants and to exclude Henry of Navarre from the succession.
	www.bartleby.com /65/he/Henry4Fr.html (635 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Louis IX
		King of France, son of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile, born at Poissy, 25 April, 1215; died near Tunis, 25 August, 1270.
		By this treaty St. Louis gave Henry III all the fiefs and domains belonging to the King of France in the Dioceses of Limoges, Cahors, and Périgueux; and in the event of Alphonsus of Poitiers dying without issue, Saintonge and Agenais would escheat to Henry III.
		Docile to the decrees of the Lateran Council (1215), according to which kings were not to tax the churches of their realm without authority from the pope, St. Louis claimed and obtained from successive popes, in view of the crusade, the right to levy quite heavy taxes from the clergy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09368a.htm (1653 words)

	The French Royal Family: Titles and Customs
		The new king was the head of the house of Bourbon-Orléans, descended from Philippe, duc d'Orléans, son of Louis XIII.
		The enfants de France (fils, fille de France) were sons and daughters of the sovereign, and styled in medieval seals filius/filia regis: their high rank was similar to that of infante in Spain.
		As lifespans increased, it seems that the concept of "fils de France" was extended to the children of the eldest son of the sovereign, and even to the children of the eldest grandson of the sovereign: in other words, to children of the current, past or future king.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/frroyal.htm (9868 words)

	King St. Louis IX
		Louis was the son of Louis VIII Capet of France.
		Herself the daughter of a king, Alfonso VIII of Castile, Blanche saw to it that her son was educated in government.
		King Louis lived in the days of the crusades; and for him, chivalrous as he was by nature, there was no nobler quest than to wrest from the hands of unbelievers the Holy Land sanctified by Jesus' death.
	www.stthomasirondequoit.com /SaintsAlive/id704.htm (687 words)

	Louis XIV King of France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Louis XIV, the King of France was born in 1638 at St. Germain-en-Laye France.
		King Louis XIV of France reacted to the English's presence by giving the order that a colony be established at Placentia, France's principle fishing base in Newfoundland and communication link with New France.
		King Louis XIV died in 1715 and he was succeeded by Louis XV, his great-grandson.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /placentia/louxiv.htm (413 words)

	Francis I, king of France. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		A candidate for the Holy Roman emperor’s crown (1519), he was defeated by Charles V, king of Spain, whose supremacy in Europe Francis was to contest in four wars.
		In 1520 Francis tried to secure the support of King Henry VIII of England against the emperor in the interview on the Field of the Cloth of Gold.
		The king also had some notable political achievements, including a concordat with the papacy and an alliance with Switzerland (both in 1516).
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/Francis1Fr.html (566 words)

	Francis I, King of France - Olga's Gallery
		Francis I (1494-1547) King of France from 1515 and notable patron of the Renaissance.
		It is possible that this little painting came to Florence as part of the dowry of Christine of Lorraine, the niece and heir of Catherine de’ Medici, wife of Henry II of France.
		Jean Clouet, who was the king’s court artist in 1516, must have first made a drawing portrait of the king.
	www.abcgallery.com /bio/francis1.html (343 words)

	Louis XVI, King of France
		France had been defeated in war by Britain [Treaty of Paris, 1763] and faced mounting financial woes.
		Instead of addressing France's problems, Louis proved to be a weak man who succumbed to the schemes of advisors and his wife, Marie Antoinette, a daughter of Maria Theresia of Austria, who possessed her mother's will, but not her skills.
		The King, nervous at the growing radicalism, attempted to lock them out of a meeting hall in Versailles, but they met outside and declared themselves the National Assembly.
	www.laughtergenealogy.com /bin/histprof/misc/louisxvi.html (612 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Louis XIV
		In consequence of the testament of Charles II, King of Spain, the Spanish Throne passed from the Habsburgs to the Bourbons.
		But the doctrine of the Divine right of kings succeeded in establishing itself upon the ruins of the Fronde; according to that doctrine Louis XIV had to reckon only with God, and the same doctrine served as one of the supports of the dictatorship which he pretended to exercise over the Church of France.
		The term régale was applied to that right by which the king, upon the death of a bishop, drew the revenues of the see and made appointments to benefices until the new bishop had registered his oath in the Court of Exchequer (Chambre des comptes).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09371a.htm (3525 words)

	King Lear - France
		France's betrothal to Cordelia is met with a cold acceptance.
		Surely France would suggest to Lear that he is making a mountain out of a molehill and would expect him to reassign Cordelia's dowry for the mutual security of their two countries as well as for France's sake as his son-in-law.
		The King of France needs to be at the centre of power in case this happens and this might be the fear and danger requiring his personal return.
	www.geocities.com /geotassie/france.html (934 words)

	Parish History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Louis IX, Saint and King, was the oldest son of King Louis VIII and Queen Blanche of France.
		At the age of twelve, he was crowned King of France, and under the capable and strict regency of his mother, he became a beloved ruler of his people.
		His descendents occupied the throne of France for five hundred years, his name is held in veneration, and churches and shrines have been dedicated to his memory.
	www.stlouisparish.org /html/king.htm (510 words)

	St. Louis of France
		This crusading king was a living embodiment of the Christianity of the time: he lived for the welfare of his subjects and the glory of God.
		The King issued orders that all acts of violence committed by his soldiers should be punished and restitution made to the persons injured.
		The King and his fellow prisoners were released, though the sick and wounded crusaders left in Damietta were slain.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/LOUIS.htm (3291 words)

	Louis XVI, king of France
		Louis XVI, 1754–93, king of France (1774–92), third son of the dauphin (Louis) and Marie Josèphe of Saxony, grandson and successor of King Louis XV.
		The king's opposition to the combined meeting of the estates and his procrastination on this issue led the third estate to proclaim itself a National Assembly, thus signaling the end of absolutism in France.
		Rumors circulated that the king intended to suppress the assembly, and the dismissal of the popular Necker provoked the storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789).
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0830398.html (825 words)

	Louis IX, King of France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Louis was born in 1214 and became King of France when twelve years old.
		Louis worked for the political unification of France, yielding Limoge, Cahors, and Perigeux to Henry in exchange for Henry's renunciation of all claims to Normandy, Anjou, Maine, Touraine, and Poitou (Treaty of Paris, 1259).
		Robert de Sorbon, the founder of the Sorbonne (University of Paris) was his confessor and his personal friend, and Thomas Aquinas was a frequent guest at his table.
	justus.anglican.org /resources/bio/47.html (640 words)

	Ralyea: Henri IV, King of France
		Henri IV was the last of the great warrior kings of France: born protestant into a country in civil war (Wars of Religion, 1562 -1598) French catholics against French Huguenots (protestants), he led troops into battle from the age of 15.
		Once King of France, Henri IV promulgated the Edict of Nantes (1598) guaranteeing freedom of religion for the minority protestants in Catholic France.
		There is the story of how, in 1601, T.M. exchanged roles with the King, sitting in Henri IV's chair and calling him 'Arlequin' until, tired of the game, Henri IV said that it was time for himself to play the King role again [Rudlin&Crick, p.43].
	shrike.depaul.edu /~jralyea/HenriIV.htm (279 words)

	Lives of the Saints, August 25, Saint Louis, King of France, Saint Mary Micaela
		The mother of the incomparable Saint Louis IX of France, Blanche of Castille, told him when he was still a child that she would rather see him dead in a coffin than stained by a single mortal sin.
		Before one year of their mutual sovereignty had ended, the Catholic armies of France, by a particular blessing, had crushed the Albigensians of the south who had risen up under a heretical prince, and forced them by stringent penalties to respect the Catholic faith.
		From the age of nine to twelve, she was a pupil of the Ursulines of the city of Pau in France.
	www.magnificat.ca /cal/engl/08-25.htm (1000 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint Louis IX
		Son of King Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile.
		King of France at age eleven; his mother ruled as regent until he reached 22, and he reigned for 44 years.
		Promoted Christianity in France; established religious foundations, aided mendicant orders, propagated synodal decrees of the Church, built leper hospitals, and collected relics.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintl07.htm (494 words)

	Charles IX King of France
		King Charles IX of France was only a child of ten years of age when he ascended the throne of France on December 6, 1560.
		On the other hand, Catherine had a favourite younger son named Henri, who was everything that she dreamed a King of France should be.
		The three brothers, or three chimneys of France, all Kings, one after the other, are the three sons of Henry II and Catherine d ‘Medici of France.
	www.fire-star.org /murders/charles.html (626 words)

	The French Royal Family: A Genealogy
		Elisabeth (1305-1380) dau.of King Ladislas I of Poland
		Louis I (1326-82), king of Hungary and Poland
		Kings and princes are known to have had illegitimate offspring since the 11th century, and they even started legitimating their natural children in the 15th c.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/france/roygenea.htm (6851 words)

	Royalty.nu - French Royal History - Louis XIV, King of France
		Unlike the king's previous mistresses, Madame de Maintenon was a matronly woman; also unlike the others, she managed to hold on to the king's affections.
		The Affair of the Poisons: Murder, Infanticide and Satanism at the Court of Louis XIV by Anne Somerset.
		Anne of Austria: Queen of France by Ruth Kleinman is a biography of Louis XIV's strong-willed mother.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/France/LouisXIV.html (2893 words)

	Royalty.nu - French History - Marie Antoinette, Louis XVI and the French Revolution
		Their lives temporarily spared, the king and queen and their children were taken to Paris and imprisoned in the Tuileries palace.
		Because the king was apathetic, it fell to Marie Antoinette to negotiate with revolutionaries on the royal family's behalf.
		The Queen's Necklace: Marie Antoinette and the Scandal That Shocked and Mystified France by Frances Mossiker.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/France/MarieAntoinette.html (3384 words)

	Louis IX, king of France. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In 1240–43, Louis subdued new revolts in S France, securing the submission of Poitou and of Raymond VII, and repulsing a weak invasion (1242) by Henry III.
		By its terms Louis ceded Limoges, Cahors, and Périgueux to Henry in exchange for Henry’s renunciation of Normandy, Anjou, Maine, Touraine, and Poitou and his recognition of the king of France as suzerain for the reduced duchy of Aquitaine.
		Louis made a favorable treaty with King James I of Aragón by yielding the French claim to Roussillon and Barcelona in return for James’s abandonment of his claim to Provence and Languedoc.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lo/Louis9Fr.html (448 words)

	The Memoirs of the Lord of Joinville
		reigns of three kings, and saw France, through the selfishness of her rulers, well advanced on that downward road that led to the coarse vice and brutality of the Hundred Years War, and to the corruption and luxurious bestiality of the last Valois kings.
		Digression on the Sultan's bodyguard The pestilence in the camp The King re-crosses the river, and treats with the Saracens The episode of the six impious knights.
		The King leaves Jafta, and goes to rebuild Sidon The battle of Cesarea Philippi; burial of the dead at Sidon The humours of the Count of Eu.
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /etcbin/toccer-new?id=WedLord&tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&part=0 (2422 words)

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